公开(公告)号：US07031365B2

公开(公告)日：2006-04-18

申请号：US10428068

申请日：2003-05-02

申请人： Michael A. Kneissl ,  Noble M. Johnson ,  David K. Biegelsen ,  Richard K. Chang ,  A. Douglas Stone ,  Grace D. Chern ,  Hakan E. Tureci ,  Joseph Zyss

发明人： Michael A. Kneissl ,  Noble M. Johnson ,  David K. Biegelsen ,  Richard K. Chang ,  A. Douglas Stone ,  Grace D. Chern ,  Hakan E. Tureci ,  Joseph Zyss

IPC分类号： H01S3/083

CPC分类号： H01S5/34333 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  H01S5/0425 ,  H01S5/1075 ,  H01S5/1082 ,  H01S5/18 ,  H01S5/40

摘要： A locally-outcoupled optical resonator has whispering gallery modes existing in a nearly circular resonator. Light is outcoupled by providing a local perturbing feature on the perimeter of the locally-outcoupled cavity resonator. The perturbing feature provides an outcoupling or loss mechanism that asymmetrically interacts with circulating whispering gallery modes, thereby making the resonator capable of uni-directional output.

摘要翻译： 本地耦合的光学谐振器具有存在于近圆形谐振器中的耳语画廊模式。 通过在局部输出耦合腔谐振器的周边提供局部扰动特征来将光输出耦合。 扰动特征提供了一种与循环语音库模式不对称地相互作用的输出耦合或丢失机制，从而使谐振器能够单向输出。

公开(公告)号：US4127329A

公开(公告)日：1978-11-28

申请号：US752911

申请日：1976-12-21

申请人： Richard K. Chang ,  Richard G. Stafford

发明人： Richard K. Chang ,  Richard G. Stafford

IPC分类号： G01J3/44

CPC分类号： G01N15/06 ,  G01J3/44 ,  G01N1/2205 ,  G01N15/0272 ,  G01N2015/0693

摘要： A system and method for monitoring the concentration of micron size pollutants in a gas, such as sulphate aerosols in the ambient air. The gas is drawn through a dichotomous sampler which segregates the larger aerosols from the smaller ones. The smaller sized particles of aerosols are concentrated and then flowed through an inspection chamber having a plurality of optical windows. The sample is illuminated by the light beam from a laser, and a plurality of mirrors provide a light trap to redirect the laser radiation to the sample a large number of times. The Raman scattered radiation from the particles is collected by a mirror and by a lens onto a spectrograph which provides spectrally dispersed radiation according to the molecular constituents of the sample. This radiation is detected and converted to electrical signals providing qualitative and quantitative information as to the pollutant composition and concentration.

摘要翻译： 用于监测气体中微米尺寸污染物浓度的系统和方法，例如环境空气中的硫酸盐气溶胶。 气体通过二分采样器抽吸，其将较大的气溶胶与较小的气溶胶分离。 较小尺寸的气溶胶颗粒被浓缩，然后流过具有多个光学窗口的检查室。 样品被来自激光的光束照射，并且多个反射镜提供光阱以将激光辐射重定向到样品多次。 来自颗粒的拉曼散射辐射通过镜子和透镜被收集到根据样品的分子组分提供光谱分散辐射的光谱仪上。 该辐射被检测并转换成电信号，提供关于污染物组成和浓度的定性和定量信息。

公开(公告)号：US07190450B2

公开(公告)日：2007-03-13

申请号：US10766294

申请日：2004-01-28

申请人： Richard K. Chang ,  Jean-Pierre Wolf ,  Veronique Boutou ,  Yongle Pan

发明人： Richard K. Chang ,  Jean-Pierre Wolf ,  Veronique Boutou ,  Yongle Pan

IPC分类号： G01J3/30

CPC分类号： G01N15/0227 ,  G01N2015/0088

摘要： An aerosol deflection system having a concentration zone expelling an air stream through a first detection zone, a second detection zone, and a deflection zone. The first detection zone activates the second detection zone based upon detection of a suspect aerosol of a pre-selected size. The second detection zone activates the deflection zone when the suspect aerosol of the pre-selected size has a predetermined light-induced-fluorescence signature. The deflection zone directs a pressure pulse at the suspect aerosol having the predetermined light-induced-fluorescence signature to deflect the suspect aerosol from the air stream.

摘要翻译： 一种具有通过第一检测区域，第二检测区域和偏转区域排出空气流的浓度区域的气溶胶偏转系统。 基于检测到预选尺寸的可疑气溶胶，第一检测区激活第二检测区。 当预选尺寸的可疑气溶胶具有预定的光诱导荧光标记时，第二检测区激活偏转区。 偏转区引导具有预定光诱导荧光标记的可疑气溶胶上的压力脉冲，以使可疑气溶胶从空气流中偏转。

公开(公告)号：US07410063B1

公开(公告)日：2008-08-12

申请号：US10872414

申请日：2004-06-22

申请人： Richard K. Chang ,  Yongle Pan ,  Steven Clyde Hill

发明人： Richard K. Chang ,  Yongle Pan ,  Steven Clyde Hill

IPC分类号： B07C5/00

CPC分类号： G01J3/4406 ,  G01N1/24 ,  G01N15/1427 ,  G01N15/1456 ,  G01N21/6486 ,  G01N21/718 ,  G01N2001/2223 ,  G01N2015/1493 ,  G01N2021/6419 ,  G01N2021/6421

