公开(公告)号：US06989486B2

公开(公告)日：2006-01-24

申请号：US10961962

申请日：2004-10-08

申请人： Paul A. Lovoi ,  Peter C. Smith ,  Alex Lim

发明人： Paul A. Lovoi ,  Peter C. Smith ,  Alex Lim

IPC分类号： H01B7/34 ,  H01B7/00

CPC分类号： A61N5/1001 ,  A61N5/1002 ,  H01J9/04 ,  H01J9/24 ,  H01J35/06 ,  H01J35/32 ,  H01J2235/02 ,  H01J2235/164

摘要： In a miniature x-ray tube, which may be on the order of approximately 1 mm in diameter or even less, a high voltage cable is provided in various embodiments for conducting current to the cathode of the x-ray tube and for conducting high voltage to the cathode and anode of the tube. In various embodiments of the cable, two conductors occupy a center region of the cable, packed as closely together as possible, in various shapes that are compact and present as smooth as possible an external shape for maximizing dielectric properties against the exterior high voltage ground, surrounding and generally concentric with the inner conductors. The inner conductors, which carry high voltage in opposition to the outer ground, can be in opposed D shapes, coaxial, two flattened conductors side by side, or simply a pair of cylindrical wires positioned as closely as possible. The space between the inner conductors and the outer ground can be occupied by a glass insulator, polymer, successive layers of polymers and adhesive, air, gas, vacuum or other dielectrics. A partially conductive region can surround the inner conductors.

摘要翻译： 在可以在大约1mm直径甚至更小的数量级的微型X射线管中，在各种实施例中提供高压电缆用于将电流传导到x射线管的阴极和用于传导高电压 到管的阴极和阳极。 在电缆的各种实施例中，两个导体占据电缆的中心区域，尽可能紧密地包装在各种形状中，其形状紧凑并且呈现尽可能平滑的外部形状，用于使外部高压地面的介电特性最大化， 围绕并且与内部导体大致同心。 承载与外部地面相对的高电压的内部导体可以彼此相对的D形状，同轴的，两个扁平的导体，或简单的一对圆柱形的电线尽可能靠近。 内部导体和外部地面之间的空间可以由玻璃绝缘体，聚合物，连续的聚合物层和粘合剂，空气，气体，真空或其它电介质占据。 部分导电区域可以围绕内部导体。

公开(公告)号：US07127033B2

公开(公告)日：2006-10-24

申请号：US10789653

申请日：2004-02-28

申请人： Paul A. Lovoi ,  John Rieke ,  Alex Lim ,  Peter C. Smith ,  Thomas W. Rusch

发明人： Paul A. Lovoi ,  John Rieke ,  Alex Lim ,  Peter C. Smith ,  Thomas W. Rusch

IPC分类号： H01J35/32

CPC分类号： A61N5/1002 ,  A61M25/003 ,  A61M25/10 ,  A61M2025/0004 ,  A61M2025/0034 ,  A61M2025/0036 ,  A61M2025/0039 ,  A61N2005/005 ,  A61N2005/1022 ,  H01J35/32 ,  H01J2235/1216 ,  H01J2235/122 ,  H01J2235/1262 ,  H05G1/025

摘要： A miniature x-ray tube is cooled using a catheter preferably having multiple small lumens for inflow and outflow of coolant. Inflow may be through an outer lumen(s) in a concentric-extrusion catheter, the liquid turning back at the distal end of the catheter to a proximal flow over the anode end of the x-ray tube and through an inner lumen within which the x-ray tube is positioned. A coolant distribution head may engage with the anode end of the x-ray tube, with small orifices so as to distribute coolant essentially evenly over the anode surface. Temperature and flow rate of the inflowing coolant liquid are balanced so as to optimize heat transfer while efficiently carrying coolant through small lumens without the need for high pressures. Some embodiments use the inflation liquid in an applicator balloon as the coolant, with the liquid actively flowing or, in a simplified system, with the liquid static.

