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公开(公告)号：US5225056A
公开(公告)日：1993-07-06
申请号：US648874
申请日：1991-01-31
CPC分类号： B01J47/08
摘要： A first metal, for example a transition metal such as cobalt, having an insoluble hydroxide is separated from a second metal such as lithium having a soluble hydroxide in an aqueous liquid containing dissolved cations of the metals. The cations are firstly absorbed onto a cation exchange material by electrochemical ion exchange and the second metal then selectively eluted by electrochemical ion exchange under sufficiently high pH conditions, e.g. to 10-13, in a closed loop. Finally, the transition metal is eluted by electrochemical ion exchange under sufficiently low pH conditions, e.g. acidic such as 1-2. The method is applicable to separating trace quantities of Co (e.g. as Co-60) from larger quantities of Li in aqueous solution.
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公开(公告)号：US4790918A
公开(公告)日：1988-12-13
申请号：US25206
申请日：1987-03-12
CPC分类号： G21F9/04 , B01J47/08 , C02F1/42 , C02F1/4604 , C02F1/46109 , C02F1/469
摘要： Ions are electrochemically removed from an aqueous solution by establishing an electrochemical cell wherein the solution, as cell electrolyte, is caused to flow between a working electrode that includes an ion exchange material and a second electrode that optionally includes an ion exchange material. The polarity of the cell is repeatedly reversed so that ions are successively adsorbed and desorbed at the working electrode and optionally also at the second electrode. Thus, an ion for removal such as Cs.sup.+ may be selectively removed in the presence of a much larger concentration of a second ion such as Na.sup.+.
摘要翻译： 通过建立电化学电池，从水溶液中电化学除去离子，其中使电解质溶液在包括离子交换材料的工作电极和任选地包括离子交换材料的第二电极之间流动。 电池的极性被重复地反转，使得离子在工作电极和任选地也在第二电极处被连续地吸附和解吸附。 因此，可以在存在更大浓度的第二离子如Na +的情况下选择性地除去诸如Cs +的去除离子。
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公开(公告)号：US5217587A
公开(公告)日：1993-06-08
申请号：US648870
申请日：1991-01-31
CPC分类号： B01J47/08 , C02F1/4691 , C02F1/42 , C02F2001/46133
摘要： An electrode used in electrochemical deionization comprises a current feeder disposed asymmetrically in an ion exchange material bonded into a coherant structure i.e. more of the ion exchange material adheres to one side of the current feeder than to the other side. The ion exchange material may be bonded by being provided in intimate admixture with a binder. Such an electrode offers manufacturing ease and the ability to be scaled up in multi-modular form.
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公开(公告)号：US4596641A
公开(公告)日：1986-06-24
申请号：US675326
申请日：1984-11-27
CPC分类号： B01J47/12 , B01J47/08 , C02F1/46109 , C02F1/42 , C02F1/469 , C02F1/4691 , C02F1/4695 , C02F2201/46115
摘要： An electrochemical extraction method comprises establishing a cell of the form working electrode: flowing aqueous electrolyte solution: second electrode. The working electrode includes an ion exchange material and the second electrode may include ion exchange material. D.C. potential is applied to the cell to adsorb ions onto the working electrode and cell polarity is subsequently reversed to elute the adsorbed ions.The cell is separated by a cell divider, e.g. in the form of an ion selective membrane, into first and second electrolyte compartments and the solution is passed through the compartment adjacent the working electrode to effect adsorption and, where the second electrode includes ion exchange material, solution is passed through the compartment adjacent the second electrode to effect desorption.
摘要翻译： 电化学提取方法包括建立工作电极形式的电池：流动的电解液：第二电极。 工作电极包括离子交换材料，第二电极可以包括离子交换材料。 将电位施加到电池上以将离子吸附到工作电极上，然后电池极性反转以洗脱吸附的离子。 细胞由细胞分隔器分离，例如细胞分裂。 以离子选择性膜的形式进入第一和第二电解质隔室，并使溶液通过邻近工作电极的隔室以实现吸附，并且在第二电极包括离子交换材料的情况下，使溶液通过邻近第二 电极实现解吸。
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5.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4548695A
公开(公告)日：1985-10-22
申请号：US675327
申请日：1984-11-27
CPC分类号： C02F1/4604 , B01J47/08 , C02F1/46109 , C02F1/42 , C02F1/4691 , C02F1/4695
摘要： An electrode for use in electrochemical deionization comprises a current feeder support carrying an intimate mixture of an ion exchange material, and a binder.The electrode is provided with an inert, electrolyte-permeable outer envelope, adhered to the mixture, for maintaining the mixture in contact with the current feeder during use of the electrode in electrochemical ion exchange. The envelope may be in the form of a non-woven polyamide cloth and may be provided with an outer restrainer, e.g. in the form of a metal or plastics mesh.
摘要翻译： 用于电化学去离子的电极包括载体，其携带离子交换材料和粘合剂的紧密混合物。 电极设置有惰性的电解质可渗透的外壳，粘附到混合物上，用于在电极在电化学离子交换中使用时保持混合物与电流进料器接触。 外壳可以是无纺布聚酰胺布的形式，并且可以设置有外部限制器，例如外部限制器。 以金属或塑料网的形式。
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公开(公告)号：US5248401A
公开(公告)日：1993-09-28
申请号：US706253
申请日：1991-05-28
摘要： An electrode for use in electrochemical ion exchange comprises an electrically conducting element covered by at least two layers of ion exchange material. The material in one layer differs in its electrical, chemical, or ion exchange properties from that in an adjacent layer. For example a thin layer of cation exchange material underneath a thicker layer of anion exchange material may be used to inhibit the oxidation of chloride ions; a thin layer of cation exchange material covering a thicker layer of anion exchange material provides an anion-responsive electrode with enhanced selectivity for particular ions. An ion-selective anion-responsive electrode can also comprise a thin outer layer of a very weak base anion-responsive material, covering a thicker layer of a strong base material of lower electrical resistivity.
