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公开(公告)号：US4163196A
公开(公告)日：1979-07-31
申请号：US891279
申请日：1978-03-29
摘要： Demodulating apparatus for a modulated signal comprised of a carrier deriving circuit which is supplied with the modulated signal and which derives an unmodulated carrier therefrom, the carrier deriving circuit including a tuned circuit having a center frequency substantially coincident with the carrier frequency of the modulated signal and a limiter circuit in which the limiter circuit imparts a phase shift to the signal supplied thereto in connection with its elimination of the amplitude fluctuations in the signal produced by the tuned circuit. A synchronous detector receives the modulated signal and the derived carrier so as to detect the modulated signal with the derived carrier. A phase shift circuit supplies the synchronous detector with a phase shifted modulated signal, the phase shift substantially compensating for the phase shift imparted by the limited circuit in the carrier deriving circuit, whereby the modulated signal and the carrier which are applied to the synchronous detector are substantially in phase with each other.
摘要翻译： 一种调制信号的解调装置，包括一个载波导出电路，该载波导出电路被提供有调制信号，并从其中导出未调制的载波，该载波导出电路包括调谐电路，该调谐电路的中心频率与调制信号的载波频率基本一致， 限制器电路，其中限制器电路相对于消除由调谐电路产生的信号中的振幅波动而向所提供的信号施加相移。 同步检测器接收调制信号和导出载波，以便用导出的载波检测调制信号。 相移电路为同步检波器提供相移调制信号，相移基本上补偿由载波导出电路中的受限电路产生的相移，由此调制信号和施加到同步检波器的载波是 基本上彼此同相。
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公开(公告)号：US4169248A
公开(公告)日：1979-09-25
申请号：US883786
申请日：1978-03-06
CPC分类号： H03D1/229 , H03B27/00 , H03B5/1215 , H03B5/1231 , H03B2200/0034 , H03B2200/0078 , H03B2200/0098
摘要： An oscillating circuit provides first and second reference signals having a phase difference of 90.degree. with respect to each other. The oscillating circuit includes an oscillator providing the first reference signal at an output thereof, a voltage-to-current converting circuit, which may incorporate a common-base transistor, and a capacitor connected between the output of the oscillator and an input of the converting circuit. The output of the converting circuit then provides the second reference signal which differs in phase by 90.degree. from the first reference signal. The oscillator may include differentially connected transistors and an LC resonant circuit.
摘要翻译： 振荡电路提供相对于彼此具有90°的相位差的第一和第二参考信号。 振荡电路包括在其输出处提供第一参考信号的振荡器，可以结合公共基极晶体管的电压 - 电流转换电路和连接在振荡器的输出端和转换器的输入端之间的电容器 电路。 然后，转换电路的输出提供与第一参考信号相位相差90°的第二参考信号。 振荡器可以包括差分连接的晶体管和LC谐振电路。
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公开(公告)号：US4419695A
公开(公告)日：1983-12-06
申请号：US341465
申请日：1982-01-21
IPC分类号： H04N5/60
CPC分类号： H04N5/607
摘要： A television sound receiver having an input terminal for receiving a television sound signal, a tuner including a local oscillator connected to the input terminal, an intercarrier sound demodulating circuit connected to the tuner, a split-carrier sound demodulating circuit, including a limiter amplifier connected to the tuner, a sound signal output terminal, and a switching device for selectively and operatively connecting either the intercarrier or split-carrier sound demodulating circuits between the tuner and the sound signal output terminal. Additionally, the receiver includes an error detecting device connected to the split-carrier sound demodulating circuit for detecting the frequency error of the local oscillator and a first operational device which is responsive to an output signal from the error detecting device and which produces a first operational device output signal which activates the switching device such that the split-carrier sound demodulating circuit is operatively connected between the tuner and the sound output terminal when the output signal from the error detecting device is less than a predetermined level. Level detectors are connected to the limiter amplifier and detect a level of the split-carrier sound signal. A second operational device, which is responsive to the output signal from the level detectors, produces an output signal which activates the switching device such that the intercarrier sound demodulating circuit is operatively connected between the tuner and the sound output terminal when the output signals from the level detectors are less than a predetermined value.
