公开(公告)号：US5113094A

公开(公告)日：1992-05-12

申请号：US492763

申请日：1990-03-13

Applicant: Martin I. Grace ,  Peter M. Kapetanic ,  Eric C. Liu

Inventor： Martin I. Grace ,  Peter M. Kapetanic ,  Eric C. Liu

IPC: H03D7/02

CPC classification number: H03D7/02

Abstract: A method and apparatus comprising a sampler frequency converter having a first and a second diode. A local oscillator having a frequency F.sub.LO, a step recovery diode and a balun transformer are used for providing positive and negative sampling pulses to the diodes for sampling an input signal applied to the diodes having a frequency F.sub.IN. An output signal is provided by the diodes having a frequency F.sub.OUT which is defined by the relationship F.sub.OUT .vertline.F.sub.IN .+-.N.times.F.sub.LO .vertline. where N is an integer harmonic number 1, 2, 3 . . . and the output signal has an amplitude which varies as a function of (sin x)/x where x=F.sub.IN. A bandpass filter is provided which is responsive to the output signal for filtering a predetermined band of frequencies therefrom and a bias circuit is provided for forward biasing the diodes so that the frequency F.sub.IN of said input signal at which nulls occur in said (sin x)/x relationship occur at a lower frequency after said biasing than before said biasing.

Abstract translation: 一种包括具有第一和第二二极管的采样器频率转换器的方法和装置。 具有频率FLO，阶跃恢复二极管和平衡不平衡变压器的本地振荡器用于向二极管提供正和负采样脉冲，以对施加到具有频率FIN的二极管的输入信号进行采样。 输出信号由具有频率FOUT的二极管提供，频率FOUT由关系FOUT|FIN +/- NxFLO|定义，其中N是整数谐波数1,2,3。 。 。 并且输出信号具有作为（sin x）/ x的函数而变化的幅度，其中x = FIN。 提供带通滤波器，其响应于输出信号用于滤波预定的频带，并且提供偏置电路用于正向偏置二极管，使得所述输入信号的频率FIN在所述（sin x） / x关系发生在所述偏压之后的较低频率，而不是在所述偏压之前。

公开(公告)号：US5059915A

公开(公告)日：1991-10-22

申请号：US444711

申请日：1989-12-01

Applicant: Martin I. Grace ,  Peter M. Kapetanic

Inventor： Martin I. Grace ,  Peter M. Kapetanic

IPC: G01R27/28

CPC classification number: G01R27/28

Abstract: A vector network analyzer comprising a circuit for measuring the real and imaginary components of the central spectral line in an RF pulse from a device-under-test is provided. The circuit comprises a modulator in response to a profiling pulse for modulating the amplitude of the RF pulse, mixers for down-converting the frequency of the amplitude modulated RF pulse, a narrow band filter for filtering the RF pulse having a bandwidth of 500 Hz and a synchronous detector responsive to the output of the crystal filter for providing a pair of dc outputs, which correspond to the real and imaginary components of the output of the device under test as the profiling pulse is shifted in time relative to the RF pulse.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种矢量网络分析器，其包括用于测量来自被测器件的RF脉冲中的中心谱线的实部和虚部的电路。 该电路包括响应于用于调制RF脉冲的幅度的轮廓脉冲的调制器，用于下变频调幅RF脉冲的频率的混频器，用于滤波具有500Hz带宽的RF脉冲的窄带滤波器，以及 响应于晶体滤波器的输出的同步检测器，用于提供一对直流输出，其对应于随着仿真脉冲相对于RF脉冲在时间上移位而被测器件的输出的实部和虚部分量。

公开(公告)号：US06335705B1

公开(公告)日：2002-01-01

申请号：US09587540

申请日：2000-06-01

Applicant: Martin I. Grace ,  Ramzi Abou-Jaoude ,  Karam Noujeim

Inventor： Martin I. Grace ,  Ramzi Abou-Jaoude ,  Karam Noujeim

IPC: H01Q132

CPC classification number: H01Q1/3233 ,  G01S7/4017 ,  G01S7/4026 ,  G01S7/4052 ,  G01S2007/403 ,  G01S2007/4034 ,  G01S2007/4065 ,  G01S2007/4086 ,  G01S2007/4095 ,  H01Q21/061

