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公开(公告)号：US5413878A
公开(公告)日：1995-05-09
申请号：US142563
申请日：1993-10-28
申请人： Mark C. Williams , John G. Wimer , David H. Archer
发明人： Mark C. Williams , John G. Wimer , David H. Archer
CPC分类号： H01M8/0625 , B01D53/326 , C25B15/00 , H01M8/04089 , H01M2008/147 , H01M2300/0051 , H01M8/04014 , H01M8/04022 , H01M8/249 , Y02E60/526
摘要： An improved electrochemically active system and method including a plurality of electrochemical devices, such as fuel cells and fluid separation devices, in which the anode and cathode process-fluid flow chambers are connected in fluid-flow arrangements so that the operating parameters of each of said plurality of electrochemical devices which are dependent upon process-fluid parameters may be individually controlled to provide improved operating efficiency. The improvements in operation include improved power efficiency and improved fuel utilization in fuel cell power generating systems and reduced power consumption in fluid separation devices and the like through interstage process fluid parameter control for series networked electrochemical devices. The improved networking method includes recycling of various process flows to enhance the overall control scheme.
摘要翻译： 一种改进的电化学活性系统和方法，其包括多个电化学装置，例如燃料电池和流体分离装置，其中阳极和阴极工艺流体流动室以流体流动方式连接，使得所述 取决于过程流体参数的多个电化学装置可以单独控制以提供改进的操作效率。 操作的改进包括通过用于串联网络化学电化学装置的级间过程流体参数控制来提高燃料电池发电系统中的功率效率和改善燃料利用率以及流体分离装置等中的功率消耗。 改进的联网方法包括回收各种流程以增强总体控制方案。
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公开(公告)号：US4996951A
公开(公告)日：1991-03-05
申请号：US476198
申请日：1990-02-07
申请人： David H. Archer , M. Mushtaq Ahmed
发明人： David H. Archer , M. Mushtaq Ahmed
IPC分类号： F22B37/56
CPC分类号： F22B37/56
摘要： A system and method for controlling soot removal in a heating device (2) in which heat energy is generated by combustion of a fuel, with accompanying production of soot, to produce combustion product gases, and heat energy is transferred from the product gases to a heated medium via a heat exchange surface on which the soot collects in a layer, by: producing (10) an indication of the present thickness of the soot layer; determining (12) the increase in cost of transferring heat energy to the heated medium due to the soot layer; and performing (4) a soot removal operation starting at a time selected on the basis of the determined cost increase.
摘要翻译： 一种用于控制加热装置（2）中的烟灰去除的系统和方法，其中通过燃料的燃烧产生热能，伴随产生烟灰，产生燃烧产物气体和热能从产物气体转移到 通过以下方式产生（10）烟灰层的当前厚度的指示：通过其上所述烟灰聚集在一层中的热交换表面的加热介质; 确定（12）由于烟灰层将热能传递到加热介质的成本增加; 以及（4）从基于所确定的成本增加所选择的时间开始的烟灰去除操作。
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公开(公告)号：US4447748A
公开(公告)日：1984-05-08
申请号：US257682
申请日：1981-04-27
CPC分类号： H02K44/10
摘要： High temperature corrosion and erosion resistant electrodes particularly useful for magnetohydrodynamic generators which electrodes utilize chemical ionization of combustion reactants to diffuse the current flow into the electrode. A combustible fuel, oxidant and electrically conductive material flow through porous, graded electrode components toward the plasma. Catalyzed combustion occurs near the face of the electrode exposed to the plasma which diffuses current transfer in the boundary layer and into the electrode. The reactants and combustion products thus combine simultaneously to cool the inner portions of the electrode, heat the outer portions, protect the exposed electrode surface from erosion, and alleviate the physical or chemical bonding of the by-products of coal combustion to the electrode surface which otherwise results in chemical degradation of the electrode.
