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公开(公告)号：US5095913A
公开(公告)日：1992-03-17
申请号：US522208
申请日：1990-05-11
CPC分类号： G01N21/3504 , A61B5/083 , G01J1/24 , G01J5/12 , G01N2021/3166 , G01N2201/126
摘要： Methods and apparatus for constructing optically stabilized, shutterless infrared capnographs are disclosed. The capnographs of the present invention provide the absolute concentration of the constituents of the respiratory airstream of a patient, without the thermal drift problems normally associated with thermopile detectors, thereby providing a device with a high degree of accuracy. The present invention eliminates the need for a mechanical shutter to modulate the incident infrared beam and the need for a modulated source, thereby increasing the reliability and response time of the devices disclosed. Capnographs which are substantially unaffected by changes in the ambient temperature at which they operate are provided by connecting pairs of optically filtered thermopiles in series and processing the resulting differential pair.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于构造光学稳定的无闸门红外捕集仪的方法和装置。 本发明的血氧监护仪提供了患者的呼吸气流的成分的绝对浓度，而没有通常与热电堆检测器相关的热漂移问题，从而提供高精度的装置。 本发明不需要机械快门来调制入射的红外光束和调制源的需要，从而增加所公开的设备的可靠性和响应时间。 基本上不受其工作环境温度变化影响的测井仪通过串联连接成对的光学过滤的热电堆并处理所得的差分对来提供。
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公开(公告)号：US5146414A
公开(公告)日：1992-09-08
申请号：US510897
申请日：1990-04-18
申请人： Russel McKown , Mark Yelderman , Michael Quinn
发明人： Russel McKown , Mark Yelderman , Michael Quinn
IPC分类号： A61B5/028 , A61B5/026 , A61B5/0275 , G01F1/712
CPC分类号： G01F1/712 , A61B5/026 , A61B5/7257
摘要： Method and apparatus for adapting the volumetric flow rate measurement system taught by Yelderman in U.S. Pat. No. 4,507,974 to clinical environments by reducing the effects of physiological noise. Signal processing techniques are used to characterize the background noise power spectrum of the system under test so that the effect of noise aberrations on the measured data may be eliminated and so that the predominant periodicities of the background noise spectra may be avoided. The invention further cross-correlates the input data of the system with the corresponding ouput data of the system to determine weighting values for each input frequency so that data collected at noisy frequencies is discounted. Low frequency noise or drift is also removed from the output signal by fitting the average of the output data to a quadratic function which is then subtracted from the original output signal, point by point. Finally, the processed data is fit to a lagged normal normal distribution curve in the frequency domain to solve for the parameters necessary to mathematically model the transfer function of the system. Given the input to the system as well as the frequency domain transfer function and noise data of the system, the volumetric flow of the system then may be determined for virtually any input even in very noisy environments without knowledge of the volume of the system.
摘要翻译： 用于适应Yelderman教授的体积流量测量系统的方法和装置， 通过减少生理噪音的影响，临床环境的4,507,974号。 信号处理技术用于表征被测系统的背景噪声功率谱，从而可以消除噪声像差对测量数据的影响，从而可以避免背景噪声谱的主要周期。 本发明还将系统的输入数据与系统的相应输出数据相互关联，以确定每个输入频率的加权值，使得以嘈杂频率收集的数据被打折扣。 低频噪声或漂移也通过将输出数据的平均值拟合为二次函数从输出信号中去除，然后从原始输出信号逐点减去。 最后，处理后的数据适合于频域的滞后正态分布曲线，以解决数学建模系统传递函数所需的参数。 给定系统的输入以及系统的频域传递函数和噪声数据，然后即使在非常嘈杂的环境中也可以确定几乎任何输入的系统的体积流量，而不了解系统的体积。
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公开(公告)号：US5159936A
公开(公告)日：1992-11-03
申请号：US570205
申请日：1990-08-17
IPC分类号： A61B5/01 , A61B20060101 , A61B1/227 , A61B5/00 , G01J20060101 , G01J5/04 , G01J5/06 , G01J5/10 , G01J5/12 , G01J5/14 , G01K11/00 , G01K13/00
CPC分类号： G01J5/04 , A61B1/227 , G01J5/02 , G01J5/028 , G01J5/08 , G01J5/0812 , G01J5/0862 , G01J2005/066 , G01J2005/068 , G01J5/045 , G01J5/049 , G01J5/14
摘要： A noncontact infrared tympanic thermometer which does not require environmental stabilization or waveguide temperature control because it utilizes an optically stabilized infrared detector for detecting the infrared energy emitted by the tympanic membrane. The optical stabilization renders the instrument insensitive to ambient temperature effects and allows it to read true tympanic membrane temperatures unaffected by the temperature of the side walls of the detector package. This selectivity is accomplished by locating a neutral density filter over half of the optical aperture of the detector package such that the neutral density filter "shadows" only one of two thermopile channels for detecting the infrared energy emitted by the tympanic membrane. The two thermopile channels are connected in series opposition such that any optical signal equally present in both channels will yield a zero net output. Since the infrared energy emitted by the walls of the detector package reach each detector equally, the effects of these emissions on the temperature measurement are eliminated. The neutral density filter prevents the energy from the tympanic membrane from falling equally on the two thermopile detectors and similarly cancelling. Instead, the resulting differential signal may be processed along with the ambient temperature signal to determine the temperature of the tympanic membrane. The infrared detector of the invention may also be incorporated into an otoscope.