摘要翻译： 使用优选具有用于冷却剂的流入和流出的多个小流明的导管来冷却微型X射线管。 流入可以穿过同心挤出导管中的外腔，液体在导管的远端处返回到X射线管的阳极端上的近端流动并且穿过内腔，在内腔内 x射线管被定位。 冷却剂分配头可以与X射线管的阳极端接合，具有小孔，以便将冷却剂基本均匀地分布在阳极表面上。 流入的冷却剂液体的温度和流速是平衡的，以便优化热传递，同时有效地将冷却剂携带在小流明中，而不需要高压。 一些实施例使用施用器气囊中的充气液体作为冷却剂，其中液体主动地流动，或者在简化的系统中使液体静止。

公开(公告)号：US07130381B2

公开(公告)日：2006-10-31

申请号：US11291020

申请日：2005-11-30

申请人： Paul A. Lovoi ,  Petre H. Vatahov ,  Earl E. Dozier ,  Peter C. Smith ,  Leonard Reed ,  Robert G. Neimeyer

发明人： Paul A. Lovoi ,  Petre H. Vatahov ,  Earl E. Dozier ,  Peter C. Smith ,  Leonard Reed ,  Robert G. Neimeyer

IPC分类号： H01J35/06

CPC分类号： H01J35/06 ,  H01J35/14

摘要： Methods for connecting electrical potential to an extractor cup at the cathode of a miniature x-ray tube are disclosed. The various connection schemes are designed to form a rugged and conveniently manufacturable connection between the metal extractor cup and one side of the cathode filament, so that the extractor cup shapes the path of electrons as desired en route to the anode of the tube. Some of the disclosed connections involve evaporation of conductive metal or other materials off the filament when the filament is first activated. Others involve applying a paste or paint conductive precursor directly to a base to connect a post and the extractor, the paste being heat-cured after the completion of assembly. Others involve a fine wire or spring strip from one filament post to the walls of the extractor cup. Other schemes include welded or brazed wires or foil, crimping, pinching, swaging and other connections, all made inside the tube enclosure.

公开(公告)号：US07130380B2

公开(公告)日：2006-10-31

申请号：US10799450

申请日：2004-03-13

申请人： Paul A. Lovoi ,  Petre H. Vatahov ,  Earl E. Dozier ,  Peter C. Smith ,  Leonard Reed ,  Robert G. Neimeyer

发明人： Paul A. Lovoi ,  Petre H. Vatahov ,  Earl E. Dozier ,  Peter C. Smith ,  Leonard Reed ,  Robert G. Neimeyer

IPC分类号： H01J35/32

CPC分类号： H01J35/06 ,  H01J35/14

摘要： Methods for connecting electrical potential to an extractor cup at the cathode of a miniature x-ray tube are disclosed. The various connection schemes are designed to form a rugged and conveniently manufacturable connection between the metal extractor cup and one side of the cathode filament, so that the extractor cup shapes the path of electrons as desired en route to the anode of the tube. Some of the disclosed connections involve evaporation of conductive metal or other materials off the filament when the filament is first activated. Others involve applying a paste or paint conductive precursor directly to a base to connect a post and the extractor, the paste being heat-cured after the completion of assembly. Others involve a fine wire or spring strip from one filament post to the walls of the extractor cup. Other schemes include welded or brazed wires or foil, crimping, pinching, swaging and other connections, all made inside the tube enclosure.

公开(公告)号：US07686755B2

公开(公告)日：2010-03-30

申请号：US11471277

申请日：2006-06-19

申请人： Peter C. Smith ,  Michael Klein ,  Heike Hausen ,  Paul A. Lovoi

发明人： Peter C. Smith ,  Michael Klein ,  Heike Hausen ,  Paul A. Lovoi

IPC分类号： A61N5/00

CPC分类号： A61N5/1015 ,  A61B2017/22051 ,  A61B2090/0481 ,  A61N2005/1003 ,  A61N2005/1005 ,  A61N2005/1094

摘要： Brachytherapy applicators incorporate various forms of selective shielding devices for controlling the direction and intensity of radiation directed at a patient's tissue. In some forms the applicators include a retractable sheath, in some a series of retractable fingers. In other forms the applicator, having an inflatable balloon, has a shield which is retractable from a position adjacent to the balloon or retracted from the balloon, or a shield can itself be inflatable, separately or together with the balloon.

