公开(公告)号：US20110063841A1

公开(公告)日：2011-03-17

申请号：US12559595

申请日：2009-09-15

申请人： Paul S. Lebow ,  Keith A. Snail

发明人： Paul S. Lebow ,  Keith A. Snail

IPC分类号： F21V7/06

CPC分类号： F21V7/06 ,  F21V7/0025 ,  F21Y2115/10 ,  G02B19/0023 ,  G02B19/0061 ,  G02B19/0071

摘要： A lighting apparatus is presented, having a Lambertian or quasi-Lambertian light source with an emitter side, as well as a reflector structure having an output side and a reflective surface with a concave parabolic contour that reflects light from the emitter side of the light source to provide Lambertian or quasi-Lambertian output light from the output side.

摘要翻译： 呈现具有发射极侧的朗伯或准朗伯光源的照明装置，以及具有输出侧的反射器结构和具有凹面的抛物线轮廓的反射面，反射面反射来自光源的发射极侧的光 以从输出侧提供朗伯或准朗伯式输出光。

公开(公告)号：US06927850B1

公开(公告)日：2005-08-09

申请号：US09430132

申请日：1987-10-09

申请人： Keith A. Snail ,  Kevin F. Carr

发明人： Keith A. Snail ,  Kevin F. Carr

IPC分类号： G01N21/01 ,  G01N21/47

CPC分类号： G01N21/474

摘要： Disclosed is an integrating sphere for measuring the diffuse reflectivity of material samples in the infrared. The sphere is disposed in an airtight vacuum chamber under an atmosphere that does not absorb in the infrared. The sphere has two positions at which a sample may be mounted, one on a rod at the sphere's center, another on the sphere's wall, each mounting position corresponding to two different modes of testing samples. The rod acts as a mounting pedestal for a center mounted sample, and is rotatably mounted about its elongate vertical axis so that the sample can rotate with the rod in a horizontal plane. The rod penetrates the sphere and the chamber, and terminates in a knob or handle by which the rod can be rotated to position the sample at a preselected angle. Adjacent to the position for wall mounting, there is a sample heater. This configuration allows one to measure diffuse reflectance of a sample as a function of incidence angle and temperature. In the center-mount configuration, the handle enables one to anglularly reposition a center mounted sample without the need to vent and replenish the chamber's atmosphere after each test.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于测量红外线中材料样品的漫反射率的积分球。 将球体置于不吸收红外线的气氛下的气密真空室内。 球体有两个位置可以安装样品，一个位于球体中心的杆上，另一个位于球体壁上，每个安装位置对应于两种不同的测试样品模式。 杆用作中心安装的样品的安装基座，并且围绕其细长的垂直轴线可旋转地安装，使得样品可以在水平面中与杆一起旋转。 杆穿透球体和腔室，并且终止于旋钮或手柄中，杆可以通过该旋钮或手柄旋转以将样品定位在预选角度。 靠近墙壁安装的位置，有一个样品加热器。 该配置允许测量样品的漫反射率作为入射角和温度的函数。 在中心安装配置中，手柄可以使一个中心安装的样品角度地重新定位，而不需要在每次测试之后排空和补充腔室的气氛。

公开(公告)号：US5318801A

公开(公告)日：1994-06-07

申请号：US62889

申请日：1993-05-18

申请人： Keith A. Snail ,  Thomas P. Thorpe

发明人： Keith A. Snail ,  Thomas P. Thorpe

IPC分类号： B01J12/00 ,  C23C16/46 ,  C23C16/52 ,  C23C16/00 ,  B01J3/06

CPC分类号： C23C16/463 ,  B01J12/005 ,  C23C16/46 ,  C23C16/466 ,  C23C16/52

摘要： One of the critical experimental parameters affecting the quality and gro rate of chemical vapor deposition species, such as, diamond is the substrate temperature. An apparatus and technique for the precise control of the substrate temperature in a chemical vapor deposition environment has been developed. In a preferred embodiment, the technique uses a variable gas mixture in conjunction with the disclosed apparatus of the present invention to precisely control the temperature of the substrate to within at least .+-.20.degree. C. for extended periods of time and over large area substrates on the order of 1" in diameter or larger.