摘要翻译： 一种非接触红外鼓膜温度计，其不需要环境稳定或波导温度控制，因为它使用光学稳定的红外检测器来检测由鼓膜发射的红外能量。 光学稳定化使仪器对环境温度的影响不敏感，并允许其读取不受检测器封装侧壁温度影响的真实鼓膜温度。 这种选择性是通过将中性密度滤光片定位在检测器封装的光学孔径的一半上来实现的，使得中性密度滤光器仅“阴影”两个热电堆通道中的一个，用于检测由鼓膜发射的红外能量。 两个热电堆通道串联连接，使得两个通道中同样存在的任何光信号将产生零净输出。 由于检测器组件的壁发射的红外能量均匀地到达每个检测器，所以消除了这些排放对温度测量的影响。 中性密度过滤器防止鼓膜的能量均匀地下降到两个热电堆检测器上并且类似地消除。 相反，所得到的差分信号可以与环境温度信号一起被处理以确定鼓膜的温度。 本发明的红外检测器也可以结合到耳镜中。
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公开(公告)号：US5081998A
公开(公告)日：1992-01-21
申请号：US522177
申请日：1990-05-11
CPC分类号： A61B5/083 , G01N21/3504 , G01J1/24 , G01J5/12 , G01N2021/3166 , G01N2201/126
摘要： Improved infrared detectors for use in device such as capnographs are provided. A preferred embodiment of an infrared detector of the invention is comprised of paired thermopiles, connect in opposed relation to each other, which are preceded by an analytical or reference filter for passing a desired wavelength and a neutral density filter in the optical path of one of the thermopiles in the pair. The difference between the outputs can be used to eliminate the effects of background thermal noise, thereby improving performance of the detector. Preferably, a reference channel and an analytical channel are provided so that the respective differences between the detectors in each pair can be used to further cancel the effects of background thermal noise.
摘要翻译： 提供了改进的红外探测器，用于诸如盖帽仪等设备。 本发明的红外检测器的一个优选实施例由成对的热电堆组成，它们彼此相对地连接，其前面是用于使所需波长传递的分析或参考滤波器，以及在 这对热电堆。 输出之间的差异可以用于消除背景热噪声的影响，从而提高检测器的性能。 优选地，提供参考通道和分析通道，使得可以使用每对中的检测器之间的相应差异来进一步抵消背景热噪声的影响。
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公开(公告)号：US5193543A
公开(公告)日：1993-03-16
申请号：US865774
申请日：1992-04-06
申请人： Mark Yelderman
发明人： Mark Yelderman
IPC分类号： A61B5/00
CPC分类号： A61B5/14551
摘要： A method and apparatus for non-invasively measuring blood constituent concentration and particularly the oxygen saturation of arterial blood. The apparatus includes at least one light source directed to a tissue area of a patient, such as a finger or earlobe. A photodetector receives emitted light passing through the sample, and a receiver circuit analyzes the data and produces an output which is proportional to the oxygen content of blood. The light source is modulated onto a preselected carrier frequency and the receiver circuit is tuned to the carrier frequency so that undesired signals such as ambient light can be filtered out leaving only the signals created by the emitted light passing through the tissue at the light source frequency. The oxygen content is then calculated using the patient's known red cell count, thereby correcting the final saturation value for patient anemia. Moreover, the calculation for oxygen saturation incorporates red cell scattering parameters for increased accuracy in clinical environments.
