摘要:
This invention relates to a method of producing peracetyloxazolines from peracetyl saccharides. The method involves reacting the starting material, a peracetyl saccharide, with a reagent combination, to directly produce the peracetyl oxazoline. This method may be used for the activation of oligosaccharides, wherein an oligosaccharide containing a reducing GlcNAc terminus is activated by the formation of an oxazolide at the terminal GlcNAc, and then coupled with a bifunctional spacer to provide an oligosaccharide-spacer conjugate. The activated oligosaccharide-spacer conjugate is then coupled to a protein, such as granulocyte colony stimulating factor or .gamma.-interferon, providing a neoglycoprotein conjugate. The invention provides a method for forming neoglycoprotein conjugates which may improve biological and physiochemical properties of the protein. For example, serum lifetime or efficiency of drug delivery of the peptide to a target organ or cell may be improved.
摘要:
This invention relates to a method of producing peracetyloxazolines from peracetyl saccharides. The method involves reacting the starting material, a peracetyl saccharide, with a reagent combination, to directly produce the peracetyl oxazoline. This method may be used for the activation of oligosaccharides, wherein an oligosaccharide containing a reducing GlcNAc terminus is activated by the formation of an orazoline at the terminal GlcNAc, and then coupled with a bifunctional spacer to provide an oligosaccharide-spacer conjugate. The activated oligosaccharide-spacer conjugate is then coupled to a protein, such as granulocyte colony stimulating factor or .gamma.-interferon, providing a neoglycoprotein conjugate. The invention provides a method for forming neoglycoprotein conjugates which may improve biological and physiochemical properties of the protein. For example, serum lifetime or efficiency of drug delivery of the peptide to a target organ or cell may be improved.
摘要:
A weeding device provides a solution to the problem of removing dandelions and other weeds from a lawn or other area. The core components of the invention are a shaft and handle arranged so that a user can remove weeds while standing, a cutting head and motor configured to cut weeds, and an herbicide injector configured to inject an herbicide into the weed. Generally speaking, the components are configured as follows: the handle is at one end of the shaft and the motor, cutting head, and herbicide injector are at a second end of the shaft. The cutting head is configured to rotate around the herbicide injector to cut portions of the weed while herbicide is injected into the weed by the herbicide injector.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for combined medium access control (MAC) and radio link control (RLC) processing are disclosed. For uplink processing, a combined MAC/RLC (CMR) entity generates an SDU descriptor and allocates protocol data unit (PDU) descriptor resources. A protocol engine (PE) populates a PDU descriptor for each PDU carrying at least a portion of the SDU and generates a MAC PDU in a physical layer shared memory based on the SDU descriptor and the PDU descriptor. The MAC PDU is generated while moving RLC SDU data from the bulk memory to the physical layer shared memory. For downlink processing, received MAC PDUs are stored in the physical layer shared memory. The PE reads MAC and RLC headers in the MAC PDU and populates an SDU segment descriptor (SD) and corresponding PDU descriptors for each SDU segment. The CMR entity merges SDU SDs that comprise a same RLC SDU.
摘要:
An apparatus, method and product for independently testing communications components are disclosed. A testing apparatus is provided that has a test control component which includes an input configured to receive a test script, an upper interface coupling and a lower upper interface coupling. In operation, a protocol stack component to be tested is coupled to the test control component via upper and lower interfaces.
摘要:
Ionophores having the capacity spontaneously assemble in solution and composed of hydrogen bonded monomers of 5′-(t-butyl-dimethylsilyl)-2′,3′-O-isopropylidene-isoguanosine, 5′-(t-butyl-dimethylsilyl)-2′,3′-O-isopropylidene-thio-isoguanosine or 2′,3′-Di-O-acetyl-5′-(t-butyl-dimethylsilyl)-isoguanosine are used to remove 137-cesium ions (137Cs+) from nuclear waste.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for providing abstraction layers in the hierarchical structure of a set-top terminal to enable the set-top's firmware to be compatible with different operating systems. An operating system (OS) kernel interface is provided using a first OS abstraction layer that is OS-independent, and a second abstraction layer that is OS-dependent. The interface enables the terminal's firmware to access the kernel's set of functions independently of the OS. The abstraction layers provide an interface for kernel functions for the following kernel constructs: Timers, Threads, Memory, Synchronization and Messaging. The invention benefits terminal manufacturers and developers as well as network operators by allowing set-top firmware to run without modifications due to a change in the set-top's OS.