公开(公告)号：US6144486A

公开(公告)日：2000-11-07

申请号：US16184

申请日：1998-01-30

申请人： Kevin W. Bennett ,  Fiona Davis ,  Richard A. Habel ,  Paul A. Jakobson ,  Nigel E. Jolley ,  Robert W. Keys ,  Kim Byron Roberts ,  Mark A. Newhouse ,  Michael J. Yadlowsky

发明人： Kevin W. Bennett ,  Fiona Davis ,  Richard A. Habel ,  Paul A. Jakobson ,  Nigel E. Jolley ,  Robert W. Keys ,  Kim Byron Roberts ,  Mark A. Newhouse ,  Michael J. Yadlowsky

IPC分类号： H01S3/094 ,  H01S3/13 ,  H01S3/131 ,  H01S5/0687 ,  H01S5/50 ,  H01S3/00

CPC分类号： H01S3/094003 ,  H01S5/0687 ,  H01S2301/04 ,  H01S3/06754 ,  H01S3/09415 ,  H01S3/1301 ,  H01S5/0617 ,  H01S5/06804 ,  H01S5/50

摘要： The variables and parameters previously understood to affect the gain spectrum of an optical amplifier 13 were: (1) the wavelengths to be amplified; (2) the input power levels at those wavelengths; (3) the characteristics of the amplifying medium 20; (4) the insertion loss spectra of the amplifier's components, including any filter(s) used for gain flattening; (5) the pump band chosen to pump the amplifying medium 20; and (6) the total amount of pump power supplied in the chosen pump band. An additional fundamental variable has been identified which can be used to control the gain spectrum of an optical amplifier 13, namely, the center wavelength of the spectrum of the pump's output power within the chosen pump band. Methods and apparatus for using this variable for this purpose are disclosed.For example a, transmission system is disclosed having a transmitter 11 and a receiver 10 connected by an optical fiber 12. A plurality of optical amplifiers 13 are located along the optical fiber 12 to amplify signal channels between the transmitter and receiver. Each of the amplifiers has a pump light source 21, the wavelength of which is such that contributions to differential gain due to pump light wavelength related effects is substantially reduced.Also disclosed is a WDM transmission system having a transmission path including a concatenation of laser diode pumped optical amplifiers 13 wherein the gain spectrum of an amplifier is controlled at least in part by a feedback loop regulating the temperature of its laser diode pump 21. The feedback loop may for instance derive its control signal from a measure of the drive current applied to the pump, of the emission wavelength of the pump, or of the disparity between the power output from the amplifier in one of the multiplexed signal channels and that from at least one other of the channels.

摘要翻译： 以前被理解为影响光放大器13的增益谱的变量和参数是：（1）待放大的波长; （2）这些波长的输入功率电平; （3）放大介质20的特性; （4）放大器组件的插入损耗谱，包括用于增益平坦化的任何滤波器; （5）选择泵送放大介质20的泵浦带; 和（6）在所选泵浦带中供应的泵功率的总量。 已经确定了可以用于控制光放大器13的增益谱的附加基本变量，即所选择的泵浦波段内的泵的输出功率的频谱的中心波长。 公开了用于该目的的该变量的方法和装置。 例如，公开了具有由光纤12连接的发射机11和接收机10的传输系统。沿着光纤12定位多个光放大器13以放大发射机和接收机之间的信号信道。 每个放大器具有泵浦光源21，其波长使得由于泵浦光波长相关效应而对差分增益的贡献显着降低。 还公开了一种WDM传输系统，其具有包括激光二极管泵浦光放大器13的级联的传输路径，其中放大器的增益谱至少部分地通过调节其激光二极管泵21的温度的反馈回路来控制。反馈 循环可以例如从施加到泵的驱动电流，泵的发射波长的量度或者在多路复用的信号通道中的放大器输出的功率与从 至少另外一个渠道。

公开(公告)号：US5959749A

公开(公告)日：1999-09-28

申请号：US81666

申请日：1997-05-20

申请人： David John Danagher ,  Alan G. Solheim ,  Maurice S. O'Sullivan ,  Richard A. Habel ,  Kim Byron Roberts ,  Duncan John Forbes ,  Nigel Baker ,  Ian Hardcastle ,  Takis Hadjifotiou ,  Bipin Patel ,  Giuseppe Bordogna ,  James St. Leger Harley

