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    Method for verifying sensor condition
    1.
    发明授权
    Method for verifying sensor condition 有权
    检测传感器状况的方法

    公开(公告)号：US07348771B2

    公开(公告)日：2008-03-25

    申请号：US11522628

    申请日：2006-09-18

    申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Karen E. Walrath ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Vladimir Tsukemik

    发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Karen E. Walrath ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Vladimir Tsukemik

    IPC分类号： G01N27/82

    CPC分类号： G01N27/72 ,  G01B7/24 ,  G01B7/34 ,  G01N27/902 ,  G01R33/12

    摘要： Sensor condition verification may be performed on electromagnetic sensors and sensor arrays mounted to a material surface. The sensors typically have a periodic winding or electrode structure that creates a periodic sensing field when driven by an electrical signal. The sensors can be thin and flexible so that they conform to the surface of the test material. Monitoring the conductivity changes of a test material, with changes in temperature, may provide a mechanism for testing the integrity of the sensor. Changes in the conductivity, due to changes in temperature, without significant lift-off changes may verify the calibration of the sensor and that the sensor elements themselves are intact.

    摘要翻译： 可以在安装到材料表面的电磁传感器和传感器阵列上执行传感器状态验证。 传感器通常具有周期性的绕组或电极结构，其在由电信号驱动时产生周期性感测场。 这些传感器可以是薄而灵活的，以使它们符合测试材料的表面。 监测测试材料的电导率变化随着温度的变化，可以提供一种用于测试传感器完整性的机制。 电导率的变化，由于温度的变化，没有明显的剥离变化可以验证传感器的校准，并且传感器元件本身是完整的。

    Material condition monitoring with multiple sensing modes
    2.
    发明授权
    Material condition monitoring with multiple sensing modes 有权
    物料状态监测与多种感应模式

    公开(公告)号：US07451657B2

    公开(公告)日：2008-11-18

    申请号：US11036780

    申请日：2005-01-14

    申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Volker Weiss ,  Christopher A. Craven ,  Ian C. Shay ,  David C. Grundy ,  Karen E. Walrath ,  Robert J. Lyons

    发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Volker Weiss ,  Christopher A. Craven ,  Ian C. Shay ,  David C. Grundy ,  Karen E. Walrath ,  Robert J. Lyons

    IPC分类号： G01B5/30

    CPC分类号： G01N27/9013

    摘要： Methods are described for assessing material condition. These methods include the use of multiple source fields for interrogating and loading of a multicomponent test material. Source fields include electric, magnetic, thermal, and acoustic fields. The loading field preferentially changes the material properties of a component of the test material, which allows the properties of the component materials to be separated. Methods are also described for monitoring changes in material state using separate drive and sense electrodes with some of the electrodes positioned on a hidden or even embedded material surface. Statistical characterization of the material condition is performed with sensor arrays that provide multiple responses for the material condition during loading. The responses can be combined into a statistical population that permits tracking with respect to loading history. Methods are also described for measuring the stress in the material by independently estimating effective electrical properties, such as magnetic permeability or electrical conductivity, using layered models or predetermined spatial distributions with depth that are then correlated with the stress.

    摘要翻译： 描述了评估材料状况的方法。 这些方法包括使用多个源字段来询问和加载多组分测试材料。 源场包括电，磁，热和声场。 加载场优先改变测试材料的组分的材料性质，这允许分离组分材料的性质。 还描述了用于使用单独的驱动和感测电极来监测材料状态的变化的方法，其中一些电极位于隐藏的或甚至嵌入的材料表面上。 使用传感器阵列进行材料状态的统计表征，这些传感器阵列在加载期间为材料状态提供多个响应。 响应可以组合成允许跟踪加载历史的统计数据。 还描述了通过使用分层模型或具有深度的预定空间分布独立地估计有效电特性（例如磁导率或导电性）来测量材料中的应力的方法，然后与应力相关联。

    Damage standard fabrication with attached sensor
    5.
    发明授权
    Damage standard fabrication with attached sensor 有权
    附带传感器的损坏标准制造

    公开(公告)号：US07230421B2

    公开(公告)日：2007-06-12

    申请号：US11071051

    申请日：2005-03-02

    申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Karen E. Walrath ,  Volker Weiss ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein

    发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Karen E. Walrath ,  Volker Weiss ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein

    IPC分类号： G01N27/82 ,  G01N27/72 ,  G01R33/12

    CPC分类号： G01N27/72 ,  G01B7/24 ,  G01B7/34 ,  G01N27/90 ,  G01N27/902 ,  G01R33/12

    摘要： Reference standards or articles having prescribed levels of damage are fabricated by monitoring an electrical property of the article material, mechanically loading the article, and removing the load when a change in electrical properties indicates a prescribed level of damage. The electrical property is measured with an electromagnetic sensor, such as a flexible eddy current sensor, attached to a material surface, which may be between layers of the article material. The damage may be in the form of a fatigue crack or a change in the mechanical stress underneath the sensor. The shape of the article material may be adjusted to concentrate the stress so that the damage initiates under the sensor. Examples adjustments to the article shape include the use of dogbone geometries with thin center sections, reinforcement ribs on the edges of the article, and radius cut-outs in the vicinity of the thin section.