摘要翻译： 近程放射治疗仪包括各种形式的选择性屏蔽装置，用于控制指向患者组织的辐射的方向和强度。 在一些形式中，施用器包括可伸缩护套，在一些可伸缩的手指中。 在其他形式中，具有可膨胀气囊的施用器具有可从邻近气囊的位置缩回或从球囊缩回的护罩，或者屏蔽件本身可以与气囊分开地或与气囊一起充气。

公开(公告)号：US20080009658A1

公开(公告)日：2008-01-10

申请号：US11471013

申请日：2006-06-19

申请人： Peter C. Smith ,  Michael Klein ,  Heike Hausen ,  Paul A. Lovoi

发明人： Peter C. Smith ,  Michael Klein ,  Heike Hausen ,  Paul A. Lovoi

IPC分类号： A61N5/00

CPC分类号： A61N5/1015 ,  A61B2017/22051 ,  A61B2090/0481 ,  A61N2005/1003 ,  A61N2005/1005 ,  A61N2005/1094

摘要： Brachytherapy applicators incorporate various forms of selective shielding devices for controlling the direction and intensity of radiation directed at a patient's tissue. In some forms the applicators include a retractable sheath, in some a series of retractable fingers. In other forms the applicator, having an inflatable balloon, has a shield which is retractable from a position adjacent to the balloon or retracted from the balloon, or a shield can itself be inflatable, separately or together with the balloon.

公开(公告)号：US07351193B2

公开(公告)日：2008-04-01

申请号：US11234824

申请日：2005-09-22

申请人： Michael Forman ,  Paul A. Lovoi ,  Peter C. Smith

发明人： Michael Forman ,  Paul A. Lovoi ,  Peter C. Smith

IPC分类号： A61N5/00

CPC分类号： A61N5/1001 ,  A61B2090/306 ,  A61F9/0079 ,  A61N5/0601 ,  A61N5/062 ,  A61N5/1017 ,  A61N2005/0651 ,  A61N2005/0659 ,  A61N2005/1022 ,  A61N2005/1098

摘要： Age-related macular degeneration is treated by radiation delivered from a miniature x-ray tube inserted via a catheter around the globe of the eye, to a position behind the macula. The process can employ an applicator with several parallel guides, inserted around the eye to receive the catheter with x-ray tube (or an isotope) at a matrix of different positions. Methods are described for properly locating the catheter and x-ray tube, using illumination on the catheter and viewing through the front of the eye, or sensors on the catheter and a scanned beam shone from the front of the eye. Fluorescent material excited by x-rays can also be used. Also described are methods and devices for immobilizing the probe once properly located in the eye, for standoff of the x-ray tube from the target tissue, and for achieving prescription radiation dose in the choroid while eliminating dose to adjacent tissues. The x-ray treatment can be enhanced using a radiosensitizing drug, and can be combined with PDT.

摘要翻译： 年龄相关性黄斑变性通过从通过眼睛周围的导管插入的微型X射线管递送到黄斑后面的位置进行治疗。 该过程可以使用具有多个平行引导件的施用器，其插入眼睛周围以在不同位置的基质处接收具有x射线管（或同位素）的导管。 描述了用于适当地定位导管和X射线管的方法，使用导管上的照明和通过眼睛前方观察，或导管上的传感器以及从眼前方照射的扫描光束。 也可以使用由X射线激发的荧光材料。 还描述了一旦适当地定位在眼睛中来固定探针的方法和装置，用于X射线管与靶组织的间隔，并且用于在消除相邻组织的剂量的同时获得脉络膜中的处方辐射剂量。 可以使用放射增敏药物来增强X射线治疗，并且可以与PDT组合。