Abstract: Two receive antennas integrated with power detectors are used to align the thrust vector of a vehicle to the boresite of an automotive radar antenna mounted upon the vehicle. In the system, a signal is transmitted from the radar antenna to the Radar Test System (RTS) positioned as an amplitude only interferometer for testing the radar. Signals received by the RTS antennas are provided to amplitude detectors for generation of amplitude plots of a difference signal, or alternative signal, for display. The boresite angle of the radar antenna is then adjusted until the amplitude of the difference signal, or alternative signal, reaches a minimum to align the radar antenna boresite with the vehicle thrust vector. Additional pairs of receive antennas and detectors may be used to provide boresite alignment both in azimuth and elevation.

Abstract translation: 与功率检测器集成的两个接收天线用于将车辆的推力矢量与安装在车辆上的汽车雷达天线的波峰相对。 在该系统中，信号从雷达天线传输到雷达测试系统（RTS），该雷达测试系统定位为仅用于测量雷达的仅幅度干涉仪。 由RTS天线接收的信号被提供给幅度检测器，用于产生用于显示的差分信号或替代信号的幅度图。 然后调整雷达天线的波峰角，直到差信号或替代信号的振幅达到最小值，以将雷达天线峰值与车辆推力矢量对准。 可以使用附加的接收天线和检测器对来提供在方位角和仰角上的布氏体对准。

公开(公告)号：US06169410A

公开(公告)日：2001-01-02

申请号：US09189091

申请日：1998-11-09

Applicant: Martin I. Grace ,  William W. Oldfield

Inventor： Martin I. Grace ,  William W. Oldfield

IPC: G01R3102

CPC classification number: G01R1/06772

Abstract: A wafer probe with built in components to perform frequency multiplication, upconversion, downconversion, and mixing typically performed by an RF module of a vector network analyzer (VNA). The wafer probe is designed for testing integrated circuits used in collision avoidance radar systems and operates over the 76-77 GHz frequency range allocated by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for collision avoidance radars. To minimize costs, the wafer probe preferably utilizes integrated circuits for frequency multiplication, upconversion, downconversion, and mixing manufactured for collision avoidance radar systems.

Abstract translation: 具有内置元件的晶圆探针，用于执行通常由矢量网络分析仪（VNA）的RF模块执行的倍频，上变频，下变频和混频。 晶圆探头被设计用于测试避雷雷达系统中使用的集成电路，并在联邦通信委员会（FCC）为避免碰撞雷达分配的76-77 GHz频率范围内运行。 为了最小化成本，晶片探针优选地利用用于避碰雷达系统制造的用于倍频，上变频，下变频和混频的集成电路。

公开(公告)号：US5920281A

公开(公告)日：1999-07-06

申请号：US946143

申请日：1997-10-07

Applicant: Martin I. Grace

Inventor： Martin I. Grace

IPC: G01S7/02 ,  G01S7/40 ,  G01S13/34 ,  G01S13/93

CPC classification number: G01S7/4052 ,  G01S13/931 ,  G01S7/4056 ,  G01S13/34 ,  G01S2007/4082

Abstract: A radar test system for testing a collision avoidance radar system. The radar test system includes circuitry to downconvert a signal from the collision avoidance radar to an intermediate frequency signal, to delay the intermediate frequency signal to simulate the delay of a return signal from an object located a particular distance from the collision avoidance radar system, and to upconvert and transmit the intermediate frequency signal back to the collision avoidance radar system to determine if the collision avoidance radar system provides accurate distance readings. The radar test system further couples the intermediate frequency signal to a spectrum analyzer. The spectrum analyzer can be used to determine if the collision avoidance radar system is operating within the 76-77 GHz frequency band allocated by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The radar test system further couples the intermediate frequency signal to a power meter. The power meter can be utilized to determine the power of the signal transmitted from the collision avoidance radar system.

