Hardness indicator
    1.
    发明授权
    Hardness indicator 失效
    硬度指示器

    公开(公告)号:US06190611B1

    公开(公告)日:2001-02-20

    申请号:US09141370

    申请日:1998-08-27

    IPC分类号: G01N3320

    CPC分类号: G01N33/1853 G01N31/22

    摘要: A harness indicator is highly reactive to a trace amount of Ca2+, and is slow to degrade in a high temperature environment of greater than 50° C. In one embodiment, the hardness indicator contains EBT, a pH buffer, and a masking agent as main components, and an admixture of Mg-EDTA. In another embodiment, the hardness indicator contains EBT, a pH buffer, and a masking agent as main components, and an admixture of anhydrous Mg-EDTA. In another embodiment, the hardness indicator contains EBT, a pH buffer, and a masking agent as main components, and an admixture of anhydrous Mg-EDTA and potassium sorbate. In a further embodiment, the hardness indicator contains EBT, a pH buffer, and a masking agent as main components, and an admixture of Mg-EDTA and potassium sorbate. In a further embodiment, the hardness indicator contains EBT, a pH buffer, and a masking agent as main components, and an admixture of potassium sorbate.

    摘要翻译: 线束指示器对痕量的Ca2 +具有高反应性,并且在大于50℃的高温环境中缓慢降解。在一个实施方案中,硬度指示剂含有EBT,pH缓冲剂和作为主要的掩蔽剂 组分和Mg-EDTA的混合物。 在另一个实施方案中,硬度指示剂含有EBT,pH缓冲剂和作为主要组分的掩蔽剂,以及无水Mg-EDTA的混合物。 在另一个实施方案中,硬度指示剂含有EBT,pH缓冲剂和掩蔽剂作为主要组分,以及无水Mg-EDTA和山梨酸钾的混合物。 在另一个实施方案中,硬度指示剂含有EBT,pH缓冲剂和掩蔽剂作为主要组分,以及Mg-EDTA和山梨酸钾的混合物。 在另一个实施方案中,硬度指示剂含有EBT,pH缓冲剂和作为主要成分的掩蔽剂,以及山梨酸钾的混合物。

    Thin film transistor
    5.
    发明授权
    Thin film transistor 失效
    薄膜晶体管

    公开(公告)号:US4425572A

    公开(公告)日:1984-01-10

    申请号:US261545

    申请日:1981-05-07

    摘要: A thin film transistor comprising a substrate having source and drain electrodes formed thereon, a semiconductor layer making contact in part with the source electrode and in part with the drain electrode, a gate electrode, and a gate insulating layer positioned between the semiconductor layer and the gate electrode is disclosed. A portion of the drain electrode is held in overlapping relation to a portion of the gate electrode while a portion of the source electrode is spaced apart from said gate electrode.

    摘要翻译: 一种薄膜晶体管,包括其上形成有源电极和漏极的衬底,与源电极部分接触并部分与漏电极接触的半导体层,栅极电极和栅极绝缘层,位于半导体层和 公开了一种栅电极。 漏电极的一部分与栅电极的一部分重叠地保持,而源电极的一部分与所述栅电极间隔开。

    Electro-chromic displays
    6.
    发明授权
    Electro-chromic displays 失效
    电铬显示屏

    公开(公告)号:US4379619A

    公开(公告)日:1983-04-12

    申请号:US218419

    申请日:1980-12-19

    CPC分类号: G02F1/1533

    摘要: An electro-chromic display in which the outer frame of the display cell confining an electrolyte is defined by a pair of oppositely disposed substrates, the peripheral edges of the substrates being joined sealingly to each other with an addition reaction type silicone resin adhesive containing fine powder of an inorganic substance such as aluminum, alumina, titanium oxide, silicon oxide or boron nitride which prevents decrease of said electrolyte.

    摘要翻译: 电镀铬显示器,其中限制电解质的显示单元的外框由一对相对设置的基板限定,基板的周缘彼此密封地连接,其中包含含有细粉末的加成反应型有机硅树脂粘合剂 的无机物质如铝,氧化铝,氧化钛,氧化硅或氮化硼,防止所述电解质的减少。

    Electrochromic display device
    7.
    发明授权
    Electrochromic display device 失效
    电致变色显示装置

    公开(公告)号:US4375319A

    公开(公告)日:1983-03-01

    申请号:US277656

    申请日:1981-06-26

    CPC分类号: G02F1/1533

    摘要: Electrochromic display device in which a display electrode is formed by depositing electrochromic material to a required configuration on a transparent conductive film comprising a portion contacted by the electrochromic material and a portion constituting a lead extension for connection to an external circuit, and both the conductive film lead extension and electrochromic material are covered by a layer of material which permits passage of ions between an electrolyte and the electrochromic material but is an insulator with respect to electrons, and thus colored display may be effected in a required manner but damage of the conductive film is prevented.