摘要翻译： 一种具有用于接收电视声音信号的输入端子的电视声音接收器，包括连接到输入端子的本地振荡器的调谐器，连接到调谐器的载波间声音解调电路，分离载波声音解调电路，包括限幅放大器 调谐器，声音信号输出端子和用于选择性地和可操作地连接调谐器和声音信号输出端子之间的载波间或分离载波声音解调电路的开关装置。 此外，接收机包括连接到分离载波声音解调电路以检测本地振荡器的频率误差的误差检测装置和响应于来自错误检测装置的输出信号并且产生第一操作的第一操作装置 装置输出信号，其激活开关装置，使得当来自误差检测装置的输出信号小于预定电平时，分离载波声音解调电路可操作地连接在调谐器和声音输出端子之间。 电平检测器连接到限幅放大器并检测分离载波声音信号的电平。 响应于来自电平检测器的输出信号的第二操作装置产生激活开关装置的输出信号，使得当来自所述开关装置的输出信号时，载波间声音解调电路可操作地连接在调谐器和声音输出端子之间 电平检测器小于预定值。
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公开(公告)号：US4455573A
公开(公告)日：1984-06-19
申请号：US390770
申请日：1982-06-21
IPC分类号： H04N5/60
CPC分类号： H04N5/607
摘要： A television sound receiver includes an input terminal for selectively receiving a television sound signal from one or more broadcasting stations and a home television apparatus, a tuner, having a local oscillator, connected to the input terminal, an intercarrier sound demodulating circuit connected to the tuner, a split-carrier sound demodulating circuit, including a limiter amplifier, connected to the tuner, a sound signal output terminal, and switching circuitry for selectively and operatively connecting the intercarrier or split-carrier sound demodulating circuit between the tuner and sound signal output terminal. Additionally the receiver includes an error detector connected to the split-carrier sound demodulating circuit for detecting the frequency error of the tuner local oscillator and a first operational circuit responsive to the output signal from the error detector which produces a first operational output signal whereby the output signal therefrom activates the switching circuitry such that the split-carrier sound demodulating circuit is operatively connected between the tuner and the sound signal output terminal when the output signal from the error detector is less than a predetermined level. Control circuitry is provided which supplies a signal to activate the switching circuitry such that the intercarrier sound demodulating circuit is operatively connected between the tuner and sound signal output terminal whenever the home television apparatus is operatively connected to the input terminal. A second operational circuit is also provided which is responsive to output signals from a pair of level detectors which are connected to the limiter amplifier. An output signal supplied from the second operational circuit activates the switching circuitry such that the intercarrier sound demodulating circuit is operatively connected between the tuner and the sound signal output terminal when the output signals from the level detectors are below a predetermined value.
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公开(公告)号：US07939210B2
公开(公告)日：2011-05-10
申请号：US10594702
申请日：2005-03-30
CPC分类号： H01M8/0656 , C01B3/22 , C01B2203/0266 , C01B2203/066 , H01M4/926 , H01M8/0668 , H01M2250/20 , Y02T90/32
摘要： An electric automobile includes a fuel cell for power generation by supply of hydrogen and oxidizing agent, a hydrogen generating device for generating a gas containing hydrogen to be supplied to the fuel cell, and a motor driven by electricity generated by the fuel cell. The hydrogen generating device generates gas containing hydrogen by decomposing an organic compound-containing fuel, and includes a proton conductive partition membrane, a fuel electrode provided on one surface of the partition membrane to directly generate the gas containing hydrogen, a device for supplying, to the fuel electrode, water and organic compound-containing fuel capable of producing a proton as a result of electrochemical oxidization which can pass through the partition membrane, an oxidizing electrode provided on the other surface of the partition membrane, a device for supplying the oxidizing agent to the oxidizing electrode, and a device for generating and collecting the gas containing hydrogen.
摘要翻译： 电动汽车包括用于通过供应氢气和氧化剂发电的燃料电池，用于产生供给燃料电池的含氢气体的氢产生装置和由燃料电池产生的电驱动的电动机。 氢发生装置通过分解含有机化合物的燃料来产生含氢气体，并且包括质子传导隔膜，设置在分隔膜的一个表面上的燃料电极，以直接产生含氢气体的装置， 能够通过隔离膜的电化学氧化产生质子的燃料电极，水和含有机化合物的燃料，设置在分隔膜的另一个表面上的氧化电极，用于供给氧化剂的装置 到氧化电极，以及用于产生和收集含氢气体的装置。
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公开(公告)号：US07910252B2
公开(公告)日：2011-03-22
申请号：US10594711
申请日：2005-03-30
CPC分类号： H01M8/0668 , B01J4/008 , C01B3/22 , C01B2203/0266 , C01B2203/066 , H01M8/04216 , H01M8/0656 , H01M2250/20 , Y02E60/328 , Y02T90/32
摘要： A hydrogen supply system includes at least a hydrogen supply device for supplying hydrogen to a hydrogen storing device, and a hydrogen generating device producing hydrogen containing gas to be supplied to the hydrogen supply device. The hydrogen generating device produces the hydrogen containing gas by decomposing a fuel containing an organic compound, and includes a partition membrane, a fuel electrode provided on one surface of the partition membrane for generating hydrogen containing gas, a device for supplying a fuel containing the organic compound and water to the fuel electrode, an oxidizing electrode provided on the other surface of the partition membrane, a device for supplying an oxidizing agent to the oxidizing electrode, and a device for collecting the hydrogen containing gas directly from the fuel electrode.
