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公开(公告)号：US06178293B1
公开(公告)日：2001-01-23
申请号：US09083421
申请日：1998-05-22
IPC分类号： F28D700
CPC分类号： F28D21/0017 , B01D5/0009 , B01D8/00 , F28D7/00 , F28D2021/0071 , F28F13/00
摘要： In a method for improving heat transfer in a heat exchanger, in which a heating medium passes through heat exchange elements 1,8 which transfer their heat to a liquid with which they are in contact and which is located in the jacket region 3 of the heat exchanger, the liquid between the heat exchange elements in the jacket region 3 is heated locally to such a high temperature by means of additional heating elements 2,9 that nucleate boiling occurs in the liquid on the surface of these additional heating elements 2,9 and the resulting vapour bubbles ascend between the normal heating exchange elements 1,8 in the jacket region 3. For this purpose an evaporative condenser containing vertically superimposed heat exchange elements 1,8 extending in a horizontal direction and a shell enclosing the jacket region 3 of the heat exchange elements 1,8 is provided, in which additional heating elements 2,9 connected to a heating medium circuit which is separate from the heat exchange elements 1,8 are arranged beneath the heat exchange elements 1,8, preferably in the bottom third of the vertical arrangement.
摘要翻译： 在用于改善热交换器中的热传递的方法中，其中加热介质通过热交换元件1,8，热交换元件1,8将热量传递到与它们接触的液体并且位于加热器的夹套区域3中 交换器中，夹套区域3中的热交换元件之间的液体通过附加的加热元件2,9被局部加热到这样高的温度，这些附加的加热元件2,9在这些附加的加热元件2,9的表面上的液体中发生核沸腾， 所产生的蒸汽气泡在护套区域3中的正常加热交换元件1,8之间上升。为此目的，包括在水平方向上延伸的垂直叠加的热交换元件1,8的蒸发冷凝器和包围壳体区域3的壳体 提供了热交换元件1,8，其中连接到与热交换元件1,8分离的加热介质回路的附加加热元件2,9是 布置在热交换元件1,8下面，优选地在垂直布置的底部三分之一。
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公开(公告)号：US5164030A
公开(公告)日：1992-11-17
申请号：US673727
申请日：1991-03-22
申请人： Clemens Casper , Jorgen Weinschenck
发明人： Clemens Casper , Jorgen Weinschenck
CPC分类号： B01D1/24 , B01D1/04 , B01D1/228 , B01D1/26 , Y10S159/13
摘要： In the thermal separation of solutions and suspensions into a free-flowing solid and into a largely solid-free distillate, the useful product can be almost completely recovered in a pure state, and the amount of waste product can thus be reduced, by carrying out the concentrating in a first heatable flow pipe (6) up to an upper limit which is given by a creeping coverage of the inside wall with solid and/or by a total blockage of the flow cross-section and then continuing the concentrating in a second flow pipe (9) which is made as a rotary pipe or as a paddle shaft apparatus and whose inside wall (12) is scraped continuously, and separating the vapors and solids from one another at the end of this flow pipe (9).
摘要翻译： 在将溶液和悬浮液热分解成自由流动的固体并进入大部分无固体的馏出物中时，有用的产物可以在纯的状态下几乎完全回收，从而可以减少废物的量，通过进行 集中在第一可加热流动管道（6）中，直到达到上限，其由固体内壁的蠕变覆盖和/或通过流动横截面的完全堵塞而给出，然后在第二个 流动管（9），其形成为旋转管或作为桨轴装置，并且其内壁（12）被连续地刮擦，并且在该流管（9）的端部处彼此分离蒸气和固体。
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公开(公告)号：US4168283A
公开(公告)日：1979-09-18
申请号：US947136
申请日：1978-09-29
IPC分类号： B01J31/00 , C02F11/12 , C07B61/00 , C07C17/00 , C07C17/358 , C07C17/38 , C07C19/01 , C07C21/09 , C07C67/00 , C07C21/00
CPC分类号： C07C17/38 , C07C17/358
摘要： Viscous copper-containing catalyst waste is split up into solid particles and gaseous dichlorobutene along a steadily curved flow path, the liquid film flowing along an inner tube wall being driven along by the gas flowing at a higher rate in the core.