发明人： David John Danagher ,  Alan G. Solheim ,  Maurice S. O'Sullivan ,  Richard A. Habel ,  Kim Byron Roberts ,  Duncan John Forbes ,  Nigel Baker ,  Ian Hardcastle ,  Takis Hadjifotiou ,  Bipin Patel ,  Giuseppe Bordogna ,  James St. Leger Harley

IPC分类号： H04J14/02 ,  H04Q11/00 ,  H04J14/00

CPC分类号： H04J14/0221 ,  H04J14/0212 ,  H04Q11/0005 ,  H04Q2011/0016 ,  H04Q2011/0024 ,  H04Q2011/0039 ,  H04Q2011/0069

摘要： An add/drop multiplexer/demultiplexer (ADM) for switching, modulating and attenuating optical signals in a fiber optic network employing wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is disclosed. The ADM is equipped an optical multiplexer for splitting an input WDM signal into individual optical signals, leading to respective 2.times.2 switches. Each switch has another input originating from a plurality of "add lines", and selects one of its inputs to be dropped and the other to continue along a main signal path. The retained signals may be modulated and attenuated prior to being tapped and finally multiplexed together by a WDM multiplexer. The tapped signals are optoelectronically converted and fed back to a controller, preferably a digital signal processor running a software algorithm, which controls the switching, modulation and attenuation. This permits remote control of the ADM functions by encoding instructions for the controller into a low-frequency dither signal that is embedded within the individual optical signals. The ADM can accordingly be instructed to reroute traffic, dynamically equalize or otherwise change optical channel power levels, and add or remove dither, all in real time. A specific optical channel may be reserved for control purposes, allowing a network administrator to "log in" to the ADM to override the controller software algorithm. Optionally, the optical signals can be tapped upon entry to the ADM. A bidirectional ADM can be constructed from two unidirectional ADMs, and may share the same controller. Also, a single, general multi-input multi-output switch can be used to provide an arbitrary mapping between individual input and output optical signals.

公开(公告)号：US06101012A

公开(公告)日：2000-08-08

申请号：US343414

申请日：1999-06-30

申请人： David John Danagher ,  Alan G. Solheim ,  Maurice S. O'Sullivan ,  Richard A. Habel ,  Kim Byron Roberts ,  Duncan John Forbes ,  Nigel Baker ,  Ian Hardcastle ,  Takis Hadjifotiou ,  Bipin Patel ,  Giuseppe Bordogna ,  James St. Leger Harley

发明人： David John Danagher ,  Alan G. Solheim ,  Maurice S. O'Sullivan ,  Richard A. Habel ,  Kim Byron Roberts ,  Duncan John Forbes ,  Nigel Baker ,  Ian Hardcastle ,  Takis Hadjifotiou ,  Bipin Patel ,  Giuseppe Bordogna ,  James St. Leger Harley

