摘要:
An image forming apparatus having a photosensitive drum and a transfer drum including a transfer member carrying sheet substantially contacting the photosensitive drum. In order to enable a toner image formed on the photosensitive drum to be efficiently transferred to a transfer member, the apparatus has a pressing sheet for outwardly pressing the transfer member carrying sheet from the interior of the transfer drum and a conductive member provided on the side of the pressing sheet adjacent the transfer member carrying sheet. The conductive member serves to realize a uniform distribution of surface potential on the pressing sheet and to maintain the surface potential constant, so that the intensity of the electric field applied to the corona discharge is made constant at a low level so that a stable transfer corona is applied to the transfer member carrying sheet, thus ensuring good quality of the transferred image.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus comprises a photoconductor on which a toner image is formed, an intermediate transfer drum disposed opposite to the photoconductor for holding a sheet on its circumferential surface, and a transfer charger disposed opposite to the photoconductor through the intermediate transfer drum for transferring a toner image from the photoconductor onto a sheet held on the intermediate transfer drum. A separation charger is disposed at a downstream side of the transfer charger in the rotational direction of the intermediate transfer drum for separating the sheet from the intermediate transfer drum, the output of the separation charger being set corresponding to the number of times the toner image is transferred.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member for bearing an electrostatic image; a developer carrying member, opposed to the image bearing member, for carrying a developer containing toner; bias voltage applying device for applying a developing bias voltage to the developer carrying member, the bias voltage satisfying: ##EQU1## V1 (V): a voltage applying force to the toner toward the developer carrying member away from the image bearing member;T1 (sec): a time period of application of the voltage V1;V2 (V): a voltage applying force to the toner away from the developer carrying member toward the image bearing member;T2 (sec): a time period of application of the voltage V2;T3 (V): a time period of application of a voltage V3 which is (V1+V2)/2;d (m): distance between the image bearing member and the developer carrying member.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus comprising an image bearing member on which a toner image is formed, transfer material carrying structure for carrying thereon on a transfer material, a transfer charger for performing an image transfer operation for transferring electrostatically the toner image formed on the image bearing member to the transfer material carried on the transfer material carrying structure at an image transfer position, wherein the transfer charger performs the image transfer operation a plurality of times on the same transfer material, the transfer charger means being supplied with a voltage of a polarity opposite from that of the toner image, and a discharger device, having a first discharger disposed adjacent to the transfer material carrying side of the transfer material carrying structure and a second discharger opposed to the first discharger with the transfer material carrying structure therebetween, wherein the first and second dischargers are not operable during a period between an image transfer onto a transfer material and a successive image transfer onto the same transfer material and during passage of the transfer material between the first and second dischargers, and wherein, during a separating operation for separating the transfer material from the transfer material carrying means, the first and second dischargers acting on the transfer material over its entire surface in the separation period.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member on which a toner image is formed; transfer material carrying member for carrying thereon a transfer material; a transfer device for transferring the toner image from the image bearing member to a transfer material carried on the transfer material carrying member at a transfer position; a discharging device disposed downstream of the transfer position in a movement direction of the transfer material carrying member for acting on the transfer material on the transfer material carrying member corresponding to separation of the transfer material from the transfer material carrying member, the discharging device includes a first discharger, disposed at a transfer material carrying side of the transfer material carrying member and supplied with a voltage having a DC component of a polarity which is the same as the polarity of the toner image upon an image transfer operation.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus including an image bearing member, a developing device for developing a latent image formed on the image bearing member and including a developer carrying member for carrying the developer toward the image bearing member, a toner content detecting device including a reflecting member for receiving light and reflecting a quantity of light corresponding to a reference toner content, a light emitting element and a light receiving element for producing an electric signal in accordance with a quantity of light applied to and received from the reflecting member, and a toner content control device for controlling toner supply to the developing device in accordance with a signal produced by the toner content detecting device. The toner content control device includes a device for storing a ratio of a reference toner content signal to a reference reflection density signal. A toner supply control device is provided for producing a ratio signal representative of a ratio of a toner content signal from the light receiving element to a reflection density signal from the light receiving element, for comparing the ratio signals, and for controlling toner supply to the developing device on the basis of a result of the comparison.
摘要:
A method for manufacturing a wiring board for mounting an electronic component, a wiring board for mounting an electronic component, and a method for manufacturing an electronic-component-mounted wiring board are provided. A bonding material paste, which can include solder and an electric insulation material made of a resin, can be placed on chip mount terminal pads and heated to fuse the solder and soften the electric insulation material. Subsequently, the solder is solidified to form solder bumps. Further, the electric insulation material is cured on a surface of each of the solder bumps and a surface of a multilayer board around each of the solder bumps to form an electric insulation surface layer. Accordingly, when a chip is mounted to such wiring boards, the electric insulation surface layer minimizes or eliminates the connection between adjacent solder bumps during re-fusing of the solder.
摘要:
A spark plug having improved durability having a ground electrode comprised of a ground electrode base member and a noble metal tip. A center axis of the noble metal tip slants in relation to the center axis of the ground electrode base member at angle θ which satisfies a relation 2°≦θ≦25°.
摘要:
Disclosed is a novel cell mass derived from a cancer tissue, which can reflect the in vivo behavior of a cancer cell correctly. Also disclosed is a process for preparing the cell mass. Specifically disclosed is a cell mass derived from a cancer tissue, which is an separated product that is isolated from a cancer tissue obtained from an individual as a mass containing at least three cancer cells or a cultured product of the separated product and which can retain a proliferation ability in vitro. The cell mass derived from a cancer tissue is produced by, for example, a preparation process comprising the steps of: treating a pulverized product of a cancer tissue removed from a living body with an enzyme; and selecting and collecting a mass containing at least three cancer cells among from an enzymatic treatment product.
摘要:
A droplet generation and detection device may include: a droplet generation unit for outputting a charged droplet; at least one droplet sensor including a magnetic circuit including a coil configured of an electrically conductive material, the magnetic circuit being disposed such that the charged droplet passes around the magnetic circuit, and a current detection unit for detecting current flowing in the coil and outputting a detection signal; and a signal processing circuit for detecting the charged droplet based on the detection signal.