摘要翻译： 影响化学气相沉积物质（如金刚石）的质量和生长速度的关键实验参数之一是衬底温度。 已经开发了用于在化学气相沉积环境中精确控制衬底温度的装置和技术。 在优选的实施方案中，该技术结合本发明的所公开的装置使用可变气体混合物，以将衬底的温度精确控制在至少+/- 20℃内延长的时间段和大面积 大约1“或更大的衬底。

公开(公告)号：US5527392A

公开(公告)日：1996-06-18

申请号：US213210

申请日：1994-03-15

申请人： Keith A. Snail ,  Thomas P. Thorpe

发明人： Keith A. Snail ,  Thomas P. Thorpe

IPC分类号： B01J12/00 ,  C23C16/46 ,  C23C16/52 ,  C23C16/00

CPC分类号： C23C16/463 ,  B01J12/005 ,  C23C16/46 ,  C23C16/466 ,  C23C16/52

摘要： One of the critical experimental parameters affecting the quality and gro rate of chemical vapor deposition species, such as, diamond is the substrate temperature. An apparatus and technique for the precise control of the substrate temperature in a chemical vapor deposition environment has been developed. In a preferred embodiment, the technique uses a variable gas mixture in conjunction with the disclosed apparatus of the present invention to precisely control the temperature of the substrate to within at least .+-.20.degree. C. for extended periods of time and over large area substrates on the order of 1" in diameter or larger.

摘要翻译： 影响化学气相沉积物质（如金刚石）的质量和生长速度的关键实验参数之一是衬底温度。 已经开发了用于在化学气相沉积环境中精确控制衬底温度的装置和技术。 在优选的实施方案中，该技术结合本发明的所公开的装置使用可变气体混合物，以将衬底的温度精确控制在至少+/- 20℃内延长的时间段和大面积 大约1“或更大的衬底。

公开(公告)号：US5174983A

公开(公告)日：1992-12-29

申请号：US587328

申请日：1990-09-24

申请人： Keith A. Snail

发明人： Keith A. Snail

IPC分类号： C01B31/06 ,  C23C16/26 ,  C23C16/27 ,  C23C16/513 ,  C30B25/10 ,  C30B29/04

CPC分类号： C23C16/275 ,  C23C16/513 ,  C30B25/105

摘要： A method for synthesizing diamond which comprises flowing together a gaseous carbon source and a gaseous hydrogen source to form an at least partially turbulent mixture. The at least partially turbulent mixture is excited to form an at least partially turbulent reactive species which is reacted to form a deposition species. A substrate is disposed in the deposition species while maintaining the substrate at a temperature for the deposition of diamond, thereby inducing deposition of diamond on the substrate.

摘要翻译： 一种用于合成金刚石的方法，其包括将气态碳源和气态氢源一起流动以形成至少部分紊流的混合物。 激发至少部分湍流的混合物以形成至少部分湍流的反应性物质，其被反应以形成沉积物质。 将衬底设置在沉积物质中，同时将衬底保持在沉积金刚石的温度，从而诱导金刚石沉积在衬底上。

公开(公告)号：US5804321A

公开(公告)日：1998-09-08

申请号：US99640

申请日：1993-07-30

申请人： Thomas P. Thorpe ,  Keith A. Snail

发明人： Thomas P. Thorpe ,  Keith A. Snail

IPC分类号： B23K35/32 ,  B24D18/00 ,  C04B37/02 ,  C30B33/00 ,  C30B29/04

CPC分类号： C30B33/00 ,  B23K35/327 ,  B24D18/00 ,  C04B37/025 ,  C04B37/026 ,  C30B29/04 ,  C04B2235/5436 ,  C04B2235/6567 ,  C04B2235/6581 ,  C04B2237/083 ,  C04B2237/122 ,  C04B2237/123 ,  C04B2237/125 ,  C04B2237/127 ,  C04B2237/363 ,  C04B2237/403 ,  C04B2237/55 ,  C04B2237/60 ,  C04B2237/704 ,  C04B2237/706 ,  C04B2237/708 ,  C04B2237/72 ,  C04B2237/76 ,  C04B2237/86 ,  Y10T428/12549 ,  Y10T428/12625 ,  Y10T428/12875