IPC分类号： H04J14/02 ,  H04Q11/00

CPC分类号： H04J14/0221 ,  H04J14/0212 ,  H04Q11/0005 ,  H04Q2011/0016 ,  H04Q2011/0024 ,  H04Q2011/0039 ,  H04Q2011/0069

摘要： An add/drop multiplexer/demultiplexer (ADM) for switching, modulating and attenuating optical signals in a fiber optic network employing wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is disclosed. The ADM is equipped an optical multiplexer for splitting an input WDM signal into individual optical signals, leading to respective 2.times.2 switches. Each switch has another input originating from a plurality of "add lines", and selects one of its inputs to be dropped and the other to continue along a main signal path. The retained signals may be modulated and attenuated prior to being tapped and finally multiplexed together by a WDM multiplexer. The tapped signals are optoelectronically converted and fed back to a controller, preferably a digital signal processor running a software algorithm, which controls the switching, modulation and attenuation. This permits remote control of the ADM functions by encoding instructions for the controller into a low-frequency dither signal that is embedded within the individual optical signals. The ADM can accordingly be instructed to reroute traffic, dynamically equalize or otherwise change optical channel power levels, and add or remove dither, all in real time. A specific optical channel may be reserved for control purposes, allowing a network administrator to "log in" to the ADM to override the controller software algorithm. Optionally, the optical signals can be tapped upon entry to the ADM. A bidirectional ADM can be constructed from two unidirectional ADMs, and may share the same controller. Also, a single, general multi-input multi-output switch can be used to provide an arbitrary mapping between individual input and output optical signals.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于在采用波分复用（WDM）的光纤网络中切换，调制和衰减光信号的分插复用器/解复用器（ADM）。 ADM装备有一个光信号多路复用器，用于将输入的WDM信号分离成各自的光信号，从而产生各自的2x2开关。 每个开关具有源自多个“相加线”的另一个输入，并且选择其一个输入被丢弃，另一个输入沿主信号路径继续。 保留的信号可以在被抽头之前被调制和衰减，并且最终由WDM多路复用器多路复用在一起。 抽头信号被光电转换并反馈到控制器，优选地是运行软件算法的数字信号处理器，其控制开关，调制和衰减。 这允许通过将控制器的指令编码成嵌入各个光信号内的低频抖动信号来远程控制ADM功能。 因此可以指示ADM重新路由业务，动态均衡或以其他方式改变光信道功率级别，并且实时地添加或去除抖动。 可以保留特定的光通道用于控制目的，允许网络管理员“登录”到ADM以覆盖控制器软件算法。 可选地，可以在进入ADM时轻拍光信号。 双向ADM可以由两个单向ADM构建，并且可以共享相同的控制器。 此外，单个一般的多输入多输出开关可用于提供各个输入和输出光信号之间的任意映射。

公开(公告)号：US6064501A

公开(公告)日：2000-05-16

申请号：US788300

申请日：1997-01-24

申请人： Kim Byron Roberts ,  Maurice Stephen O'Sullivan ,  Richard A. Habel ,  Christopher Brendan Kennedy

发明人： Kim Byron Roberts ,  Maurice Stephen O'Sullivan ,  Richard A. Habel ,  Christopher Brendan Kennedy

IPC分类号： H01S3/10 ,  H04B10/079 ,  H04B10/293 ,  H04B10/08

CPC分类号： H04B10/2912 ,  H04B10/07955 ,  H04B10/0797 ,  H04B10/2931 ,  H04B10/2971 ,  H04B2210/08

摘要： The invention is directed to a failure detection system and method for detecting malfunction of an optical amplifier module with one or multiple transmission channels. The failure detection system comprises a unit for measuring a performance parameter of the module; a unit for providing an expected performance parameter; and a comparator unit for receiving the performance parameter and the expected performance parameter and producing an error signal when the performance parameter substantially departs from the expected performance parameter. The system also includes a display/alarm unit for receiving the error signal and accordingly signaling failure of the module. The performance parameter is an output value of the module; a correspondence between an output value and an input value for a transmission channel; a figure of merit (FOM.sup.t=t); a set of gains (g) for all transmission channels; and the dynamic range of the amplifier module.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于检测具有一个或多个传输信道的光放大器模块的故障的故障检测系统和方法。 故障检测系统包括用于测量模块的性能参数的单元; 用于提供预期性能参数的单元; 以及比较器单元，用于在性能参数基本上偏离预期性能参数时接收性能参数和预期性能参数并产生误差信号。 该系统还包括一个显示/报警单元，用于接收错误信号并相应地发出模块信号故障。 性能参数是模块的输出值; 传输信道的输出值和输入值之间的对应关系; 一个品质因数（FOMt = t）; 所有传输通道的一组增益（g）; 和放大器模块的动态范围。

公开(公告)号：US06239889B1

公开(公告)日：2001-05-29

申请号：US08986027

申请日：1997-12-05

申请人： James Harley ,  Richard A. Habel

发明人： James Harley ,  Richard A. Habel

IPC分类号： H04B1000

CPC分类号： H04J14/02 ,  H04J14/0221

摘要： The power of an optical signal (s1) travelling on a channel (&lgr;1) of a WDM transmission system, is measured using a signature bit pattern (sBP1) which is inserted in the frame of the optical signal (s1). The power level of sBPL is adjusted at the launching point to a predetermined ratio (m) with the power of the optical signal. At a point of interest, the fiber is tapped and a fraction of the tapped signal, that includes a corresponding fraction of sBP1, is converted to an electrical signal. The fraction of sBP1 is extracted from a the electrical signal and power of sBPL is measured. This gives the optical power of s1 as (m) is known and also the calibration constant for the respective channel (&lgr;1) is known. The method can be applied for any and all channels of the WDM transmission system.