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公开(公告)号：US5240572A
公开(公告)日：1993-08-31
申请号：US698911
申请日：1991-05-13
CPC分类号： B01J47/08 , C02F1/42 , C02F1/46109 , C02F1/4691
摘要： An apparatus for treating a liquid by electrochemical ion exchange comprises a flow channel (34) in which are arranged a cation-responsive ion exchange electrode (38) side by side with an anion-responsive ion exchange electrode (42), with a counter electrode (40,44) between them. By controlling the currents to the two ion exchange electrodes (38,42) independently, the pH of the treated liquid can be controlled at a desired value.
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公开(公告)号：US5536387A
公开(公告)日：1996-07-16
申请号：US428457
申请日：1995-04-27
IPC分类号： G03C5/00 , B01D61/48 , B01J47/08 , C02F1/42 , C02F1/46 , C02F1/461 , C02F1/469 , C02F1/62 , C22B3/20 , C22B11/00 , C25C1/20 , C02F1/463
CPC分类号： B01J47/08 , B01D61/48 , C02F1/469 , C02F1/4691 , C02F1/62 , C02F1/42 , C02F1/4604 , C02F1/4695 , C02F2001/46133 , C02F2101/103 , C02F2101/163 , C02F2103/40 , C02F2201/46115 , C23F2201/02
摘要： Effluent streams from photographic processes contain both silver and thiosulphate ions, and because of the formation of complex anions it is difficult to remove the silver. The silver may be removed using a cell (12) with a cathode (24) exposed to the effluent liquid, and an anode (25) separated from the liquid by a barrier (22) permeable at least to anions. Some silver sulphide is formed electrochemically at the cathode (24); at the anode (25) water is electrolysed and becomes acidic, so the complex anions migrating through the barrier (22) generate silver sulphide chemically. The resulting silver sulphide precipitate is separated from the liquid by a filter (14).
摘要翻译： 来自摄影过程的流出物流含有银和硫代硫酸根离子，并且由于形成复杂的阴离子，因此难以除去银。 银可以使用暴露于流出液体的阴极（24）的电池（12）和通过至少可阴离子渗透的屏障（22）与液体分离的阳极（25）来除去。 一些硫化银在阴极（24）处电化学形成; 在阳极（25），水被电解并变成酸性，所以通过阻挡层（22）迁移的复合阴离子化学地产生硫化银。 所得的硫化银沉淀物通过过滤器（14）与液体分离。
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公开(公告)号：US4624760A
公开(公告)日：1986-11-25
申请号：US742709
申请日：1985-06-07
CPC分类号： C25F1/00 , B01D29/62 , B01D35/06 , B01D65/02 , B01D71/02 , B01D71/022 , B01D71/024 , B01D2313/345 , B01D2321/22 , B01D2325/26
摘要： A porous electrically conducting filter, e.g. a membrane for filtration equipment, is cleaned by setting up an electrochemical cell comprising the membrane as a first electrode (usually the cathode), a second electrode, and an electrolyte capable of being electrolyzed to a gaseous product at the first electrode. When a potential is applied across the cell, the gaseous product of electrolysis (e.g. in the form of microbubbles) cleans the surfaces of the membrane by forcing foulant material therefrom.The electrolyte is constituted by the liquid being filtered (with the possible addition of a salt to increase electrical conductivity, if necessary) thus enabling filter cleaning to be carried out in situ while the liquid being filtered continues to be passed through the filter.
摘要翻译： 多孔导电过滤器，例如 用于过滤设备的膜通过将包含膜作为第一电极（通常为阴极）的电化学电池，第二电极和能够在第一电极处被气态产物电解的电解质进行清洁。 当跨电池施加电势时，电解气体产物（例如以微泡的形式）通过从其中强制污染物质来清洁膜的表面。 电解质由被过滤的液体（如果需要可能加入盐以增加导电性）构成，从而使过滤器清洁在原位进行，同时过滤的液体继续通过过滤器。
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公开(公告)号：US4879006A
公开(公告)日：1989-11-07
申请号：US228510
申请日：1988-08-05
申请人： Andrew D. Turner
发明人： Andrew D. Turner
CPC分类号： C02F1/467 , G21F9/04 , C02F1/4691 , C02F2101/006 , C02F2101/20
摘要： Ruthenium in aqueous solution in a first, oxidizable oxidation state (e.g. as RuNO(NO.sub.3).sub.3) is converted to an insoluble form in a second, different oxidation state (e.g. as RuO.sub.2.nH.sub.2 O) by establishing an electrochemical cell wherein the solution is the electrolyte and electrochemically oxidizing and reducing the ruthenium in the cell. The insoluble form may be filtered from the liquid. The ruthenium treatment may be a stage in the removal of radioactive species from liquids such is in the treatment of medium and low level activity liquid waste streams, wherein actinides are precipitated and filtered off either before or after ruthenium treatment. Subsequently, residual activity may be removed from the stream by either or both of (a) absorption, followed by filtration and electro-osmotic dewatering and (b) electrochemical ion exchange. Filtration fluxes may be maintained by direct electrochemical membrane cleaning.
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