摘要翻译： 高温耐腐蚀和耐腐蚀电极特别适用于磁流体动力发电机，其电极利用燃烧反应物的化学电离使电流流入电极。 可燃燃料，氧化剂和导电材料流过多孔的渐变电极组件朝向等离子体。 催化燃烧发生在暴露于等离子体的电极的表面附近，这扩散了边界层中的电流传递并进入电极。 因此，反应物和燃烧产物同时组合以冷却电极的内部部分，加热外部部分，保护暴露的电极表面免受侵蚀，并减轻煤燃烧副产物与电极表面的物理或化学结合。 否则会导致电极的化学降解。
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4.发明授权Method for determining the concentration of a plurality of combustible gases in a stream 失效用于确定流中多个可燃气体的浓度的方法
公开(公告)号：US5007988A
公开(公告)日：1991-04-16
申请号：US95382
申请日：1987-09-08
申请人： David H. Archer , Mohammed M. Ahmed
发明人： David H. Archer , Mohammed M. Ahmed
CPC分类号： G01N27/4045
摘要： A method for determining the concentration of a plurality of combustible gases in a gas stream comprises providing an electrochemical cell apparatus that includes an electrochemical cell in which a cavity is formed having a diffusion limiting port forming the entrance to the cavity. The cell has a process side in flow communication with a portion of the gas stream flowing into the cavity through the port, and a reference side in flow communication with a reference gas. The process side and the reference side of the electrochemical cell are separated by an electrolyte. The potential difference across the cell is adjusted to create a steady state electrical current flow. A number of the following current flow measurements are obtained, wherein the number of current flow measurements equals the number of combustible gases in the gas stream: determining the steady state current flowing through the electrolyte, and determining the surge of current flowing through the electrolyte after the flow of current is interrupted and then restored, by interrupting the current for a time period, restoring the flow of current and measuring the surge of current until the current attains its steady state value. The total pressure of the gases in the gas stream is measured, and the total pressure and the current flow measurements are converted into an indication of the concentration of each of the combustible gases in the gas stream.
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公开(公告)号：US4667467A
公开(公告)日：1987-05-26
申请号：US741091
申请日：1985-06-04
申请人： David H. Archer , James R. Hamm , Edward J. Vidt
发明人： David H. Archer , James R. Hamm , Edward J. Vidt
摘要： A method for electric power production or cogeneration of electrical power and process heat and/or steam that integrates a solid carbonaceous fuel gasification system and gas turbine system. Fuel gas produced in the gasification system is combusted and the combustion gases used in the gas turbine system. The gas turbine system uses water spray intercooling of the compressor or compressors, with air-water mixture from the compressor used in the gasification system, while hot exhaust gas from the turbine system has heat recuperated therefrom and is used to produce steam, which is also used in the gasification system.
摘要翻译： 一种将固体碳质燃料气化系统和燃气轮机系统集成在一起的用于电力生产或热电联产的电力和工艺热和/或蒸汽的方法。 在气化系统中产生的燃料气体被燃烧并且在燃气轮机系统中使用燃烧气体。 燃气轮机系统使用压缩机或压缩机的喷水中间冷却，使用来自气化系统中使用的压缩机的空气 - 水混合物，而来自涡轮机系统的热废气具有热回收并用于产生蒸汽，其也是 用于气化系统。
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公开(公告)号：US5043925A
公开(公告)日：1991-08-27
申请号：US393186
申请日：1989-08-14
申请人： David H. Archer , M. Mushtaq Ahmed
发明人： David H. Archer , M. Mushtaq Ahmed
CPC分类号： F23K3/00 , F23N1/002 , F23N2021/10 , F23N2023/40
摘要： A method and apparatus for modeling flow in a bunker detects material characteristics of material supplied to a bunker and predicts the type of flow from the sensed material characteristics. Material characteristics of the material subsequently discharged from the bunker are compared with the material characteristics of the material supplied to the bunker to verify the prediction of flow in the bunker. The method and apparatus can be applied to bunkers storing coal at a power plant where moisture content, heating value, sulphur, etc. are detected by a bulk material analyzer prior to being supplied to a plurality of bunkers. Even if the coal is subsequently mixed prior to combustion, estimates, an be made of the contribution of each bunker to the resulting heating value, moisture removed, sulphur, ash content, etc. An appropriate flow model predicting one of mass flow, rat hole flow and funnel flow can be selected based upon characteristics of the material supplied to and discharged from the bunkers.
