摘要:
To provide: a (meth)acrylic acid copolymer, which exhibits excellent chelating ability, dispersibility, and gel resistance, and can be preferably used in various applications, for example, in a dispersant such as an inorganic pigment and a metal ion, a detergent builder, and a water treatment agent such as a corrosion inhibitor and a scale inhibitor; and a method for producing the (meth)acrylic acid copolymer; and an application thereof. A (meth)acrylic acid copolymer having a constitutional unit (a) derived from a (meth)acrylic acid monomer (A) represented by a general formula (1) and a constitutional unit (b) derived from a hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate monomer (B) represented by a general formula (2), wherein the copolymer has a sulfonic acid (sulfonate) group, and a value A of 10 or more, the value A being defined by a formula (1): A=1/(Abs−Abs0) in the formula, R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and X represents a hydrogen atom, a metallic atom, an ammonium group, or an organic amine group; in the formula, R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and Y represents an alkylene group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
摘要:
There are disclosed a (meth)acrylic copolymer and its production process, wherein the (meth)acrylic copolymer has the good chelating ability and dispersibility and is excellent both in the calcium-ion-binding ability and the gelation resistance in combination, and further, the deterioration of these various performances is inhibited even in the water system of high salt concentration. The (meth)acrylic copolymer comprises a constitutional unit (a) derivative from a specific (meth)acrylic monomer (A) and a constitutional unit (b1) derivative from a specific (meth)allyl-etheric monomer (B1) and has a phosphorus atom in the main chain; with the (meth)acrylic copolymer being characterized by having: a mutual ratio between the constitutional unit (a) and the constitutional unit (b1) in the specific range; a low molecular weight; and a content of phosphorus, as bonded to the copolymer, in the predetermined range; and further a gelation resistance of not more than 0.02 and a calcium-ion-binding ability of not less than 150 mgCaCO3/g.
摘要:
There are disclosed a novel sulfur-containing poly(unsaturated carboxylic acid) and its uses and production process. A sulfur-containing poly(unsaturated carboxylic acid) having a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of 500 to 4,500 and a molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) of not more than 2.5 is obtained by a production process comprising the step of polymerizing an unsaturated carboxylic acid in the presence of a polymerization initiator to thereby obtain the poly(unsaturated carboxylic acid), wherein: a combination of a persulfate and a bisulfite is used as the polymerization initiator, wherein the polymerization initiator is adjusted in such a manner that: the total amount of the polymerization initiator as used is not smaller than 10 g equivalents per 1 mol of the unsaturated carboxylic acid as used, and the amount of the bisulfite accounts for not smaller than 8 g equivalents of the total amount of the polymerization initiator as used; and the polymerization temperature is controlled so as to be in the range of 25 to 99° C. This polymer is used as an essential component of a detergent builder and a kaolin dispersant.
摘要:
A folding table is provided that includes: a table frame that enables a table body to move between the in-use position and the stowed position, that is disposed within the table body, and that supports the table body; a support member that pivotably supports the table frame; and a lock, provided in a position where the support member and the table frame are linked, that holds the table frame in the in-use position and prevents the table frame from pivoting. The lock has: a retaining member in which an engagement groove is formed; a pivoting member capable of engaging with and disengaging from the engagement groove; and a lock biaser that biases the pivoting member in the direction of engagement with the engagement groove.
摘要:
Provided is a hydraulic material composition, including cement and a shrinkage-reducing agent for a hydraulic material, which does not require a combination with any other admixture, is inexpensive, and is capable of suppressing a reduction in strength of a hardened concrete material, suppressing generation of a crack in a hardened concrete material by virtue of its excellent shrinkage-reducing ability, and imparting excellent freeze-thaw resistance. The hydraulic material composition includes cement and a shrinkage-reducing agent for a hydraulic material including at least one kind of polyoxyalkylene compound (A) as an essential component, and has a spacing factor of 350 μm or less.
