Abstract:
This invention relates to polyurethane foams capable of high temperature service with relatively low thermal expansion or degradation. These polyurethane foams are prepared using an aminic polyol. The polyurethane foams are blown with a controlled amount of water and fluorohalocarbons.
Abstract:
THE DISCLOSED INVENTION RELATES TO OPAQUE FILMS WITH ENHANCED OPTICAL PROPERTIES PRODUCED BY THE INCLUSION OF PIGMENTS, FLUORESCENT MATERIALS AND OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS IN THE OPAQUE FILMS IN SUCH A MANNER AS TO MAXIMIZE THEIR EFFECTIVENESS THEREIN. THE FILMS OF THIS INVENTION, ABSENT THE ABOVE DESCRIBED ADDITIVES, ARE MICROPOROUS AND OPAQUE IN AND OF THEMSELVES. THEREFORE, LESSER AMOUNTS OF THE ADDITIVES ARE NECESSARY TO OBTAIN DESIRED OPTICAL PROPERTIES. THE PREPARATION OF THE FILMS OF THE DISCLOSED INVENTION INVOLVES THE MIXING OF A FILM FORMING POLYMER WITH A SOLVENT MIXTURE FOR THE FILM FORMING POLYMER, WHEREBY THE SOLVENT MIXTURE COMPRISES AT LEAST TWO MISCIBLE LIQUIDS, AT LEAST ONE OF THE LIQUIDS BEING A NONSOLVENT FOR THE POLYMER AND HAVING A LOWER VOLATILITY THAN THAT OF THE OTHER LIQUIDS IN THE MIXTURE. THE POLYMER SOLVENT MIXTURE IS THEN APPLIED TO A SUBSTRATE AND THE SOLVENT MIXTURE IS REMOVED AS BY EVAPORATION. DURING THE REMOVAL, A GELLED FILM HAVING ENTRAPPED THEREIN THE LOW VOLATILITY NON-SOLVENT IS FIRST FORMED AND UPON FURTHER EVAPORATION, THE NON-SOLVENT IS REMOVED, LEAVING BEHIND SMALL CLOSED VOIDS IN ITS PLACE. THESE VOIDS CAUSE THE FILM TO BE OPAQUE.
THE ADDED INGREDIENTS ARE INCLUDED BY DISPERSING THEM IN THE SOLVENT MIXTURE OF THE ABOVE-DESCRIBED PROCESS PRIOR TO THE REMOVAL OF THE SOLVENT MIXTURE FROM THE COMPOSITION.
Abstract:
THE DISCLOSED INVENTION RELATES TO OPAQUE FILMS WITH ENHANCED OPTICAL PROPERTIES PRODUCED BY THE THE INCLUSION OF SOLUBLE FLUORESCENT MATERIALS AND OTPICAL BRIGHTENERS IN THE OPAQUE FILMS IN SUCH A MANNER AS TO MAXIMIZE THEIR EFFECTIVENESS THEREIN. THE FILMS OF THID INVENTION, ABSENT THE ABOVE DESCRIBED ADDITIVES, ARE NON-POROUS, MICROCELLULAR AND OPAQUE IN AN OF THEMSELVES. THEREFORE, LESSER AMOUNTS OF THE ADDITIVES ARE NECESSARY TO OBTAIN DESIRED OPTICAL PROPERTIES. THE PREPARATION OF THE FILMS OF THE DISCLOSED INVENTION INVOLVES THE MIXING OF A FILMS FORMING POLYMER WITH A SOLVENT MIXTURE FOR THE FILM FORMING POLYMER, WHEREBY THE SOLVENT MIXTURE COMPRISES AT LEAST TWO MISCIBLE LIQUIDS, AT LEAST ONE OF THE LIQUIDS BEING A NONSOLVENT FOR THE POLYMER AND HAVING A LOWER VOLATILITY THAN THAT OF THE OTHER LIQUIDS IN THE MIXTURE AND A FLOURESCENT MATERIAL OR AN OPTICAL BRIGHTENER WHICH IS SOLUBLE IN SAID COMPOSITION. THE POLYMER SOLVENT MIXTURE IS THEN APPLIED TO A SUBSTRATE AND THE SOLVENT MIXTURE IS REMOVED AS BY EVAPORATION. DURING THE REMOVAL, A GELL FILM HAVING ENTRAPPED THEREIN THE LOW VOLATILTIY NON-SOLVENT IS FIRST FORMED AND UPON FURTHER EVAPORTATION, THE NON-SOLVENT IS REMOVED, LEAVING BEHIND SMALL CLOSED VOIDS IN ITS PLACE. THESE VIODS CAUSE THE FILM TO BE OPAQUE. THE ADDED INGREDIENTS ARE INCLUDED BY DISSOLVING THE IN THE SOLVENT MIXTURE OF THE ABOVE-DESCRIBED PROCESS PRIOR TO THE REMOVAL OF THE SOLVENT MIXTURE FROM THE COMPOSITION.