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公开(公告)号：US4615283A
公开(公告)日：1986-10-07
申请号：US654695
申请日：1984-09-26
CPC分类号： F23G7/14 , F23G5/16 , F23G5/20 , F23G5/46 , F23J15/02 , F23J2217/104 , Y10S588/90
摘要： A waste disposal system for the combustion of waste materials, that may include toxic chemical waste, wherein the wastes are combusted in a combustion unit with combustion gases directly discharged into a refractory lined housing having a plurality of ceramic filters disposed in the gas outlet wall thereof. The combustion gases are maintained in the refractory lined housing for a period of time sufficient to effect combustion of the major portion of residual vaporous waste constituents therein and then passed through the ceramic filters to remove the remainder of said vaporous waste constituents and the residual solid waste constituents. The waste-free, hot combustion gases, after passage through the filters, are directed to a heat exchanger for recovery of heat values therefrom. Soils contaminated with a toxic chemical waste may be decontaminated by charging the soil as a portion of a combustible waste charge to the combustion unit, with the toxic chemical waste subjected to combustion, with the resultant decontaminated soil, along with ash from the combustible waste used as a landfill.
摘要翻译： 一种用于燃烧废物的废物处理系统，其可以包括有毒化学废物，其中废物在燃烧单元中燃烧，其中燃烧气体直接排放到具有设置在其气体出口壁中的多个陶瓷过滤器的耐火材料衬里的壳体中 。 将燃烧气体保持在耐火材料衬里的壳体中足以使其中残留的蒸气废物成分的主要部分燃烧的时间段，然后通过陶瓷过滤器以除去剩余的所述蒸汽废物成分和残留的固体废物 成分。 无废料的热燃烧气体在通过过滤器之后被引导到热交换器以从其中回收热值。 污染有毒化学废物的土壤可以通过将土壤作为燃烧单元的可燃废物的一部分进行充填而被去污染，有毒化学废物经过燃烧，所得到的净化土壤以及所用的可燃废物的灰分 作为垃圾填埋场。
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公开(公告)号：US5005351A
公开(公告)日：1991-04-09
申请号：US484750
申请日：1990-02-26
申请人： David H. Archer
发明人： David H. Archer
CPC分类号： F28B11/00 , F28B1/02 , Y10S706/915
摘要： A system and method for controlling the operation of a steam condenser in a power plant which includes a steam turbine, the condense having: a steam flow path including a steam inlet connected to receive turbine exhaust steam from the turbine steam outlet, a condensate outlet and a heat exchange region located between the steam inlet and the condensate outlet; a cooling water flow path having an inlet and an outlet and heat exchange elements for conducting cooling water through the heat exchange region, and a non-condensible product removal path having an inlet communicating with the heat exchange region and an outlet located outside of the heat exchange region. Control is effected by: measuring fluid flow at the steam inlet, the condensate outlet, the cooling water inlet and the cooling water outlet; providing a computer model of the condenser in its normal operating condition, supplying the model with representations of the measured flows at the steam inlet and the cooling water outlet, and producing, in the model, indications of the flow at the condensate outlet and the cooling water outlet when the condenser is in its normal operating condition; comparing the indications from the producing step with the measured flow at one of the condensate outlet and the cooling water outlet from the measuring step; and effecting a computerized analysis of the result of the comparing step for providing an indication of the probable cause of differences between the compared indications and flows.