摘要翻译： 用于非侵入性地测量血液成分浓度，特别是动脉血的氧饱和度的方法和装置。 该装置包括至少一个光源，其指向患者的组织区域，例如手指或耳垂。 光电检测器接收通过样品的发射光，并且接收器电路分析数据并产生与血液的氧含量成比例的输出。 光源被调制到预选的载波频率上，并且接收器电路被调谐到载波频率，使得不期望的信号例如环境光可以被滤出，留下仅由发射的光产生的信号通过组织在光源频率 。 然后使用患者已知的红细胞计数计算氧含量，从而校正患者贫血的最终饱和度值。 此外，氧饱和度的计算结合红细胞散射参数，以提高临床环境的准确性。
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公开(公告)号：US5067492A
公开(公告)日：1991-11-26
申请号：US564179
申请日：1990-08-07
CPC分类号： A61B5/0836 , A61B5/097
摘要： A disposable endotracheal airway adapter for use in proximity of a patient's mouth in the measurement of the concentraton of respiratory gases. The disposable airway adapter of the invention provides a conduit for patient respiratory gases and allows the passage of infrared radiation through the gases for measuring the constituent concentration of the respiratory gases while keeping the patient gases from coming in contact with the analyzer mechanism. The body of the airway adapter is designed to connect in series with the airway tubing which connects a patient to a mechanical respirator or anesthesia breathing circuit. The body of the airway adapter is very light in weight and is formed of inexpensive material such as polyethylene or polypropylene so that it may be manufactured inexpensively and discarded after each use. An inexpensive optical window in the adapter is also formed of material such as polyethylene or polypropylene so that the gas analyzer can pass light into the sample for analysis. Preferably, the optical windows of the invention are made of the same material as the adapter body. Since the adapter of the invention may be disposed of after use on a single patient, sterilization expenses and cross-contamination may be minimized. Also, calibrating integrity is maintained through a calibration process which accounts for the non-linearity of the absorption spectra of the window material in the region of interest.
摘要翻译： 用于测量呼吸气体浓度的患者口腔附近的一次性气管插管气道适配器。 本发明的一次性气道适配器提供用于患者呼吸气体的导管，并允许红外辐射通过气体，用于测量呼吸气体的组成浓度，同时保持患者气体不与分析器机构接触。 气道适配器的主体设计成与将患者连接到机械呼吸器或麻醉呼吸回路的气道管串联连接。 气道适配器的主体重量非常轻，并且由诸如聚乙烯或聚丙烯的廉价材料形成，使得可以在每次使用后廉价地制造和丢弃。 适配器中的廉价的光学窗口也由诸如聚乙烯或聚丙烯的材料形成，使得气体分析仪可以将光通过样品进行分析。 优选地，本发明的光学窗口由与适配器主体相同的材料制成。 由于本发明的适配器可以在使用后在单个患者身上处理，因此可以使灭菌费用和交叉污染最小化。 此外，校准完整性通过考虑到感兴趣区域中窗口材料的吸收光谱的非线性的校准过程来维持。
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公开(公告)号：US4830014A
公开(公告)日：1989-05-16
申请号：US70619
申请日：1987-07-07
CPC分类号： A61B5/6819 , A61B5/02427 , A61B5/14552 , A61B5/6826 , A61B5/6838
摘要： A sensor for trans-illumination of a blood perfused portion of flesh to measure light extinction during trans-illumination is disclosed. The sensor is preferably mounted on a fingertip but any digit or blood perfused portion of flesh will work. The sensor includes a first end for disposition on one side of the trans-illuminated flesh and a second end for disposition on the opposite and opposed side of the trans-illuminated flesh. A light source is mounted to the first side and a photo-sensor is mounted to the second side. If an elongated flexible strip is used, it is provided with adhesive and is suitably windowed that light is allowed to take an optical path through the finger. If no flexible strip is used, the two ends are aligned and secured to the flesh such that the light emitted takes an optical path through the finger. When the adhesive fastener is used, the effect of the light source and photo-detector substrates being integrated into the adhesive fastener is that they become, in effect, a part of the skin. The resulting device is resistant to accidental removal and avoids constriction of blood vessels. Most importantly, the low mass of the sensor itself and its conformance to, so as to effectively become a part of, the skin, prevents relative motion between the light source and sensor and the perfused flesh. This eliminates the common interference associated with the operation of conventional plethysmographs and oximeters.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于反射照射血液灌注部分肉的传感器，以测量反照射期间的光消光。 传感器优选地安装在指尖上，但任何数字或血液灌注部分的肉将起作用。 传感器包括用于配置在反照照肉的一侧上的第一端和用于配置在反照照肉的相对侧上的第二端。 光源安装到第一侧，并且光传感器安装到第二侧。 如果使用细长的柔性条，则其具有粘合剂，并且适当地被窗口化，使得允许光穿过手指的光路。 如果没有使用柔性条，则两端对准并固定在肉体上，使得所发出的光线穿过手指的光路。 当使用粘合紧固件时，将光源和光检测器基底整合到粘合紧固件中的效果是它们实际上成为皮肤的一部分。 所产生的装置能够防止意外移除并避免血管收缩。 最重要的是，传感器本身的低质量及其与皮肤有效成为其一部分的一致性可防止光源和传感器与灌注液体之间的相对运动。 这消除了与常规体积描记器和血氧计的操作相关的常见干扰。
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