摘要:
This disclosure is aimed at providing a method for producing an epitaxial wafer allowing uniform occurrence of oxygen precipitate in a substrate plane in the radial direction in a base plate and excelling in the crystal quality of an epi-layer.A method for the production of an epitaxial wafer, characterized by using as a substrate a base plate of nitrogen- and carbon-added silicon single crystal having a nitrogen concentration of 5×1014 to 5×1015 atoms/cm3 and a carbon concentration of 1×1016 to 1×1018 atoms/cm3, having a crystal growth condition during the production of silicon single crystal in a range in which the whole surface of substrate becomes an OSF region, and being pulled at a cooling speed of not less than 4° C./minute between 1100 and 1000° C. during the growth of crystal, and depositing the silicon single crystal layer on the surface of the substrate by the epitaxial method.
摘要翻译:本公开内容旨在提供一种用于制造外延片的方法,其允许在基板中在径向方向上的基板平面中均匀地发生氧沉淀,并且具有优异的外延层的晶体质量。 一种外延晶片的制造方法,其特征在于,使用氮浓度为5×10 14〜5×10 15原子/ cm 3,碳浓度为1的氮和碳添加硅单晶的基板作为基板 ×1016〜1×1018原子/ cm3,在制造硅单晶时,在基板的整个表面成为OSF区域的范围内具有晶体生长条件,并且以不小于4°的冷却速度 在晶体生长期间在1100和1000℃之间/分钟,并通过外延法将硅单晶层沉积在衬底的表面上。
摘要:
A method for controlling operations of power seats for a vehicle, comprises the steps of moving a first seat toward a second seat by a first reversible motor, causing a seat cushion of the first seat to be tipped up, by a second reversible motor, relative to a seat back of the first seat which stands up, sensing loads which are applied to the first and second reversible motors, once stopping the driving of the first reversible motor, when excessive load of the first reversible motor is sensed during the movement of the first seat toward the second seat, thereafter returning the first seat to a position at which the excessive load of the first reversible motor is not sensed and stopping the movement of the first seat, once stopping the tipping-up of the seat cushion, when excessive load of the second reversible motor is sensed during the tipping-up of the seat cushion, and thereafter returning the seat cushion to an original posture thereof and stopping the movement of the seat cushion.
摘要:
A folding table is provided that includes: a table frame that enables a table body to move between the in-use position and the stowed position, that is disposed within the table body, and that supports the table body; a support member that pivotably supports the table frame; and a lock, provided in a position where the support member and the table frame are linked, that holds the table frame in the in-use position and prevents the table frame from pivoting. The lock has: a retaining member in which an engagement groove is formed; a pivoting member capable of engaging with and disengaging from the engagement groove; and a lock biaser that biases the pivoting member in the direction of engagement with the engagement groove.
摘要:
An annealed wafer in which oxygen precipitation is uniform in the substrate plane and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. A nitrogen-doped silicon single crystal substrate pulled at the cooling rate of 4° C./minute or more during crystal growth between 1100 and 1000° C. wherein the nitrogen concentration is 1×1014 to 5×1015 atoms/cm3 and V/G satisfies predetermined conditions serves as a substrate, and the substrate is subjected to heat treatment in a non-oxidative atmosphere.
摘要:
An annealed wafer in which oxygen precipitation is uniform in the substrate plane and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. A nitrogen-doped silicon single crystal substrate pulled at the cooling rate of 4° C./minute or more during crystal growth between 1100 and 1000° C. wherein the nitrogen concentration is 1×1014 to 5×1015 atoms/cm3 and V/G satisfies predetermined conditions serves as a substrate, and the substrate is subjected to heat treatment in a non-oxidative atmosphere.
摘要翻译:提供了在基板平面中氧析出均匀的退火晶片及其制造方法。 在1100和1000℃之间的晶体生长期间,以4℃/分钟或更高的冷却速率拉制氮掺杂硅单晶衬底,其中氮浓度为1×10 14至5×10 10 > 15原子/ cm 3和V / G满足预定条件用作基底,并且在非氧化性气氛中对基片进行热处理。