Abstract:
THE DISCLOSED INVENTION RELATES TO IMPROVED OPAQUE FILMS WHICH ARE CONTINUOUS, MICROCELLULAR AND NON-POROUS POSSESSING UNUSUAL HIDING ABILITY AND OPACITY. THE FILMS OF THIS INVENTION ARE PREPARED FROM A NOVEL LATEX MIXTURE COMPRISING: NON-ELASTOMERIC POLYMERIC MATERIAL, WATER, NON-SOLVENT FOR THE POLYMERIC MATERIAL IN A WEIGHT RATIO OF NON-SOLVENT TO POLYMER SOLIDS OF ABOUT 0.05 TO ABOUT 3:1.0 AND AN OPACIFYING PIGMENT IN A WEIGHT RATIO OF PIGMENT TO POLYMER SOLIDS OF FROM ABOUT 0.1 TO ABOUT 5:1. THE NON-SOLVENT IS SELECTED SUCH THAT IT HAS A BOILING POINT RANGE ABOVE THAT OF WATER AND HAVING SUFFICIENTLY LOW VOLATILITY TO REMAIN ENTRAPPED IN THE POLYMERIC MATRIX WHEN THE COMPOSITION HAS REACHED A QUASI-RIGID OR TACKFREE STATE WHEN APPLIED AS A FILM. ONCE THE FILM HAS BECOME TACK-FREE THE NON-SOLVENT IS EVAPORATED SO AS TO LEAVE BEHIND MINUTE, CLOSED CELLS WHICH ENHANCE THE HIDING AND OPACITY OF THE FILM. THE DISCLOSED INVENTION ALSO RELATES TO OPAQUE FILMS WITH ENHANCED OPTICAL PROPERTIES PRODUCED BY THE INCLUSION OF COLORED PIGMENTS, DYES FLUORESCENT MATERIALS AND OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS IN THE UNUSUALLY OPACIFIED FILMS IN SUCH A MANNER AS TO MAXIMIZE THEIR EFFECTIVE NESS THEREIN.
Abstract:
THE DISCLOSED INVENTION RELATES TO FILMS FROM A NOVEL LATEX MIXTURE WHICH ARE NON-POROUS, MICROCELLULAR AND OPAQUE IN THE ABSENCE OF AN OPACIFYING AGENT. THE PREPARATION OF THE FILMS OF THE DISCLOSED INVENTION COMPRISES PROVIDING CONTROL TECHNIQUES FOR ENTRAPPING A SUFFICIENT AMOUNT OF A LIQUID NON-SOLVENT FOR THE POLYMER IN THE POLYMER MATRIX OF A LATEX AFTER THE CONTINOUS PHASE REMOVAL, SO THAT UPON EVAPORATION OF THE NONSOLVENT FROM A COALESCED AND TACK-FREE POLYMER MATRIX, A RESULTING OPAQUE
AND CONTINUOUS, NON-POROUS FILM IS PRODUCED WHICH WILL HAVE MINUTE, DISCRETE AND SUBSTANTIALLYCLOSED VOIDS AND WHICH IS OPAQUE IN THE ABSENCE OF AN OPACIFYING AGENT SUCH AS PIGMENT. THE DISCLOSED INVENTION ALSO RELATED TO OPAQUE FILMS WITH ENHANCED OPTICAL PROPERTIES PRODUCED BY THE INCLUSION OF PIGMENTS, FLORESCENT MATERIALS AND OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS IN THE OPAQUE FILMS IN SUCH A MANNER AS TO MAXIMIZE THEIR EFFECTIVENESS THEREIN.
Abstract:
THIS INVENTION RELATES TO FILMS WHICH ARE OPAQUE AND MICROPOROUS, BUT WHICH DO NOT CONTAIN PIGMENTS TO ENHANCE THEIR WHITENESS. THE CONTINUOUS, OPAQUE FILMS ARE PREPARED BY MIXING A HOMOGENEOUS SOLUTION OF THERMOSETTING POLYMERIC MATERIAL WITH A SOLVENT MIXTURE FOR SAID POLYMERIC MATERIAL COMPRISING AT LEAST TWO MISCIBLE LIQUIDS, AT LEAST ONE OF SAID LIQUIDS BEING A NON-SOLVENT FOR SAID POLYMERIC MATERIAL AND HAVING A LOWER VOLATILITY THAN THAT OF THE OTHER LIQUIDS IN SAID MIXTURE. UPON CURING OF THE RESIN MATERIAL, THE NON-SOLVENT WHICH IS PRECIPITATED IN THE RESIN MATRIX IS EVAPORATED TO FORM A FILM CONTAINING DISCRETE CLOSED CELLS. THE FILMS ARE USEFUL IN PRODUCING HEAT AND MAR RESISTANT PAINTS AND COATINGS WITHOUT THE ADDITON OF COSTLY PIGMENTS.
Abstract:
Disclosed herein are various coatable films which have entrapped within their polymeric matrix minute droplets of a liquid nonsolvent. The polymeric matrix and non-solvent are chosen such that there is effected about the film a controlled release of the non-solvent from the film. Utility lies in choosing the nonsolvent so that it comprises substances such as perfumes, deodorants, air fresheners, medicines, pesticides, corrosion inhibitors, fungicides, etc. The atmospheres generated are thus used to supply the various substances to a needy environment.