    摘要翻译： 通过监测物品的电气性能，机械装载物品，以及当电气特性的变化表示规定的损伤程度时去除负载，制造具有规定的损伤程度的参考标准或制品。 电气特性用电磁传感器（例如柔性涡流传感器）测量，该传感器连接到材料表面，材料表面可以在物品层之间。 损伤可能是疲劳裂纹的形式或传感器下面的机械应力的变化。 可以调节制品材料的形状以集中应力，使得损伤在传感器下方开始。 对物品形状的实例调整包括使用具有薄中心部分的狗骨形几何形状，在制品的边缘上使用加强筋，以及在薄部分附近使用半径切口。

    Test circuit with sense elements having associated and unassociated primary windings
    7.
    发明授权
    Test circuit with sense elements having associated and unassociated primary windings 有权
    具有感应元件的测试电路具有相关联和未相关的初级绕组

    公开(公告)号：US08222897B2

    公开(公告)日：2012-07-17

    申请号：US12157719

    申请日：2008-06-12

    申请人： Yanko K. Sheiretov ,  Neil J. Goldfine ,  Todd M. Dunford ,  Scott A. Denenberg ,  David C. Grundy ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Karen E. Walrath

    发明人： Yanko K. Sheiretov ,  Neil J. Goldfine ,  Todd M. Dunford ,  Scott A. Denenberg ,  David C. Grundy ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Karen E. Walrath

    IPC分类号： G01R33/12 ,  G01N27/72 ,  G01N27/90 ,  G01B7/24

    CPC分类号： G01L3/105 ,  G01L1/125 ,  G01L1/127 ,  G01L3/102 ,  G01L5/164

    摘要： An apparatus for the nondestructive measurement of materials that includes at least two layers of electrical conductors. Within each layer, a meandering primary winding is used to create a magnetic field for interrogating a test material while sense elements or conducting loops within each meander provide a directional measurement of the test material condition in different orientations without requiring movement of the test circuit or apparatus. In a bidirectional implementation the meanders are oriented 90° apart while in a quadridirectional implementation the meanders are orientated at −45, 0, 45, and 90°. Multidirectional permeability measurements are used to assess the stress or torque on a component. These measurements are combined in a manner that removes temperature effects and hysteresis on the property measurements. This can be accomplished through a correction factor that accounts for the temperature dependence. After the correction, the permeability measurement is then used to assess the local stresses and strains in the material of interest.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于对包括至少两层电导体的材料的非破坏性测量的装置。 在每个层内，使用曲折的初级绕组来产生用于询问测试材料的磁场，同时每个曲折中的感测元件或导电环路以不同方向提供测试材料状况的方向测量，而不需要测试电路或设备的移动 。 在双向实施中，蜿蜒相隔90°，而在四向实施中，蜿蜒方向定位在-45°，0°，45°和90°。 多向磁导率测量用于评估组件上的应力或扭矩。 这些测量结合在一起，可以消除属性测量的温度影响和滞后。 这可以通过考虑温度依赖性的校正因子来实现。 在校正之后，然后使用渗透性测量来评估感兴趣的材料中的局部应力和应变。

    Surface mounted sensor arrays having segmented primary windings
    8.
    发明授权
    Surface mounted sensor arrays having segmented primary windings 有权
    具有分段初级绕组的表面安装传感器阵列

    公开(公告)号：US07589526B2

    公开(公告)日：2009-09-15

    申请号：US11807873

    申请日：2007-05-30

    申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Karen E. Walrath ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh

    发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Karen E. Walrath ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh

    IPC分类号： G01N27/72 ,  G01N27/82 ,  G01R33/12

    CPC分类号： G01N27/72 ,  G01B7/24 ,  G01B7/34 ,  G01N27/90 ,  G01N27/902 ,  G01R33/12

    摘要： One of the issues with planar eddy-current sensors is the placement of the current return for the primary winding. Often the ends of the primary winding are spatially distant from one another, which creates an extraneous and large inductive loop that can influence the measurements. A sensor geometry featuring a primary winding that reduces the effect of this inductive loop is presented. The primary winding may include a plurality of parallel extended winding segments. The segments further include adjacent individual drive coils. Current flows through individual drive coils in an alternating fashion. Current flows through adjacent drive coil portions in a common direction, thereby imposing a spatially periodic magnetic field with at least two periods.