Abstract translation: 一种用于测试避碰雷达系统的雷达测试系统。 雷达测试系统包括将来自防撞雷达的信号下变频到中频信号的电路，以延迟中频信号以模拟来自位于与碰撞避免雷达系统特定距离的物体的返回信号的延迟;以及 将中频信号上变频并发送回避雷系统，以确定避碰雷达系统是否提供准确的距离读数。 雷达测试系统还将中频信号耦合到频谱分析仪。 频谱分析仪可用于确定碰撞避免雷达系统是否在由联邦通信委员会（FCC）分配的76-77 GHz频段内运行。 雷达测试系统还将中频信号耦合到功率计。 功率计可用于确定从避碰雷达系统传输的信号的功率。

公开(公告)号：US06700531B2

公开(公告)日：2004-03-02

申请号：US10198451

申请日：2002-07-17

Applicant: Ramzi Abou-Jaoude ,  Donald Bradley ,  Karam Noujeim ,  David Geller ,  Martin I. Grace

Inventor： Ramzi Abou-Jaoude ,  Donald Bradley ,  Karam Noujeim ,  David Geller ,  Martin I. Grace

IPC: H01S740

CPC classification number: G01S7/4052 ,  G01S13/931 ,  G01S2007/4095

Abstract: An automotive radar test system includes circuitry for multiple down and up conversions of a signal from the automotive radar. Conditioning circuitry delays an intermediate frequency signal (IF2) obtained after a second down conversion to simulate the delay of a return signal from an object located a particular distance from the automotive radar, and to attenuate the IF2 signal to simulate variable target sizes, and to generate a Doppler shift in the IF2 signal to simulate target speed. The conditioned signal is up-converted and transmitted back to the automotive radar system to determine if the automotive radar provides accurate readings for distance, size and speed. The radar test system further couples the second IF signal to a spectrum analyzer to determine if the automotive radar is operating in the desired bandwidth and to a power meter to determine if the automotive radar is transmitting at a desired power level.

Abstract translation: 汽车雷达测试系统包括用于来自汽车雷达的信号的多次下降和转换的电路。 调节电路延迟在第二次下变频之后获得的中频信号（IF2）以模拟来自位于距离汽车雷达的特定距离的物体的返回信号的延迟，并且衰减IF2信号以模拟可变目标尺寸，并且 在IF2信号中产生多普勒频移以模拟目标速度。 调节信号被升压转换并传输回汽车雷达系统，以确定汽车雷达是否提供距离，尺寸和速度的精确读数。 雷达测试系统还将第二IF信号耦合到频谱分析仪，以确定汽车雷达是否以期望的带宽运行，并且确定汽车雷达是否以期望的功率水平传输。

公开(公告)号：US6087995A

公开(公告)日：2000-07-11

申请号：US252492

申请日：1999-02-17

Applicant: Martin I. Grace ,  Donald A. Bradley

Inventor： Martin I. Grace ,  Donald A. Bradley

IPC: G01S7/40 ,  H01Q1/32 ,  H01Q21/06

CPC classification number: H01Q1/3233 ,  G01S7/4017 ,  G01S7/4026 ,  G01S7/4052 ,  H01Q21/061 ,  G01S2007/403 ,  G01S2007/4034 ,  G01S2007/4065 ,  G01S2007/4086 ,  G01S2007/4095