摘要： Methods and systems for sorting particles entrained in a gaseous stream are disclosed. A representative system, among others, includes a particle scanner, a sorter, which is in pneumatic communication with the particle scanner, and a controller, which is in electrical communication with the particle scanner and sorter. The particle scanner is adapted to receive a gaseous stream and measure a characteristic of a particle entrained in the gaseous stream. The controller is adapted to classify the scanned particle according to the measured characteristic of the particle. The sorter includes an electrically controlled valve. Responsive to the particle being classified as belonging to a first category, the controller signals the valve to deflect the trajectory of the particle.A representative method, among others, for sorting particles entrained in a gaseous stream can be broadly summarized by the following steps: receiving particles in a gaseous stream; classifying a particle from the received stream of particles according to a property of the particle, wherein the particle is classified as belong to one category of a plurality of categories, and wherein the received particle has an initial trajectory; and responsive to the particle being classified as belonging to a first category of the plurality of categories, altering the trajectory of the particle.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于分选夹带在气流中的颗粒的方法和系统。 代表性系统包括粒子扫描器，与粒子扫描器气动连通的分选机，以及与粒子扫描器和分选机电连通的控制器。 颗粒扫描器适于接收气流并测量夹带在气流中的颗粒的特征。 控制器适于根据粒子的测量特性对扫描的粒子进行分类。 分拣机包括电控阀。 响应于被分类为属于第一类的颗粒，控制器向阀发出信号以偏转颗粒的轨迹。 用于分选夹带在气流中的颗粒的代表性方法可以通过以下步骤大致概括：在气流中接收颗粒; 根据粒子的特性，从所接收的粒子流中分选出粒子，其中所述粒子被分类为属于多个类别的一个类别，并且其中所接收的粒子具有初始轨迹; 并且响应于所述粒子被分类为属于所述多个类别的第一类别，改变所述粒子的轨迹。

公开(公告)号：US07064827B2

公开(公告)日：2006-06-20

申请号：US10442795

申请日：2003-05-20

申请人： Arto V. Nurmikko ,  Richard K. Chang

发明人： Arto V. Nurmikko ,  Richard K. Chang

IPC分类号： G01N21/00 ,  G01J3/30

CPC分类号： G01N15/1456 ,  G01N2015/1493

摘要： A particle detector has a chamber defining a pathway that a target particle follows between an entry and an exit point, a solid-state energy source such as an LED, and a re-emission sensor. The energy source imparts energy to the particle between the two points, and the sensor includes an arcuate or multi-planar lens to focus energy re-emitted by the particle. The particle is identifiable by its re-emitted energy spectrum. A scanner re-directs the beam from a single energy source to track the particle between the entry and exit points. Alternatively, the energy source is a plurality of source elements that each scan the particle at a single position. Another embodiment is a chipscale detector system wherein energy source elements are disposed on a source layer, sensor elements are disposed on a sensor layer, and one or more target particles to be detected are retained on a capture layer disposed therebetween.

摘要翻译： 粒子检测器具有限定目标粒子在入口和出口点之间的路径，固体能量源（例如LED）和再发射传感器的腔室。 能量源向两点之间的颗粒施加能量，并且传感器包括用于聚焦由颗粒再发射的能量的弧形或多平面透镜。 颗粒可以通过其再发射的能谱来识别。 扫描仪重新引导来自单个能量源的光束以跟踪进入点和出口点之间的粒子。 或者，能量源是多个源元素，每个元素在单个位置扫描粒子。 另一个实施例是一种芯片尺寸检测器系统，其中能量源元件设置在源层上，传感器元件设置在传感器层上，并且待检测的一个或多个目标颗粒被保持在设置在其之间的捕获层上。

公开(公告)号：US06532067B1

公开(公告)日：2003-03-11

申请号：US09579707

申请日：2000-05-25

申请人： Richard K. Chang ,  Young-Le Pan ,  Ronald G. Pinnick ,  Steven C. Hill

发明人： Richard K. Chang ,  Young-Le Pan ,  Ronald G. Pinnick ,  Steven C. Hill

IPC分类号： G01N2164

CPC分类号： G01N21/64 ,  G01N15/1427 ,  G01N15/1429 ,  G01N15/1434 ,  G01N15/147 ,  G01N2015/0046 ,  G01N2015/1006 ,  G01N2021/6417 ,  G01N2021/6463

摘要： A method for fluorescence probing of particles flowing in a fluid includes defining a trigger volume in the fluid by intersecting a plurality of substantially orthogonally aimed trigger laser beams, each of a different wavelength, detecting light scattered from the vicinity of the trigger volume by a plurality of particle detectors each sensitive to a wavelength corresponding to the wavelength of a trigger laser beam, probing the particles with a pulsed laser triggered by the particle detectors, collecting fluorescence emitted from the particle in a detection volume and focusing it in a detection region, detecting the fluorescence focused in the detection region. The invention also includes devices for carrying out the foregoing method.

摘要翻译： 用于在流体中流动的颗粒的荧光探测的方法包括通过与多个基本上正交的目标的触发激光束相交，来限定流体中的触发体积，每个不同波长的触发激光束检测从触发体积附近散射的光，多个 的粒子检测器，其对于与触发激光束的波长相对应的波长敏感，用由粒子检测器触发的脉冲激光探测粒子，在检测体积中收集从粒子发射的荧光并将其聚焦在检测区域中，检测 荧光聚焦在检测区域。 本发明还包括用于实现上述方法的装置。