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公开(公告)号：US4638629A
公开(公告)日：1987-01-27
申请号：US841670
申请日：1986-03-19
申请人： David H. Archer , Frank I. Bauer , Edward J. Vidt
发明人： David H. Archer , Frank I. Bauer , Edward J. Vidt
摘要： Electric power is produced in an electric power generating combustion turbine using a biogas as fuel thereto, where a biogas, leaving a biomass gasification system at an elevated temperature of 650.degree.-875.degree. C. and containing tars, is partially cooled by injection of a spray of water thereto to a lower temperature of about 260.degree.-555.degree. but above that which would condense tars. The partially cooled biogas stream is then filtered to remove solid particulate matter therefrom and is directly charged as fuel to the electric power producing combustion turbine for the production of electric power.
摘要翻译： 在使用生物气体作为燃料的发电用燃气轮机中产生电力，其中将生物质气化系统留在650℃-875℃的高温并含有焦油的生物气体通过注入 将水喷雾至约260°-555°的较低温度，但高于将焦化焦油的温度。 然后将部分冷却的沼气流过滤以从其中除去固体颗粒物质，并将其直接作为燃料加载到发电用燃料涡轮机中以产生电力。
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公开(公告)号：US4412910A
公开(公告)日：1983-11-01
申请号：US313447
申请日：1981-10-21
申请人： David H. Archer , M. Mushtaq Ahmed
发明人： David H. Archer , M. Mushtaq Ahmed
CPC分类号： C10J3/54 , C10G1/006 , C10G1/02 , C10J3/503 , C10J3/66 , C10J3/74 , C10J2300/0946 , C10J2300/0959 , C10J2300/0976 , C10J2300/1253 , C10J2300/1823
摘要： Raw shale is supplied to a pyrolyzer where it is pyrolyzed by fuel gas and hot spent shale derived from a gasifier. Typically, the raw shale is Eastern U.S. shale and the pyrolyzer includes a fluidized bed. The pyrolyzed shale having given up its oil and volatile hydrocarbons, rises to the top of the fluidized bed of raw shale where it is transferred to the gasifier. Oxygen and steam are supplied to the gasifier. This composite gas reacts with the carbon of the pyrolyzed shale in a fluidized bed to produce synthesis or fuel gas. The oxygen is supplied in such quantities as not to react completely with the carbon in the pyrolyzed shale. The steam reacts with the excess of carbon. Predominantly hydrogen and carbon monoxide are produced; in addition there is a smaller quantity of carbon dioxide and methane. This hot fuel gas is transferred to the pyrolyzer. In addition, hot spent shale is transferred to the pyrolyzer. The hot fuel gas fluidizes the raw shale in the pyrolyzer. The hot gas and the hot spent shale heat the raw shale separating the shale oil and product gas including volatile hydrocarbons. The oil is condensed and collected, the fuel gas is collected for utilization in the above process and also for other purposes.
摘要翻译： 原始页岩被供应到热解器，在那里它被燃料气体热解，并且来自气化器的热的废页岩被热解。 通常，原始页岩是东美国页岩，热解器包括流化床。 已经放弃其油和挥发性烃类的热解页岩上升到原始页岩流化床的顶部，在此被转移到气化炉。 氧气和蒸汽供应给气化器。 该复合气体在流化床中与热解页岩的碳气反应产生合成或燃料气体。 氧气的供应量不得与热解页岩中的碳完全反应。 蒸汽与过量的碳反应。 主要产生氢气和一氧化碳; 另外还有少量的二氧化碳和甲烷。 这种热燃气转移到热解器。 此外，热的页岩被转移到热解器。 热燃料气体在热解器中流化原始页岩。 热气和热废页岩加热了页岩油和包括挥发性烃类在内的产物气分离的原始页岩。 油被浓缩和收集，燃料气体被收集用于上述过程中并用于其它目的。
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