摘要： A unitary article that is solid at a temperature in excess of about 1100.ree. C. which includes a diamond, a metal, and a brazing material brazing the diamond and the metal. The brazing material includes a metal carbide adhering to the diamond and a platinum family metal or nickel adhering to the metal. The platinum family metal has dissolved therein carbide forming metal and contains particles of metal carbide. The article is made by depositing a platinum family metal or nickel on a metal melting above the melting point of the platinum family metal or nickel, depositing a carbide forming metal which is soluble in molten platinum family metal or nickel, heating the assembly until platinum family metal or nickel is in a molten state, and cooling the molten platinum family metal or nickel to a solid state. In another embodiment, the article of this invention is made by depositing an alloy of nickel and chromium on a metal melting above the melting point of the alloy, depositing a diamond on the alloy, heating to melt the alloy, and cooling the alloy to a solid state.

摘要翻译： 在超过约1100℃的温度下固体的单体制品，其包括金刚石，金属和钎焊金刚石和金属的钎焊材料。 钎焊材料包括附着在金刚石上的金属碳化物和附着在金属上的铂族金属或镍。 铂族金属已经溶解有碳化物形成金属并且含有金属碳化物颗粒。 该物品通过在铂族金属或镍的熔点以上的金属熔融物上沉积铂族金属或镍制成，沉积可溶于熔融铂族金属或镍的碳化物形成金属，加热组件直至铂族 金属或镍处于熔融状态，并将熔融的铂族金属或镍冷却至固态。 在另一个实施方案中，本发明的制品是通过在合金熔点以上的金属熔体上沉积镍和铬的合金，在合金上沉积金刚石，加热熔化合金，并将合金冷却至 固体状态。

公开(公告)号：US5517315A

公开(公告)日：1996-05-14

申请号：US143098

申请日：1993-10-29

申请人： Keith A. Snail ,  Roy Schiff ,  David B. Chenault ,  Leonard M. Hanssen

发明人： Keith A. Snail ,  Roy Schiff ,  David B. Chenault ,  Leonard M. Hanssen

IPC分类号： G01N21/47 ,  G01N21/55 ,  G01B9/02 ,  G01J1/04

CPC分类号： G01N21/474

摘要： A reflectometer wherein a light having a predetermined wavelength is projected into an integrating sphere containing a sample whose reflectance is to be measured. As the projected light strikes the sample, rays are reflected back the walls of the integrating sphere; some of which strike the area within the field-of-view of a concentrator. The rays striking within the field-of-view of the concentrator are focused upon a detector element which allows one to determine the reflectance of the sample. A control means is utilized to control the wavelength of the projected light through a spectrophotometer, and calculate the reflectance of the sample.

摘要翻译： 一种反射计，其中具有预定波长的光被投射到包含要测量其反射率的样品的积分球中。 当投影光照射样品时，光线被反射回积分球的壁面; 其中一些在集中器的视野内进入该地区。 在集中器的视野内撞击的光线聚焦在检测器元件上，该检测器元件允许确定样品的反射率。 使用控制装置通过分光光度计控制投影光的波长，并计算样品的反射率。

公开(公告)号：US5745234A

公开(公告)日：1998-04-28

申请号：US509480

申请日：1995-07-31

申请人： Keith A. Snail ,  Leonard Hanssen ,  David Chenault

发明人： Keith A. Snail ,  Leonard Hanssen ,  David Chenault

IPC分类号： G01J1/04

CPC分类号： G01J1/04 ,  G01J1/0422 ,  G01J2001/0481

摘要： A reflectometer and a method for measuring the reflectance and transmittance of material using an integrating sphere and a light concentrator. The reflectance and transmittance measurements are performed as a function of the angle of incidence of a beam of light onto a sample and reference material. In a preferred embodiment, a CHC-lens concentrator having a high f/# and a low index of refraction is used.