摘要翻译： 粘性含铜催化剂废物沿着稳定弯曲的流动路径分成固体颗粒和气态二氯丁烯，沿着内管壁流动的液膜沿着在芯中以较高速率流动的气体驱动。
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公开(公告)号：US5852157A
公开(公告)日：1998-12-22
申请号：US810263
申请日：1997-03-03
CPC分类号： B01J2/02
摘要： This invention relates to a process for the production of polycarbonate agglomerate of high bulk density from polycarbonate solutions, in which the organic solvent is stripped from a solution of polycarbonate by means of steam, and which is characterised in that the resulting suspension of polycarbonate particles, condensed water and water- and solvent vapor is fed in a tube or tubular heat exchanger to a separator which is partially filled with water and which is under elevated pressure. The polycarbonate agglomerates are discharged, together with part of the water, via a pressure lock at the bottom of the separator.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及由聚碳酸酯溶液制备高堆积密度的聚碳酸酯聚集体的方法，其中有机溶剂通过蒸汽从聚碳酸酯溶液中剥离，其特征在于所得的聚碳酸酯颗粒悬浮液， 冷凝水和水和溶剂蒸汽在管或管式热交换器中进料到部分被水填充并且处于升高压力下的分离器中。 聚碳酸酯附聚物与部分水一起通过分离器底部的压力锁定排出。
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公开(公告)号：US4430181A
公开(公告)日：1984-02-07
申请号：US436108
申请日：1982-10-22
申请人： Rainer Neumann , Karl Morgenstern , Karl-August Lipper , Friedrich Bruhne , Walter Bockmann , Clemens Casper , Siegfried Zingel
发明人： Rainer Neumann , Karl Morgenstern , Karl-August Lipper , Friedrich Bruhne , Walter Bockmann , Clemens Casper , Siegfried Zingel
CPC分类号： C07C51/60
摘要： Benzoyl chloride is prepared by a process in which the high-boiling residue obtained in the catalytic oxidation of toluene with oxygen or oxygen-containing gases in the liquid phase is largely freed of heavy metal salts which are present, and is then chlorinated at elevated temperatures, optionally under the action of light, and the benzoyl chloride is then separated off.
摘要翻译： 通过一种方法制备苯甲酰氯，其中在液相中用氧或含氧气体催化氧化甲苯获得的高沸点残余物大部分不含存在的重金属盐，然后在高温下氯化 ，任选地在光的作用下，然后分离出苯甲酰氯。
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公开(公告)号：US06506281B1
公开(公告)日：2003-01-14
申请号：US09719891
申请日：2001-03-02
申请人： Clemens Casper , Jörgen Weinschenck , Klemens Kohlgrüber , Jürgen Heuser , Christian Kords , Thomas Elsner
发明人： Clemens Casper , Jörgen Weinschenck , Klemens Kohlgrüber , Jürgen Heuser , Christian Kords , Thomas Elsner
IPC分类号： B01D122
CPC分类号： B01D3/06 , C08G64/406 , Y10S159/08 , Y10S159/10
摘要： A process of evaporating a viscous polymer solution is described. The process includes: (a) providing a viscous polymer solution including at least 30 wt. % of solvents and monomers; (b) introducing the viscous polymer solution into a heated helix (5), the heated helix having a vapor exit velocity of 200 to 300 m/s, (a film flow including a two-phase mixture of polymer melt, and solvent vapors and monomer vapors being formed within the helix); (c) forwarding the film flow from helix (5) into a heated vapor separator (6); (d) expanding the two-phase mixture of polymer melt, and solvent vapors and monomer vapors of the film flow within vapor separator (6) at an absolute pressure of 10 mbar to 800 mbar, (a bottom product including a concentrated melt of the polymer is formed within the vapor separator); and (e) withdrawing the bottom product from vapor separator (6). Each of the helix (5) and vapor separator (6) have a separate heating device, and each of heating device independently provides a temperature that is above the softening point of the polymer.
