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公开(公告)号：US06755075B2
公开(公告)日：2004-06-29
申请号：US09958477
申请日：2001-11-21
IPC分类号： G01N348
CPC分类号： G01Q60/366 , G01N3/42 , G01N2203/0286 , G01N2203/0647 , Y10S977/852
摘要： An ultra micro indentation testing apparatus comprises: a lever stand provided with a center lever having a silicon probe and a diamond indenter disposed therein; a moving mechanism for moving the lever stand in a triaxial direction; in indentation mechanism for pushing the diamond indenter in a sample; a displacement gage for measuring a displacement of the silicon probe or the diamond indenter; and an optical picture device for positioning the silicon probe or the diamond indenter and observing the surface of the sample. The apparatus has, in combination, a hardness measuring function based on the measurement of the force and depth of the diamond indenter pushed in the surface of the sample, an atomic force microscopic function of acquiring the shape of the surface of the sample based on a displacement of the diamond indenter or the silicon probe, and an optical microscopic function of observing the surface of the sample by the optical picture device. Furthermore, the testing apparatus is equipped with both the function of measuring the hardness of the surface of material in a ultra micro region and the surface observing function with high accuracy.
摘要翻译： 超微压痕测试装置包括：杆架，设置有具有硅探针和设置在其中的金刚石压头的中心杆; 用于使杆架沿三轴方向移动的移动机构; 用于将金刚石压头推入样品的压痕机构; 用于测量硅探针或金刚石压头的位移的位移计; 以及用于定位硅探针或金刚石压头并观察样品表面的光学图像装置。 该装置组合地具有基于在样品表面推动的金刚石压头的力和深度的测量的硬度测量功能，基于样品的表面获取样品的形状的原子力显微镜功能 金刚石压头或硅探针的位移，以及通过光学图像装置观察样品表面的光学显微镜功能。 此外，测试装置既具有测量超微区域中的材料表面的硬度和高精度的表面观察功能的功能。
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公开(公告)号：US06457349B1
公开(公告)日：2002-10-01
申请号：US09647099
申请日：2000-11-20
IPC分类号： G02N330
CPC分类号： G01N3/48 , G01N2203/0082 , G01N2203/0286 , Y10S977/852
摘要： A testing method is provided for determining the hardness of a micro region, using indentation curves indicating relations between observed penetration depths and indenting forces when an arbitrary shaped indenter is pushed into standard samples of plural types. The method involves (1) measuring relations between observed penetration depths and indenting forces when the arbitrary shaped indenter is pushed into standard samples of plural types, to prepare the indentation curves, (2) determining a reference function indicative of macro hardness, by standardizing the relations between the indenting forces and macro hardness at the same penetration depth as an index, for the indentation curves of the standard samples of plural types, (3) measuring a relation between the penetration depth and indenting force of an arbitrary sample, and (4) determining the hardness of a micro region from the measured value in step (3) according to the reference function as determined in step (2).
摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于确定微区域的硬度的测试方法，使用指示当任意形状的压头被压入多种类型的标准样品时观察到的穿透深度和压痕力之间的关系的压痕曲线。 该方法包括（1）当将任意形状的压头推入多种类型的标准样品时测量观察到的穿透深度和压痕力之间的关系，以制备压痕曲线，（2）通过标准化标准化来确定指示宏观硬度的参考功能 对于多种类型的标准样品的压痕曲线，（3）测量任意样品的穿透深度和压痕力之间的关系，以及（4）的断裂力与相同穿透深度的宏观硬度之间的关系为 ）根据步骤（2）中确定的参考函数从步骤（3）中的测量值确定微区域的硬度。
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3.发明授权Method of evaluating high fatigue strength material in high tensile strength steel and creation of high fatigue strength material 失效评估高抗拉强度钢中的高疲劳强度材料和产生高疲劳强度材料的方法公开(公告)号：US06546808B2
公开(公告)日：2003-04-15
申请号：US09917733
申请日：2001-07-31
申请人： Tatsuaki Sawai , Saburo Matsuoka , Takayuki Abe , Etsuo Takeuchi , Kensuke Miyahara , Hisashi Hirukawa , Kaneaki Tsuzaki , Yuji Kimura
发明人： Tatsuaki Sawai , Saburo Matsuoka , Takayuki Abe , Etsuo Takeuchi , Kensuke Miyahara , Hisashi Hirukawa , Kaneaki Tsuzaki , Yuji Kimura
IPC分类号： G01N332
CPC分类号： G01N33/20
摘要： The present invention provides a method of designing a high fatigue strength in high tensile strength steel, comprising: obtaining values of tensile strength &sgr;B (unit thereof is MPa) and Vickers hardness Hv of the steel; measuring a flaw area of an inclusion, when a fracture origin is located only at a surface of the steel; and estimating, in designing the high fatigue strength steel, that a fatigue limit &sgr;w (unit thereof is MPa) of the steel satisfies either &sgr;w≧0.5 &sgr;B or &sgr;w≧1.6 Hv, when a square root of the flaw area, (area)½ (unit thereof is m), contained in the steel is no larger than 45.8/&sgr;B2 or 4.47/Hv2. According to the present invention, a method of evaluating high fatigue strength in high tensile strength steel, in which method a relationship between a flaw dimension (area) of ODA and the fatigue strength is considered, and a high fatigue strength material can be provided.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供一种在高拉伸强度钢中设计高疲劳强度的方法，包括：获得钢的拉伸强度σB（单位为MPa）和维氏硬度Hv的值; 当断裂起源仅位于钢的表面时，测量夹杂物的缺陷面积; 在设计高疲劳强度钢时，估计钢的疲劳极限σ（单位为MPa）满足Sigmaw> = 0.5 sigmaB或sigmaw> = 1.6Hv，当缺陷面积的平方根（面积 ）½（单位为m），钢中不大于45.8 / sBB2或4.47 / Hv2。 根据本发明，可以提供一种在高强度钢中评价高疲劳强度的方法，其中考虑了ODA的缺陷尺寸（面积）和疲劳强度之间的关系以及高疲劳强度材料。
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4.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20110305595A1
公开(公告)日：2011-12-15
申请号：US13203102
申请日：2010-01-29
CPC分类号： H01M8/04208 , C21D8/005 , C21D9/14 , C21D2211/005 , C22C38/02 , C22C38/04 , C22C38/12 , C22C38/14 , H01M8/04201 , Y02P70/56
摘要： A ferritic steel having tensile properties and fatigue properties capable of withstanding use in a hydrogen environment and a method of manufacture thereof are provided. By adding one or more element selected from among vanadium (V), titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb) so that the steel includes, together with at least ferrite grains in the structure, a carbide or carbides of one or more element selected from among V, Ti and Nb, the reduction of area and the fatigue crack propagation rate of the ferritic steel in a hydrogen environment are improved. The advantages of the invention were confirmed in cases where the ferrite grains are small grains of 1 μm or less in size, and in cases where the ferrite grains are coarse grains from several micrometers to 20 μm in size, and moreover in cases where the ferrite grains are coarse grains from several micrometers to 60 μm in size.