摘要翻译： 氢供给系统至少包括用于向氢存储装置供给氢的氢供给装置和产生供给氢供给装置的含氢气体的氢生成装置。 氢产生装置通过分解含有有机化合物的燃料来产生含氢气体，并且包括分隔膜，设置在用于产生含氢气体的分隔膜的一个表面上的燃料电极，用于供给含有有机化合物的燃料的装置 化合物和水到燃料电极，设置在分隔膜的另一个表面上的氧化电极，向氧化电极供应氧化剂的装置，以及用于从燃料电极直接收集含氢气体的装置。
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7.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20100234634A1
公开(公告)日：2010-09-16
申请号：US12734606
申请日：2008-11-06
CPC分类号： C07C69/708 , C07C41/18 , C07C67/307 , C07C43/123
摘要： The present invention provides a process for producing a novel compound, i.e., α-chloromethoxycarboxylic acid ester represented by General Formula (1): (CF3)2C(OCH2Cl)COOR, wherein R is a hydrocarbon group which may be substituted with at least one atom selected from the group consisting of halogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur atoms, comprising reacting an α-methoxycarboxylic acid ester represented by General Formula (2): (CF3)2C(OCH3)COOR, wherein R is as defined above, with molecular chlorine; and a process for producing 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl fluoromethyl ether represented by a chemical formula (CF3)2CH(OCH2F), comprising fluorinating and decarboxylating the α-chloromethoxycarboxylic acid ester.According to the present invention, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl fluoromethyl ether (sevoflurane), which is known as a compound having an anesthetic property, can be produced efficiently and at a low cost.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供一种新型化合物的制备方法，即由通式（1）表示的α-氯甲氧基羧酸酯：（CF 3）2 C（OCH 2 Cl）COOR，其中R为可被至少一个 包括将由通式（2）表示的α-甲氧基羧酸酯：（CF 3）2 C（OCH 3）COOR（其中R如上所定义）与由卤素，氧，氮和硫原子组成的组中的原子与 分子氯; 以及由化学式（CF 3）2 CH（OCH 2 F）表示的1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟异丙基氟甲基醚的制备方法，其包括使α-氯甲氧基羧酸酯氟化和脱羧。 根据本发明，可以有效且低成本地制备作为具有麻醉性的化合物的1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟异丙基氟甲基醚（七氟烷）。
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公开(公告)号：US20090123801A1
公开(公告)日：2009-05-14
申请号：US11921471
申请日：2006-06-02
IPC分类号： H01M8/18
CPC分类号： H01M8/04007 , B60L11/1881 , B60L2200/32 , C01B3/323 , C01B2203/0233 , C01B2203/0277 , C01B2203/041 , C01B2203/0475 , C01B2203/066 , C01B2203/1064 , C01B2203/107 , C01B2203/1223 , H01M8/0612 , H01M2250/20 , Y02P30/30 , Y02T90/32 , Y02T90/34
摘要： A hydrogen generating device capable of generating a gas containing hydrogen at a low temperature, as well as a fuel cell power generating device, an electric automobile, a submergible ship and a hydrogen supply system using the hydrogen generating device are provided.A hydrogen generating device (10) for generating a gas containing hydrogen by decomposing a fuel containing an organic compound, includes: a partition membrane (11); a fuel electrode (12) provided on one surface of the partition membrane (11); a means for supplying a fuel containing organic compound and water to the fuel electrode (12); an oxidizing electrode (14) provided on the other surface of the partition membrane (11); a means for supplying an oxidizing agent to the oxidizing electrode (14); and a means for generating and collecting the gas containing hydrogen from the fuel electrode, and a region of insufficient oxidizing agent supply is provided on the oxidizing electrode side so that a reaction (C) 6H++6e−→3H2 may occur on the fuel electrode side and a reaction (D) CH3OH+H2O→6H++6e−+CO2 may occur on the oxidizing electrode side. The region of insufficient oxidizing agent supply can be provided by performing masking (14M) on part of the gas diffusion layer of the oxidizing electrode (14). Moreover, by connecting the hydrogen generating device (10) to a fuel cell and connecting a fuel cell power generating device for supplying a gas containing hydrogen generated by the hydrogen generating device (10) to the fuel cell, an electric automobile and a submergible ship incorporating the fuel cell power generating device, and the hydrogen generating device (10) to a hydrogen storage means, a hydrogen supply system can be configured for supplying a gas containing hydrogen generated by the hydrogen generating device (10) to the hydrogen storage means.