摘要翻译： 使用插入在光信号（s1）的帧中的签名位模式（sBP1）来测量在WDM传输系统的信道（lambd1）上行进的光信号（s1）的功率。 在发射点将sBPL的功率电平与光信号的功率调整到预定比率（m）。 在感兴趣的点上，光纤被抽头，并且包括相应部分sBP1的抽头信号的一部分被转换成电信号。 从电信号中提取sBP1的分数，并测量sBPL的功率。 这使得s1的光功率（m）是已知的，并且相应通道（lambd1）的校准常数是已知的。 该方法可以应用于WDM传输系统的任何和所有信道。

公开(公告)号：US5579328A

公开(公告)日：1996-11-26

申请号：US513280

申请日：1995-08-10

申请人： Richard A. Habel ,  Kim B. Roberts

发明人： Richard A. Habel ,  Kim B. Roberts

IPC分类号： H01S5/06 ,  H01S5/068 ,  H01S5/0683 ,  H01S3/13

CPC分类号： H01S5/06825 ,  H01S5/06832 ,  H01S5/0617

摘要： A digital controller for an injection laser diode. The controller maintains the laser diode average and peak power levels constant in spite of temperature and/or aging effects. A pseudo-random sequence is superimposed on the `0` and/or `1` current levels to the laser diode and the optical output is detected by a back facet monitor. The detected signal is compared with preset references and a feedback signal is used to control both the bias current and the modulation current.

摘要翻译： 一种用于注入激光二极管的数字控制器。 尽管温度和/或老化效应，控制器保持激光二极管的平均值和峰值功率水平恒定。 伪随机序列叠加在激光二极管的'0'和/或'1'电流电平上，并且光输出由背面监视器检测。 将检测到的信号与预设参考值进行比较，并使用反馈信号来控制偏置电流和调制电流。

公开(公告)号：US06323978B1

公开(公告)日：2001-11-27

申请号：US09055360

申请日：1998-04-06

申请人： James St. Leger Harley ,  Richard A. Habel ,  Avid Lemus

发明人： James St. Leger Harley ,  Richard A. Habel ,  Avid Lemus

IPC分类号： H04B1002

CPC分类号： H04L5/04

摘要： A method and apparatus for embedding control information in an optical signal transporting optical data, consisting of encoding the control information as a control signal having an amplitude proportional to a controllable modulation depth. The optical signal is then optically modulated in accordance with the amplitude of the control signal. The control signal is subsequently detected and the control information is decoded. A major feature of the invention lies in determining a level of similarity between the encoded and decoded control information and varying the modulation depth according to this level of similarity. Hence, the modulation depth yielding a given bit-error rate (BER) or signal-to-noise ration (SNR) can be minimized, in order to reduce the degradation of the optical channel data. The invention also provides a means for modulating the control information about a carrier frequency, and varying this carrier frequency if the SNR is below a certain tolerance value. This is useful in countering the periodic interference spectrum of framed data signals, which may be unknown or time-varying. Furthermore, the bit rate of the control signal can be adjusted to carry a required amount of information, so as to meet the system's evolving control requirements.

摘要翻译： 一种用于将控制信息嵌入光信号传输光数据中的方法和装置，包括将控制信息编码为具有与可控调制深度成正比的幅度的控制信号。 光信号然后根据控制信号的幅度进行光学调制。 随后检测控制信号，解码控制信息。 本发明的主要特征在于确定编码和解码的控制信息之间的相似度水平，并根据这种相似程度改变调制深度。 因此，为了减少光通道数据的劣化，可以使产生给定误码率（BER）或信噪比（SNR）的调制深度最小化。 本发明还提供了一种用于调制关于载波频率的控制信息的装置，并且如果SNR低于某一公差值则改变该载波频率。 这对于反对帧数据信号的周期性干扰谱是有用的，其可能是未知的或随时间变化的。 此外，控制信号的比特率可以调整以承载所需的信息量，以满足系统不断发展的控制要求。