公开(公告)号：US20080009659A1

公开(公告)日：2008-01-10

申请号：US11471277

申请日：2006-06-19

申请人： Peter C. Smith ,  Michael Klein ,  Heike Hausen ,  Paul A. Lovoi

发明人： Peter C. Smith ,  Michael Klein ,  Heike Hausen ,  Paul A. Lovoi

IPC分类号： A61N5/00

CPC分类号： A61N5/1015 ,  A61B2017/22051 ,  A61B2090/0481 ,  A61N2005/1003 ,  A61N2005/1005 ,  A61N2005/1094

摘要： Brachytherapy applicators incorporate various forms of selective shielding devices for controlling the direction and intensity of radiation directed at a patient's tissue. In some forms the applicators include a retractable sheath, in some a series of retractable fingers. In other forms the applicator, having an inflatable balloon, has a shield which is retractable from a position adjacent to the balloon or retracted from the balloon, or a shield can itself be inflatable, separately or together with the balloon.

摘要翻译： 近程放射治疗仪包括各种形式的选择性屏蔽装置，用于控制指向患者组织的辐射的方向和强度。 在一些形式中，施用器包括可伸缩护套，在一些可伸缩的手指中。 在其他形式中，具有可膨胀气囊的施用器具有可从邻近气囊的位置缩回或从球囊缩回的护罩，或者屏蔽件本身可以与气囊分开地或与气囊一起充气。

公开(公告)号：US08354658B1

公开(公告)日：2013-01-15

申请号：US12800083

申请日：2010-05-06

申请人： Peter C. Smith ,  Steve Axelrod ,  Paul A. Lovoi

发明人： Peter C. Smith ,  Steve Axelrod ,  Paul A. Lovoi

IPC分类号： G21F3/02

CPC分类号： G21F1/125 ,  G21F3/02 ,  G21Y2002/201 ,  G21Y2002/501 ,  G21Y2004/30

摘要： A flexible, lightweight radiation absorbing sheet or shield includes heavy metal particles in one layer and mid-atomic number particles in another layer, the layer that will be adjacent to the patient. The shield is particularly intended for protection of the wearer and others from radiation emanating from a therapeutic source positioned within the patient's body. With the disclosed multi-layer shield construction, backscattered radiation off the heavy metal particle layer, affecting the patient's adjacent tissue, is minimized.

摘要翻译： 柔性，轻便的辐射吸收片或屏蔽层包括一层中的重金属颗粒和另一层中的原子序数颗粒，该层将与患者相邻。 护罩特别用于保护佩戴者和其他人免受来自位于患者体内的治疗源的辐射。 利用所公开的多层屏蔽结构，使重金属颗粒层的背散射辐射，影响患者的相邻组织，被最小化。

公开(公告)号：US07158612B2

公开(公告)日：2007-01-02

申请号：US10371401

申请日：2003-02-21

申请人： Thomas W. Rusch ,  Peter C. Smith ,  Steven D. Hansen ,  Paul A. Lovoi ,  Donald G. Pellinen

发明人： Thomas W. Rusch ,  Peter C. Smith ,  Steven D. Hansen ,  Paul A. Lovoi ,  Donald G. Pellinen

IPC分类号： H01J35/32 ,  H01J35/20

CPC分类号： H01J35/08 ,  H01J35/32 ,  H01J2235/081 ,  H01J2235/087 ,  H01J2235/164

摘要： A miniature x-ray tube has an anode assembly capable of transmitting x-rays through the anode and over a wide angular range. The anode is in the shape of a cone or truncated cone with an axis on the x-ray tube frame axis, formed of low-Z material with high thermal conductivity for heat dissipation. A target material on the anode body is in a thin layer, which may be approximately 0.5 to 5 microns thick. In one embodiment a tube evacuation exhaust port at the tail end of the anode assembly forms a cavity for a getter, with a pinched-off tubulation at the end of the cavity.

摘要翻译： 微型x射线管具有能够通过阳极透射x射线并且在宽角度范围内的阳极组件。 阳极呈圆锥形或截锥形，X射线管框架轴上具有轴，由具有高导热性的低Z材料形成，用于散热。 阳极体上的目标材料为薄层，其厚度可为约0.5至5微米。 在一个实施例中，在阳极组件的尾端处的排气排气口形成用于吸气剂的空腔，在空腔的端部处具有夹断的管道。