摘要翻译： 反射计和使用积分球和光集中器测量材料的反射率和透射率的方法。 反射率和透射率测量作为光束入射到样品和参考材料上的角度的函数来执行。 在优选实施例中，使用具有高f /λ和低折射率的CHC透镜聚焦器。

公开(公告)号：US5704976A

公开(公告)日：1998-01-06

申请号：US697060

申请日：1991-05-08

申请人： Keith A. Snail

发明人： Keith A. Snail

IPC分类号： C30B25/10 ,  C30B29/02

CPC分类号： C30B25/105

摘要： A method for synthesizing large, single crystal diamond comprising mixing carbon source and a hydrogen source to form a mixture. The mixture is excited and reacted to form a reactive species in a laminar plasma plume. A substrate having a diamond seed crystal is disposed in the laminar plasma plume while maintaining the diamond seed crystal at a growth temperature between 1100.degree. and 1700.degree. C. for the deposition of diamond, thereby inducing deposition of single crystal diamond on the diamond seed crystal. An apparatus for synthesizing diamond (10;15) comprising a plasma torch (30;31) for producing a laminar plasma plume (44;54). A carbon source (CH.sub.4) and a hydrogen source (H.sub.2,CH.sub.4) are excited and reacted in the laminar plasma plume (44;54) so as to form a reactive species in the laminar plasma plume (44;54). A positioning device is used to dispose a substrate (11) having a diamond seed crystal in the laminar plasma plume (44;54), while a temperature maintaining device (12) is used to maintain the diamond seed crystal at a temperature between 1100.degree. and 1700.degree. C., thereby inducing deposition of single crystal diamond on the diamond seed crystal mounted on substrate (11).

摘要翻译： 一种合成大型单晶金刚石的方法，其包括将碳源和氢源混合以形成混合物。 混合物被激发并反应以在层流等离子体羽流中形成反应性物质。 将具有金刚石晶种的基板设置在层状等离子体羽流中，同时将金刚石晶种保持在1100至1700℃的生长温度以沉积金刚石，从而诱导单晶金刚石沉积在金刚石晶种上 。 一种用于合成金刚石（10; 15）的装置，包括用于产生层状等离子体羽流（44; 54）的等离子体焰炬（30; 31）。 在层状等离子体羽流（44; 54）中激发碳源（CH4）和氢源（H2，CH4）并使其反应，以便在层流等离子体羽（44; 54）中形成反应性物质。 定位装置用于在层流等离子体羽流（44; 54）中配置具有金刚石晶种的基板（11），同时使用温度保持装置（12）将金刚石晶种保持在1100° 和1700℃，从而诱导单晶金刚石沉积在安装在基板（11）上的金刚石晶种上。

公开(公告)号：US5381755A

公开(公告)日：1995-01-17

申请号：US747321

申请日：1991-08-20

申请人： John W. Glesener ,  Arthur A. Merrish ,  Keith A. Snail

发明人： John W. Glesener ,  Arthur A. Merrish ,  Keith A. Snail

IPC分类号： C23C16/27 ,  C23C16/44 ,  C23C16/448 ,  C23C16/455 ,  C30B25/02 ,  C30B29/04

CPC分类号： C23C16/45506 ,  C23C16/275 ,  C23C16/278 ,  C23C16/4482 ,  C30B25/02 ,  C30B29/04

摘要： Diamond crystals and films having a well-controlled amount of dopant therein are synthesized by incorporating a dopant into a deposition species formed from a gaseous source of carbon and a gaseous source of hydrogen. Flame and/or plasma deposition may be used. Various apparatuses for carrying out the growth of the doped diamond are also disclosed.

摘要翻译： 在其中具有良好控制量的掺杂剂的金刚石晶体和膜通过将掺杂剂掺入由气态碳源和氢气源形成的沉积物质中来合成。 可以使用火焰和/或等离子体沉积。 还公开了用于进行掺杂金刚石生长的各种装置。