Abstract: An automobile collision avoidance radar antenna alignment system includes a first interferometer (506) with antennas (501) and (503) for alignment along an azimuth (x) axis of the collision avoidance radar antenna, and a second interferometer (508) with antennas (502) and (504) for alignment along an elevation (y) axis of the collision avoidance radar. Difference azimuth (.DELTA..sub.AZ) and difference elevation (.DELTA..sub.EL) outputs of the interferometers (506) and (508) are added (.DELTA..sub.T =.DELTA..sub.AZ +.DELTA..sub.EL) with the amplitude of (.DELTA..sub.T) provided at a power detector (526). Sum azimuth (.SIGMA..sub.AZ) and sum elevation (.SIGMA..sub.AZ) are added (.SIGMA..sub.T =.SIGMA..sub.AZ +.SIGMA..sub.EL) with the amplitude of (.SIGMA..sub.T) provided to a power detector (547). To align a collision avoidance radar antenna, the antennas of the antenna alignment system are positioned with a centerline parallel to the thrust vector of the automobile using a laser beam fixture 204. Azimuth and elevation translation errors (.DELTA.x) and (.DELTA.y) between antennas of the antenna alignment system and the antenna of the collision avoidance radar are removed by moving the antenna alignment system until the total difference signal (.DELTA..sub.T) is a minimum. The angle (.alpha.) between the boresite of the collision avoidance radar antenna and the thrust vector of the automobile is set to zero by adjusting the collision avoidance radar antenna until the total sum signal (.SIGMA..sub.T) is a maximum.

Abstract translation: 汽车碰撞避免雷达天线对准系统包括：具有天线（501）和（503）的第一干涉仪（506），用于沿着防撞雷达天线的方位角（x）轴线对准;以及第二干涉仪（508），其具有天线 502）和（504），用于沿着防撞雷达的高度（y）轴进行对准。 在功率检测器（526）处提供具有（DELTA T）幅度的干涉仪（506）和（508）的差分方位角（DELTA AZ）和差分高程（DELTA EL）输出（DELTA T = DELTA AZ + DELTA EL） ）。 加上方位角（SIGMA AZ）和总高程（SIGMA AZ）（SIGMA T = SIGMA AZ + SIGMA EL），其幅度为（SIGMA T）提供给功率检测器（547）。 为了对准碰撞避免雷达天线，使用激光束固定装置204将天线对准系统的天线定位成与汽车的推力矢量平行的中心线。方位角和仰角平移误差（DELTA x）和（DELTA y） 通过移动天线对准系统直到总差分信号（DELTA T）为最小值来去除天线对准系统的天线和避碰雷达的天线。 避碰雷达天线的射孔与汽车的推力矢量之间的角度（α）通过调整避雷雷达天线直到总和信号（SIGMA T）最大为止设置为零。

公开(公告)号：US5524281A

公开(公告)日：1996-06-04

申请号：US400458

申请日：1995-03-07

Applicant: Donald A. Bradley ,  Martin I. Grace ,  Douglas R. Thornton ,  David P. Finch

Inventor： Donald A. Bradley ,  Martin I. Grace ,  Douglas R. Thornton ,  David P. Finch

IPC: G01R27/28 ,  H04B17/00

CPC classification number: G01R27/28

Abstract: A measurement system is provided which comprises: source circuit for receiving feedback signals and for providing respective signals at respective discrete frequencies in a prescribed microwave frequency range, wherein the respective provided signals at respective discrete frequencies are substantially phase locked to at least one downconverted signal in response to the feedback signals; downconverting circuit for linearly downconverting the respective provided signals and for providing the at least one respective downconverted signal; and phase detector circuit for receiving the at least one respective downconverted signal and for providing the feedback signals.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种测量系统，其包括：源电路，用于接收反馈信号并用于在规定的微波频率范围内的相应离散频率处提供各个信号，其中各个离散频率处的相应提供的信号基本上锁相至至少一个下变频信号 响应反馈信号; 下变频电路，用于对各个提供的信号进行线性下变频，并提供至少一个相应的下变频信号; 以及相位检测器电路，用于接收至少一个相应的下变频信号并提供反馈信号。

公开(公告)号：US06329952B1

公开(公告)日：2001-12-11

申请号：US09587539

申请日：2000-06-01

Applicant: Martin I. Grace

Inventor： Martin I. Grace

IPC: H01Q132

CPC classification number: H01Q1/3233 ,  G01S7/4017 ,  G01S7/4026 ,  G01S7/4052 ,  G01S2007/403 ,  G01S2007/4034 ,  G01S2007/4065 ,  G01S2007/4086 ,  G01S2007/4095 ,  H01Q21/061