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公开(公告)号：US20080177014A1
公开(公告)日：2008-07-24
申请号：US11884941
申请日：2006-02-21
CPC分类号： C08F10/00 , C08F4/00 , C08F4/26 , C08F4/40 , C08F112/08 , C08F120/14 , C08F120/18
摘要： A polymerization catalyst composition for a radically polymerizable monomer of the present invention comprises a transition metal-containing phosphazenium composition which is produced by mixing a phosphazenium compound with a compound of a transition metal belonging to Groups 4 to 12 in the periodic table and an organic halogen compound.
摘要翻译： 本发明的自由基聚合性单体的聚合催化剂组合物含有通过将磷氮烯基鏻化合物与属于周期表中第4〜12族的过渡金属的化合物和有机卤素 复合。
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公开(公告)号：US20080171244A1
公开(公告)日：2008-07-17
申请号：US11794357
申请日：2005-12-26
CPC分类号： H01M8/0656 , C25B1/02 , H01M4/926 , H01M8/0668 , H01M2250/20 , Y02T90/32
摘要： A standalone hydrogen generating system is provided using a hydrogen generating device which can generate a hydrogen-containing gas at a low temperature and can be operated only by electric energy supplied from a fuel cell and does not require large electric energy.In the standalone hydrogen generating system provided with at least a hydrogen generating cell (10) constituting a hydrogen generating device, auxiliary machines (16), (17) for operating the hydrogen generating device, and a fuel cell (33) for supplying electric energy to the auxiliary machines (16), (17), the hydrogen generating device is to generate a gas containing hydrogen by decomposing a fuel containing an organic compound, comprising a partition membrane (11), a fuel electrode (12) provided on one surface of the partition membrane (11), means for supplying a fuel containing the organic compound and water to the fuel electrode (12), an oxidizing electrode (14) provided on the other surface of the partition membrane (11), means for supplying an oxidizing agent to the oxidizing electrode (14), and means for generating and collecting the gas containing hydrogen from the fuel electrode (12). There are cases in the hydrogen generating device: (a) the hydrogen generating cell (10) in the hydrogen generating device is an open circuit having neither means for withdrawing electric energy to outside from the cell (10), nor means for providing electric energy from outside to the cell (10); (b) means for withdrawing electric energy to outside with the fuel electrode (12) serving as a negative electrode and the oxidizing electrode (14) as a positive electrode; and (c) means for providing electric energy from outside with the fuel electrode (12) serving as cathode and the oxidizing electrode (14) as anode.
摘要翻译： 使用能够在低温下产生含氢气体的氢生成装置来提供独立的氢生成系统，并且仅能够通过从燃料电池供给的电能进行操作，并且不需要大的电能。 在至少具有构成氢生成装置的氢生成电池（10）的独立的氢生成系统中，用于操作氢生成装置的辅助机器（16），（17）和用于供给电能的燃料电池（33） 通过分解含有有机化合物的燃料，氢辅助机构（16），（17）通过分解含有氢气的气体，包括分隔膜（11），设置在一个表面上的燃料电极（12） 的分隔膜（11）的另一面上设置有用于向燃料电极（12）供给含有有机化合物和水的燃料的装置，设置在分隔膜（11）的另一个面上的氧化电极（14） 氧化剂到氧化电极（14），以及用于从燃料电极（12）产生和收集含有氢的气体的装置。 在氢生成装置中存在这样的情况：（a）氢生成装置中的氢生成单元（10）是不具有从电池（10）向外部取出电能的开路，也不具有用于提供电能的装置 从外部到细胞（10）; （b）用作为负极的燃料电极（12）和作为正极的氧化电极（14）将电能抽出到外部的装置; 和（c）用于从作为阴极的燃料电极（12）和作为阳极的氧化电极（14）从外部提供电能的装置。
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