    摘要翻译： 平面涡流传感器的一个问题是放置初级绕组的电流回报。 通常，初级绕组的端部在空间上彼此远离，这产生可影响测量的外部和大的感应回路。 提出了一种具有初级绕组的传感器几何形状，可以降低该感应回路的影响。 初级绕组可以包括多个平行延伸的绕组段。 这些段还包括相邻的单独的驱动线圈。 电流以交替的方式流过各个驱动线圈。 电流沿相同的方向流过相邻的驱动线圈部分，由此在至少两个周期内施加空间周期的磁场。

    Magnetic field characterization of stresses and properties in materials
    9.
    发明授权
    Magnetic field characterization of stresses and properties in materials 有权
    材料应力和性能的磁场表征

    公开(公告)号：US07876094B2

    公开(公告)日：2011-01-25

    申请号：US12080743

    申请日：2008-04-04

    申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Ian C. Shay ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  David C. Grundy ,  Robert J. Lyons ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

    发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Ian C. Shay ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  David C. Grundy ,  Robert J. Lyons ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

    IPC分类号： G01N27/72 ,  G01N27/82 ,  G01N33/12

    CPC分类号： G01N27/9013

    摘要： Described are methods for monitoring of stresses and other material properties. These methods use measurements of effective electrical properties, such as magnetic permeability and electrical conductivity, to infer the state of the test material, such as the stress, temperature, or overload condition. The sensors, which can be single element sensors or sensor arrays, can be used to periodically inspect selected locations, mounted to the test material, or scanned over the test material to generate two-dimensional images of the material properties. Magnetic field or eddy current based inductive and giant magnetoresistive sensors may be used on magnetizable and/or conducting materials, while capacitive sensors can be used for dielectric materials. Methods are also described for the use of state-sensitive layers to determine the state of materials of interest. These methods allow the weight of articles, such as aircraft, to be determined.

    摘要翻译： 描述了用于监测应力和其他材料性质的方法。 这些方法使用诸如磁导率和电导率之类的有效电性能的测量来推断测试材料的状态，例如应力，温度或过载条件。 可以使用可以是单元件传感器或传感器阵列的传感器来周期性地检查安装到测试材料上的选定位置，或者在测试材料上扫描以产生材料性质的二维图像。 基于磁场或涡电流的感应和巨磁阻传感器可用于可磁化和/或导电材料，而电容传感器可用于介电材料。 还描述了使用状态敏感层来确定感兴趣的材料的状态的方法。 这些方法允许确定诸如飞机的物品的重量。

    Hybrid wound/etched winding constructs for scanning and monitoring
    10.
    发明授权
    Hybrid wound/etched winding constructs for scanning and monitoring 有权
    用于扫描和监测的混合伤口/蚀刻绕组结构

    公开(公告)号：US07518360B2

    公开(公告)日：2009-04-14

    申请号：US11809555

    申请日：2007-06-01

    申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Ian C. Shav ,  Mark D. Windoloski ,  Christopher Root ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  David C. Grundy ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

    发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Ian C. Shav ,  Mark D. Windoloski ,  Christopher Root ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  David C. Grundy ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

    IPC分类号： G01N27/82 ,  G01R33/12

    CPC分类号： G01N27/9046 ,  G01N27/82

    摘要： Combined wound and micro-fabricated winding constructs are described for the inspection of materials and the detection and characterization of hidden features or flaws. These constructs can be configured as sensors or sensor arrays that are surface mounted or scanned over conducting and/or magnetizable test materials. The well-defined geometry obtained micro-fabricated windings and from carefully wound coils with known winding positions permits the use of model based inversions of sensed responses into material properties. In a preferred embodiment, the primary winding is a wound coil and the sense elements are etched or printed. The drive or sense windings can also be mounted under fasteners to improve sensitivity to hidden flaws. Ferrites and other means may be used to guide the magnetic flux and enhance the magnetic field in the test material.

    摘要翻译： 描述了组合伤口和微制造的缠绕结构，用于材料的检查和隐藏特征或缺陷的检测和表征。 这些结构可以配置为在导电和/或可磁化测试材料上进行表面安装或扫描的传感器或传感器阵列。 精确定义的几何形状获得微制造的绕组和从已知缠绕位置的小心缠绕的线圈允许使用基于模型的感测响应的反演到材料特性中。 在优选实施例中，初级绕组是缠绕线圈，并且感测元件被蚀刻或印刷。 驱动或感测绕组也可以安装在紧固件下，以提高对隐藏缺陷的敏感性。 可以使用铁氧体等手段来引导磁通量并增强测试材料中的磁场。