Abstract: A transponder (200) is attached to a laser alignment fixture (210) and used to align an automobile collision avoidance radar antenna boresite with the thrust vector of the vehicle. The alignment fixture (210) has attached reflectors for alignment with two laser beams. To align the collision avoidance radar, the transponder (200) is positioned along the thrust vector of the automobile using a first laser beam (203) aligned perpendicular to a wheel axle. The first laser beam (203) is aligned when transmitted from the wheel axle onto a first piece of reflective material attached to the alignment fixture (210). A second laser (216) is provided parallel to the centerline of the collision avoidance radar antenna to remove azimuth and elevation translation errors between the transponder antenna centerline and the collision avoidance radar antenna centerline. The second laser beam (216) is aligned when transmitted from the automobile onto a second piece of reflective material attached to the alignment fixture (210). The transponder (200) is then used to zero an angle (&agr;) between the electrical boresite of the collision avoidance radar antenna and the boresite of the transponder antenna. The angle (&agr;) is set to zero by adjusting the automobile collision avoidance radar antenna until a processor in the collision avoidance radar indicates the angle a is zero.

Abstract translation: 应答器（200）附接到激光对准夹具（210），并用于将汽车防撞雷达天线峰值与车辆的推力矢量对准。 对准夹具（210）具有附接的反射器，用于与两个激光束对准。 为了对准避碰雷达，应答器（200）使用垂直于轮轴对准的第一激光束（203）沿着汽车的推力向量定位。 当从轮轴传送到连接到对准夹具（210）的第一片反光材料上时，第一激光束（203）对准。 平行于避碰雷达天线的中心线提供第二激光器（216），以消除应答器天线中心线和避雷雷达天线中心线之间的方位角和仰角平移误差。 当从汽车传送到连接到对准夹具（210）的第二反射材料上时，第二激光束（216）被对准。 然后，应答器（200）用于消除避碰雷达天线的电峰值与应答器天线的波峰之间的角度（α）。 通过调整汽车碰撞避免雷达天线将角度（α）设置为零，直到碰撞避免雷达中的处理器指示角度a为零。

公开(公告)号：US5715183A

公开(公告)日：1998-02-03

申请号：US681939

申请日：1996-07-29

Applicant: Martin I. Grace ,  William W. Oldfield

Inventor： Martin I. Grace ,  William W. Oldfield

IPC: G01R27/28 ,  G01R35/00

CPC classification number: G01R27/28 ,  G01R35/00

Abstract: A calibration technique for a vector network analyzer (VNA) enabling calibration standards to be included internal to the VNA. To calibrate the VNA utilizing the internal calibration standards, error terms a, b and c of two two-port error boxes E are defined between the measurement ports and the reflectometer of the VNA wherein a=-det(E), b=e00 and c=e10. Error terms a, b and c are determined by measuring external calibration standards with known reflection coefficients connected directly to the measurement ports. Reflection coefficients for internal calibration standards are then determined using the error terms a, b and c to enable future automatic calibrations. To measure S-parameters of an arbitrary device under test (DUT), one embodiment of the present invention uses the Ferrero technique to measure a reciprocal thru with estimated S.sub.21 characteristics connected between ports A and B to determine an additional error term .alpha. for the error boxes E, where .alpha.=e01.sub.A /e.sub.01B.

Abstract translation: 用于矢量网络分析仪（VNA）的校准技术，使校准标准能够包含在VNA的内部。 为了使用内部校准标准校准VNA，在测量端口和VNA的反射计之间定义了两个双端口误差盒E的误差项a，b和c，其中a = -det（E），b = e00和 c = e10。 误差项a，b和c通过测量具有直接连接到测量端口的已知反射系数的外部校准标准来确定。 然后使用误差项a，b和c确定内部校准标准的反射系数，以启用将来的自动校准。 为了测量被测设备（DUT）的S参数，本发明的一个实施例使用费雷罗技术来测量与端口A和B之间连接的估计S21特性的倒数，以确定误差的附加误差项α 盒E，其中α= e01A / e01B。