摘要:
An electrophotographic light-receiving member comprises a conductive substrate and a light-receiving layer having a photoconductive layer and a surface layer which are successively layered on the conductive substrate, wherein;the photoconductive layer is comprised of a non-monocrystalline material mainly composed of a silicon atom and containing at least a carbon atom, a hydrogen atom and a fluorine atom;the surface layer is mainly composed of a silicon atom and contains a carbon atom, a hydrogen atom and a halogen atom;the carbon atom in the photoconductive layer is in a non-uniform content in the layer thickness direction and in a higher content on the side of the conductive substrate and in a lower content on the side of the surface layer at every point in the layer thickness direction, and is in a content of from 0.5 atomic % to 50 atomic % at, or in the vicinity of, its surface on the side of the conductive substrate and substantially 0% R at, or in the vicinity of, its surface on the side of the surface layer;the fluorine atom in the photoconductive layer is in a content of not more than 95 atomic ppm; andthe hydrogen atom in the photoconductive layer is in a content of from 1 to 40 atomic %.
摘要:
A process for producing a light-receiving member comprising a substrate and provided thereon a blocking layer and a photoconductive layer each comprised of a non-monocrystalline material is disclosed in which the blocking layer is comprised of a non-monocrystalline material comprising silicon atoms as matrix and at least one kind of atoms selected from the group consisting of carbon atoms, oxygen atoms and nitrogen atoms, the process comprising forming the blocking layer and the photoconductive layer by plasma CVD using glow discharge decomposition of a starting material gas caused by applying to the starting material gas an electromagnetic wave with a frequency of from 20 MHz to 450 MHz.
摘要:
A process for producing a light-receiving member comprising a substrate and provided thereon a blocking layer and a photoconductive layer each comprised of a non-monocrystalline material is disclosed in which the blocking layer is comprised of a non-monocrystalline material comprising silicon atoms as matrix and at least one kind of atoms selected from the group consisting of carbon atoms, oxygen atoms and nitrogen atoms, the process comprising forming the blocking layer and the photoconductive layer by plasma CVD using glow discharge decomposition of a starting material gas caused by applying to the starting material gas an electromagnetic wave with a frequency of from 20 MHz to 450 MHz.
摘要:
An electrophotographic light-receiving member comprising a conductive substrate 101 and laminated thereto a non-monocrystalline material photoconductive layer 102 and a surface layer 103. The photoconductive layer 102 is mainly composed of silicon atoms and contains at least carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms. The percentage of carbon atoms having a carbon-carbon bond in the photoconductive layer is controlled to be not more than 60% based on the whole carbon atoms contained therein, and, in an instance in which a blocking layer 104 is provided between the conductive substrate 101 and the photoconductive layer 102, the percentage of carbon atoms having a carbon-carbon bond in the blocking layer is also controlled. This makes it possible to prevent clusters of carbon atoms from being formed in the photoconductive layer or blocking layer. Making the carbon atoms have a uniform distribution in the silicon film enables improvement in electrophotographic performances such as charge performance, sensitivity, residual potential, ghost-free properties, etc.
摘要:
An original image including a line area and image areas separated from each other across the line area is subjected to a thinning process, whereby an iamge (10a) including a thinned line area (1a) and enlarged image areas (2a, 3a, 4a) is obtained. The enlarged image areas are sequentially expanded by a width of the thinned line area to form respective tint areas, and tint pattern data expressing respective shapes of the tint areas with prescribed colors are obtained.
摘要:
An aqueous coal slurry composition is provided which comprises:(a) at least one compound selected from (a-1) a polyether polyol compound prepared by adding ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide to an active hydrogen-containing compound, (a-2) a compound prepared by esterifying compound (a-1), (a-3) a compound prepared by phosphating, sulfating or carboxyalkylating compound (a-1) or a salt thereof, (a-4) a compound prepared by crosslinking compound (a-1) with a crosslinking agent, (a-5) a compound prepared by reacting compound (a-1) with epihalohydrin and (a-6) an isocyanate-terminated compound prepared by reacting compound (a-1) with a polyvalent isocyanate,(b) at least one surface active agent selected from (b-1) a sulfonation product of naphthalene or its salt or an aliphatic aldehyde addition condensate thereof, (b-2) an aliphatic aldehyde condensate of a sulfonic acid group-containing aminotriazine or its salt and (b-3) a sulfonation product of creosote oil or its salt or an aliphatic aldehyde addition condensate thereof,(c) water and(d) a coal powder.The aqueous coal slurry has good fluidity and static stability.
摘要:
A stabilizer for mixed fuels containing a reaction product obtained by reacting (1) a polyol having at least 3 hydroxyl groups in the molecule and a molecular weight of 400-10,000 with (2) an epihalohydrin, as the principal component.
摘要:
A dispersant for forming an aqueous slurry of coal powder having a good flowability, which comprises as the active ingredient at least one member selected from sulfonation products of polycyclic aromatic compounds which may have a hydrocarbon group as a substituent, salts thereof and formaldehyde condensates thereof.
摘要:
A high-density powdered detergent composition which has a bulk density of 0.6 to 1.2 g/ml and which comprises 0.5 to 30% by weight of (a) a glycine-N,N-diacetic acid derivative, 20 to 50% by weight of (b) an anionic surfactant, 0.5 to 5% by weight of (c) an ether-type nonionic surfactant having an HLB value of 10.5 to 15.0 and 1 to 30% by weight of (d) an aluminosilcate, each percentage being based on the total weight of the composition, and the component (c) being contained in an amount of 0.5 to 10.0 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the component (b). This composition contains both a glycine-N,N-diacetic acid derivative which is a builder excellent in biodegradability and sequestering power and an inorganic builder such as zeolite or crystalline silicate, and exhibits high detergency.
摘要:
To provide an aqueous fabric softener composition, which is excellent in softening performance, elasticity and storage stability, and a quaternary ammonium salt which is useful as a softening base of this composition and nondetrimental to the natural environment because of its excellent biodegradability, and a process for the preparation of this salt.The aqueous fabric softener composition of the present invention comprises from 8 to 40% by weight of a quaternary ammonium salt represented by the following formula (I), a quaternary ammonium salt represented by the following formula (II) or a mixture thereof, and water: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent each a C.sub.1-4 alkyl group, etc.; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 represent each a C.sub.7-35 alkyl group, etc.; and X.sup.- represents an anion group; and ##STR2## wherein R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 represent each a C.sub.1-4 group, etc.; R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 represent each a C.sub.1-5 alkylene group, etc.; R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 represent each a C.sub.8-36 alkyl group, etc.; Q represents a C.sub.2-6 alkylene group; n is from 0 to 10; and X.sup.- represents an anion group.