    摘要翻译: 电致变色显示装置,其中通过在包含与电致变色材料接触的部分和构成用于连接到外部电路的引线延伸部分的部分的透明导电膜上沉积电致变色材料而形成显示电极,并且导电膜 引线延伸和电致变色材料被一层材料覆盖,其允许离子在电解质和电致变色材料之间通过,但是是相对于电子的绝缘体,因此可以以所需方式实现有色显示,但导电膜的损坏 被阻止

    Driving technique for electrochromic displays of the segmented type
driving uncommon segment electrodes only
    8.
    发明授权
    Driving technique for electrochromic displays of the segmented type driving uncommon segment electrodes only 失效
    仅用于分段式驱动不常用段电极的电致变色显示器的驱动技术

    公开(公告)号:US4209770A

    公开(公告)日:1980-06-24

    申请号:US871040

    申请日:1978-01-20

    IPC分类号: G09G3/16 G06F3/14 G09F9/32

    CPC分类号: G09G3/16

    摘要: A driving technique is provided for an electro-optical display which includes an electrochromic material and a predetermined number of display electrodes, different combinations of the display electrodes defining different desired display patterns. The electrochromic phenomenon is developed within the electro-optical display upon a flow of current supplied through the display electrodes. In transition of a visual display from a specific display pattern to another, voltages are applied to only the one or more display electrodes which are not common to the two display patterns, while no voltages are applied to the one or more display electrodes common to the two display patterns. Applications of a coloration voltage to particular one or more display electrodes and a bleaching voltage to different one or more display electrodes in transition of a visual display are initiated at a same time to reduce the time period required to transcend from one visual display to another.

    摘要翻译: 提供了一种用于电光显示器的驱动技术,其包括电致变色材料和预定数量的显示电极,显示电极的不同组合限定了不同的所需显示图案。 在通过显示电极提供的电流流动下,在电光显示器内形成电致变色现象。 在将视觉显示从特定显示图案转换到另一显示图案的过程中,仅向两个显示图案不共同的一个或多个显示电极施加电压,而没有电压施加到一个或多个共同的显示电极 两种显示模式。 同时启动着色电压对特定一个或多个显示电极的应用和漂白电压到视觉显示器转换中的不同一个或多个显示电极,以减少从一个视觉显示器到另一视觉显示器所需的时间段。

    Current controlled drive system for electrochromic displays of the
segmented type
    9.
    发明授权
    Current controlled drive system for electrochromic displays of the segmented type 失效
    电流控制驱动系统,用于分段式电致变色显示

    公开(公告)号:US4201984A

    公开(公告)日:1980-05-06

    申请号:US800009

    申请日:1977-05-24

    CPC分类号: G09G3/16

    摘要: A driving circuit is provided for an electro-optical display which includes an electrochromic material and a predetermined number of display segments, various combinations of the display segments defining different desired display patterns. The electrochromic phenomenon is developed within the electro-optical display upon a flow of current supplied through the display segments. The driving circuit is so constructed as to supply a predetermined amount of the flow of current to the display segments, of which the current value is changed in accordance with the number of the display segments which change their display states.

    摘要翻译: 提供了一种用于电光显示器的驱动电路,其包括电致变色材料和预定数量的显示段,显示段的各种组合定义不同的期望显示图案。 在通过显示段供应的电流流动下,在电光显示器内形成电致变色现象。 驱动电路被构造成向显示段提供预定量的电流,其中电流值根据改变其显示状态的显示段的数量而改变。

    Method of manufacturing a thin-film transistor with reinforced drain and
source electrodes
    10.
    发明授权
    Method of manufacturing a thin-film transistor with reinforced drain and source electrodes 失效
    制造具有加强漏极和源极的薄膜晶体管的方法

    公开(公告)号:US6050827A

    公开(公告)日:2000-04-18

    申请号:US4661

    申请日:1993-01-14

    摘要: A thin film transistor where source and drain electrodes are film laminates including at least two layers. A first layer film of the laminate, which is formed to a thickness of 10 to 700 .ANG. is in ohmic contact with underlying semiconductor film. A second layer film, formed on the first layer film has a thickness of more than about 2000 .ANG. and is a material having a sufficient adhesion strength even when formed at a temperature which is less than the temperature corresponding to the materials vapor pressure. Further, the materials used for the source and drain electrodes can be formed into thin films by ordinary sputtering or vacuum deposition techniques, low in cost, and readily available. A thin film transistor according to the present invention is formed on a substrate by the steps of: forming a gate electrode on the substrate; oxidizing the gate electrode to form a gate insulating film, the gate electrode and the gate insulating film forming a step; forming a thin film semiconductor on the gate insulating film; forming a first layer film portion of a source and drain electrode film laminate on the thin film semiconductor and in ohmic contact with the thin film semiconductor; and forming a second layer film portion of the source and drain electrode film laminate, the second layer film being an adhesion layer, convering the first layer film, and having a sufficient thickness to provide a continuous film across the step.

    摘要翻译: 一种薄膜晶体管,其中源极和漏极是包括至少两个层的薄膜叠层。 形成为10至700厚度的层压体的第一层膜与下面的半导体膜欧姆接触。 形成在第一层膜上的第二层膜具有大于约2000的厚度,并且即使在低于对应于材料蒸气压的温度的温度下形成时,也具有足够的粘合强度的材料。 此外,用于源电极和漏电极的材料可以通过普通溅射或真空沉积技术形成为薄膜,成本低且易于获得。 根据本发明的薄膜晶体管通过以下步骤形成在衬底上:在衬底上形成栅电极; 氧化栅电极以形成栅极绝缘膜,栅电极和栅绝缘膜形成步骤; 在栅极绝缘膜上形成薄膜半导体; 在所述薄膜半导体上形成源极和漏极电极膜层叠体的第一层膜部分,并与所述薄膜半导体欧姆接触; 以及形成所述源极和漏极电极膜层压体的第二层膜部分,所述第二层膜是粘合层,使所述第一层膜会聚,并且具有足够的厚度以在所述台阶上提供连续的膜。