摘要翻译： 提供一种具有耐氢气环境中使用的拉伸性能和疲劳特性的铁素体钢及其制造方法。 通过添加选自钒（V），钛（Ti）和铌（Nb）中的一种或多种元素，使得钢至少与结构中的铁素体晶粒一起包含一种或多种元素的碳化物或碳化物， 在V，Ti和Nb中，在氢环境中铁素体钢的面积减小和疲劳裂纹扩展速率提高。 在铁素体晶粒尺寸小于1μm的小晶粒的情况下，在铁素体晶粒的尺寸为几微米至20μm的粗晶粒的情况下，在铁素体的情况下，在本发明的优点的情况下， 晶粒是尺寸从几微米到60μm的粗晶粒。
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公开(公告)号：US20110005645A1
公开(公告)日：2011-01-13
申请号：US12919353
申请日：2009-02-09
CPC分类号： C22C38/40 , C21D3/06 , C21D6/002 , C21D6/004 , C21D9/00 , C21D9/28 , C21D9/30 , C21D2211/001 , C22C38/002 , C22C38/02 , C22C38/04 , C22C38/44
摘要： The present invention focuses on diffusible hydrogen and non-diffusible hydrogen that cause hydrogen embrittlement in an austenitic stainless steel, and provides the austenitic stainless steel having diffusible hydrogen and non-diffusible hydrogen removed therefrom, and a method for removing hydrogen therefrom. In order to remove diffusible hydrogen and non-diffusible hydrogen, which cause hydrogen embrittlement in the austenitic stainless steel, an aging treatment is performed to the austenitic stainless steel at a temperature ranging from 200 to 1100° C. while being kept in an air atmosphere. As a result, the hydrogen (H) content in the austenitic steel is removed to 0.001 wt % (1 wt ppm) or less.
摘要翻译： 本发明着重于在奥氏体不锈钢中引起氢脆的扩散氢和不扩散氢，并提供从其中除去可扩散氢和不扩散氢的奥氏体不锈钢，以及从其中除去氢的方法。 为了去除在奥氏体不锈钢中引起氢脆的可扩散的氢和不可扩散的氢，在200-1100℃的温度下对奥氏体不锈钢进行时效处理，同时保持在空气气氛中 。 结果，将奥氏体钢中的氢（H）含量除去至0.001重量％（1重量ppm）以下。
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公开(公告)号：US20050241733A1
公开(公告)日：2005-11-03
申请号：US10531319
申请日：2003-10-17
CPC分类号： C22C38/004 , C22C38/02 , C22C38/04 , C23C8/26
摘要： An ultra fine grain steel has a ferrite grain structure having an average grain size of 3 μm or less and has a nitride layer formed on a surface of the steel. The nitride layer is formed without adding an alloy element such as Cr or Mo that is expensive and detrimental to recycling. Fatigue strength is enhanced by the nitride layer.
摘要翻译： 超细晶粒钢具有平均粒径为3μm以下的铁素体晶粒结构，并且在钢的表面上形成氮化物层。 在不添加诸如Cr或Mo的合金元素的情况下形成氮化物层是昂贵的并且不利于再循环。 疲劳强度由氮化物层增强。
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公开(公告)号：US20090263269A1
公开(公告)日：2009-10-22
申请号：US12301707
申请日：2007-10-05
CPC分类号： C21D3/06 , C21D6/004 , C21D2211/001 , C21D2211/008 , C22C38/44
摘要： By focusing on the non-diffusible hydrogen that causes hydrogen embrittlement of austenitic stainless steel, the present invention provides an austenitic stainless steel in which the non-diffusible hydrogen is removed by maintaining the austenitic stainless steel in a vacuum of 0.2 Pa or less and heating at a heating temperature of 200° C. to 500° C. for 460 hours or less to remove the hydrogen (H) contained therein to a level of 0.00007 mass % (0.7 mass ppm) or less.
摘要翻译： 通过关注导致奥氏体不锈钢的氢脆化的非扩散性氢，本发明提供一种奥氏体不锈钢，其中通过将奥氏体不锈钢维持在0.2Pa以下的真空中并除去加热而除去不扩散氢 在加热温度200℃〜500℃，460小时以下，除去其中所含的氢（H）至0.00007质量％（0.7质量ppm）以下的水平。
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公开(公告)号：US4181102A
公开(公告)日：1980-01-01
申请号：US890515
申请日：1978-03-27
申请人： Shizuo Yagi , Hiroshi Kogure , Saburo Matsuoka
发明人： Shizuo Yagi , Hiroshi Kogure , Saburo Matsuoka
CPC分类号： F02B19/1028 , F02B1/04 , Y02T10/125
摘要： The auxiliary combustion chamber of a four-cycle stratified-charge piston engine is divided into a primary cavity, and a secondary cavity provided with a baffle. The primary cavity receives a relatively rich mixture which passes into the secondary cavity, and the main combustion chamber receives a relatively lean mixture. The primary cavity is in communication with a spark plug. A long torch passage insert piece connects the primary cavity with the central portion of the main combustion chamber, and one or more short torch passages connect the secondary cavity with a peripheral portion of the main combustion chamber. The purpose is to reduce emission of NO.sub.x without adversely affecting emissions of CO and HC, and to improve fuel economy.
