摘要:
Anti-reducing semiconducting porcelain having a positive temperature coefficient of resistance comprises a barium titanate composition, and a flux containing 0.14 to 2.88 parts by weight of TiO.sub.2 0.1 to 1.6 parts by weight of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and 0.1 to 1.6 parts by weight of SiO.sub.2 per 100 parts by weight of the barium titanate composition. It has a high positive temperature coefficient of resistance which does not show any appreciable change in the presence of a reducing atmosphere, such as hydrogen gas or gasified gasoline. It need not be isolated from a reducing atmosphere by a plastic or metallic enclosure, but can be exposed thereto. The flux may further contain a zinc, potassium or lithium compound.
摘要:
A positive ceramic semiconductor device having positive temperature coefficient of resistance comprises a pair of electrodes provided on a ceramic semiconductor substrate. One of the paired electrodes which is to serve as the positive pole is basically constituted by at least an electrically conductive layer of silver-palladium series containing silver and palladium at a predetermined ratio. For preventing a localized current concentration from occurring in the current conducting state, improvement is made as the structure of the positive pole electrode ormed of the electrically conductive material of silver-palladium series and/or the structure of the negative pole electrode. Silver-migration phenomenon on the positive ceramic semiconductor substrate as well as degradation of the mechanical strength thereof is positively prevented.
摘要:
An air heater for heating intake air for an internal combustion engine only in cold start or further warming up operation, having a frame which defines an opening for passing air therethrough, and at least one heater element in the shape of a perforated plate such as a lattice or honeycomb plate supported by the frame so as to traverse only a part of the opening area of the air passage opening, while leaving a substantial part of the opening area free as untraversed by the heater element.
摘要:
A self-temperature controlling type heating device comprises a positive temperature coefficient ceramic resistor having a thin layer portion, a first electrode provided on one face of the thin layer portion, a second electrode provided on the other face of the thin layer portion opposite to the first electrode, and at least one third electrode provided on the surface of the PTC ceramic resistor in spaced relation to the first electrode. An electric current is allowed to flow between the first and second electrodes to form a heating element, and an electric resistance value between the first and third electrodes is detected to thereby make a temperature control. Thus, a high output is obtained at a low voltage and the control temperature is freely varied.
摘要:
An oxygen concentration sensing apparatus in which a block of an oxygen-ion conductive solid electrolyte is interposed between a first electrode and a second electrode disposed opposite to each other. The first electrode is made of a catalytic metal and is exposed at a portion thereof on a surface of the solid electrolyte block, and an electrical insulating heat-resistive layer having a plurality of communication pores covers the exposed portion of the first electrode. The second electrode is porous and made of a catalytic metal. The solid electrolyte is wholly exposed to a stream of gases containing oxygen whose concentration is to be measured, and during measurement, a current source supplies continuously an electric current in a direction from the first electrode toward the second electrode. When the partial pressure of oxygen gas produced at the first electrode and existing in the vicinity thereof exceeds a predetermined value, the excess pressure portion of oxygen gas is discharged into the stream of gases through the communication pores of the heat-resistive layer thereby maintaining substantially constant the partial pressure of oxygen gas in the vicinity of the first electrode. An electromotive force representing the ratio between the partial pressure of oxygen around the first electrode and that in the stream of gases containing oxygen is measured to determine the concentration of oxygen contained in the gases.
摘要:
In an oxygen concentration sensing apparatus comprising a solid, oxygen ion conductive, electrolyte and intervening between two electrodes to generate across the two electrodes a potential difference due to a difference in oxygen concentrations at the boundaries between the two electrodes and the solid electrolyte, one of the two electrodes is made of a metal performing catalytic action, one end portion of the one electrode is embedded in the solid electrolyte to be fixed thereby, the other end portion of the one electrode projects outwardly of the solid electrolyte, a portion of the one electrode contacting with an outer surface of the solid electrolyte is hermetically sealed with a nonconductive layer of a heat-resistant material, and the other electrode is made of a porous metal performing catalytic action and is disposed on the outer surface of the solid electrolyte but preventing the other electrode from being in contact with the one electrode.Further, the oxygen concentration sensing apparatus may be provided with an electric circuit for making an electric current flow intermittently from the one electrode through the solid electrolyte to the other electrode thereby to maintain the oxygen concentration at the boundary between the one electrode and the solid electrolyte at a constant level.
摘要:
In an apparatus for heating intake air arranged in an intake air passage, a heater member of ceramic material having apertures for passing air therethrough is supported between upper and lower frame members. Metal plate members, such as silver plate members, are inserted between the end portions of the heater member and the electrode lead members which connect the heater member with terminal bolts of the heating apparatus.
摘要:
A pinch device for detecting a biomedical signal which pinches a measuring site of a living body in order to detect a biomedical signal, includes a pair of body members which are opposed to each other, said body members being rotatably coupled to each other via a shaft portion, a movable member mounted to a tip end of one of said paired body members so as to be rotatable, and said movable member having a contact face opposed to another contact face which is formed at a tip end of another one of said paired body members, and a spring member urging said contact face of said movable member and said other contact face of said body member which is opposed to said movable member, in an approaching direction.
摘要:
A ceramic heater body is formed in a plate shape, and has electrode attaching portions at both ends of the heater body. A plurality of openings are formed in the electrode attaching portion, and a metallized layer is formed on the inner peripheral surface of each of the openings. Electrodes having a plurality of wires are connected to the electrode attaching portions, for supplying power to the heater body. The metal wires are inserted into the openings formed having the metallized layers on the inner peripheral surfaces, and are secured by brazing to the metallized layers. The diameter of the metal wire is set to 0.5 to 3 mm, and the metal wires are buried in the openings, at a depth of 1 to 5 mm.
摘要:
A semiconductor wafer is comprised of a transparent layer interposed between a thin silicon layer and a thick silicon layer. Silicon islands are formed from the thin silicon layer on the transparent layer. Device elements are formed in the silicon islands. Thereafter, the thick silicon layer which is a support layer is etched away to form a transparent region on the wafer. The wafer is constructed to avoid elimination or destruction of the transparent layer during the course of formation of the silicon islands and during the course of etching of the rear thick silicon plate. The transparent layer is comprised of a silicon nitride film or a silicon carbide film. Alternatively, the transparent layer is comprised of a silicon oxide film covered by a silicon nitride film or a silicon carbide film on one or both of the upper and lower faces of the silicon oxide film.