摘要翻译： 四冲程分层充气活塞发动机的辅助燃烧室分为主腔和设有挡板的辅助腔。 主腔容纳相当丰富的混合物，其进入二次腔，并且主燃烧室接收相对贫的混合物。 主腔与火花塞连通。 长火炬通道插入件将主腔与主燃烧室的中心部分连接，并且一个或多个短火炬通道将二次腔与主燃烧室的周边部分连接。 目的是减少NOx的排放，而不会对CO和HC的排放产生不利影响，并提高燃油经济性。
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公开(公告)号：US20110005329A1
公开(公告)日：2011-01-13
申请号：US12677175
申请日：2009-01-09
IPC分类号： G01N19/08
CPC分类号： G01N3/34 , G01N2203/0066 , G01N2203/0242 , G01N2203/027
摘要： There is provided a fatigue test method with which the crack growth can be checked for a plurality of cycle rates in a single test. At a first cycle rate f1 of 0.01 Hz, hydrogen has a greater effect on crack growth than at a second cycle rate f2 of 1 Hz. As a result, an area of large hydrogen effect (an area developed at the cycle rate f1) and an area of small hydrogen effect (an area developed at the cycle rate f2) appear alternately on the fatigue fracture surface, and since these two areas have different fracture surface morphologies, it is possible to see the boundary lines. Consequently, the lengths of the cracks developed under each set of conditions can be specified, and a fatigue crack growth curve can be acquired for each set of conditions.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种疲劳试验方法，通过该方法，可以在单次试验中检查多个循环速率的裂纹扩展。 在0.01Hz的第一循环速率f1下，与在1Hz的第二循环速率f2相比，氢对裂纹生长的影响更大。 结果，在氢疲劳效应大的区域（以循环速度f1发展的区域）和小氢效应区域（以循环速度f2发展的区域）交替地出现在疲劳断裂面上，由于这两个区域 具有不同的断裂面形态，可以看到边界线。 因此，可以规定在各种条件下产生的裂纹的长度，并且可以针对每一种条件获得疲劳裂纹扩展曲线。
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公开(公告)号：US4160431A
公开(公告)日：1979-07-10
申请号：US890533
申请日：1978-03-27
申请人： Shizuo Yagi , Hiroshi Kogure , Saburo Matsuoka
发明人： Shizuo Yagi , Hiroshi Kogure , Saburo Matsuoka
CPC分类号： F02B19/1028 , F02B1/04 , Y02T10/125
摘要： The auxiliary combustion chamber of a four-cycle stratified-charge piston engine is divided into a primary cavity and a secondary cavity both formed in an insert liner received in the cylinder head. The primary cavity receives a relatively rich mixture which passes into the secondary cavity, and the main combustion chamber receives a relatively lean mixture. A spark plug communicates with the primary cavity. A long torch passage connects the primary cavity with the central portion of the main combustion chamber, and one or more short torch passages connect the secondary cavity with a peripheral portion of the main combustion chamber. The purpose is to reduce emission of NO.sub.x without adversely affecting emissions of CO and HC, and to improve fuel economy.
摘要翻译： 四冲程分层充气活塞发动机的辅助燃烧室被分为形成在容纳在气缸盖中的插入衬套中的主腔和次腔。 主腔容纳相当丰富的混合物，其进入二次腔，并且主燃烧室接收相对贫的混合物。 火花塞与主腔相通。 长的火炬通道将主腔与主燃烧室的中心部分连接，并且一个或多个短的割炬通道将二次腔连接到主燃烧室的周边部分。 目的是减少NOx的排放，而不会对CO和HC的排放产生不利影响，并提高燃油经济性。
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