摘要翻译： 描述蒸发粘性聚合物溶液的方法。 该方法包括：（a）提供粘性聚合物溶液，其包含至少30wt。 ％的溶剂和单体; （b）将粘性聚合物溶液引入加热的螺旋（5）中，加热的螺旋具有200-300m / s的蒸气出口速度（包括聚合物熔体和溶剂蒸气的两相混合物的膜流和 单体蒸气在螺旋内形成）; （c）将膜流从螺旋（5）转移到加热的蒸气分离器（6）中; （d）在10毫巴至800毫巴的绝对压力下，将蒸气分离器（6）内的聚合物熔体和溶剂蒸气和单体蒸气的溶剂蒸气和单体蒸气膨胀（包括含有 聚合物形成在蒸气分离器内）; 和（e）从蒸气分离器（6）中取出底部产物。 螺旋（5）和蒸汽分离器（6）中的每一个具有单独的加热装置，并且每个加热装置独立地提供高于聚合物软化点的温度。
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7.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5268073A
公开(公告)日：1993-12-07
申请号：US957678
申请日：1992-10-07
申请人： Clemens Casper , Jorgen Weinschenck
发明人： Clemens Casper , Jorgen Weinschenck
IPC分类号： B01D1/02
CPC分类号： B01D1/02 , Y10S159/13
摘要： In concentrating solutions containing 1 to 10% by weight of salts and resins, the yield and economics and trouble-free running can be improved by using a flow tube which has a steady curvature at least in the last third and is sized in its diameter in such a way that the mean flow velocity at the tube outlet is at least 50 m/second, and at least 90% by weight of the vaporizable components are evaporated off at driving temperature gradients of 20.degree. to 200.degree. C. between the heating medium and the solution.
摘要翻译： 在含有1至10重量％盐和树脂的浓缩溶液中，可以通过使用至少在最后三分之一具有稳定曲率并且其直径大小的流管来提高产量和经济性和无故障运行 这样一种方式使得管出口处的平均流速至少为50m /秒，并且在20至200℃的驱动温度梯度下，可蒸发组分的至少90重量％在加热介质 和解决方案。
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公开(公告)号：US4472558A
公开(公告)日：1984-09-18
申请号：US45028
申请日：1979-06-04
申请人： Clemens Casper , Henning Klussmann , Gunter Lehr , Johannes O. Sajben , Artur Reischl , Rudolf Binsack , Frank Wingler
发明人： Clemens Casper , Henning Klussmann , Gunter Lehr , Johannes O. Sajben , Artur Reischl , Rudolf Binsack , Frank Wingler
CPC分类号： C08G18/0838 , B01J10/02 , B01J19/243 , B01J3/042 , B01J2219/00085 , B01J2219/00162 , B01J2219/00164
摘要： This invention relates to a process for carrying out reactions which primarily occur during the transport of compounds in the liquid phase or at the liquid-gas interface. Starting components are reacted with one another and/or with gases of the inner space in a multi-phase flow tube having a liquid ring flow which may contain dissolved and/or dispersed constituents. Any necessary heat exchange takes place between the liquid and the wall of the tube or the gases.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种进行反应的方法，主要发生在化合物在液相或液 - 液界面输送过程中。 起始组分在具有可能含有溶解和/或分散成分的液体环流的多相流动管中彼此反应和/或与内部空间的气体反应。 在液体和管壁或气体之间进行任何必要的热交换。
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9.发明授权Process for the anionic homo- or co-polymerization of aromatic vinyl compounds 失效芳族乙烯基化合物的阴离子均聚或共聚方法
公开(公告)号：US4200713A
公开(公告)日：1980-04-29
申请号：US908340
申请日：1978-05-22
申请人： Frank Wingler , Clemens Casper , Lothar Liebig
发明人： Frank Wingler , Clemens Casper , Lothar Liebig
CPC分类号： C08F12/00 , Y10S526/918
摘要： This invention relates to a process for producing a homopolymer or co-polymer of an aromatic vinyl monomer by anionically polymerizing a monomer mixture in the absence of oxygen in a tubular coil evaporator.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及通过在管状线圈蒸发器中阴离子聚合单体混合物在不存在氧的情况下制备芳族乙烯基单体的均聚物或共聚物的方法。
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10.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5830977A
公开(公告)日：1998-11-03
申请号：US778654
申请日：1997-01-03
申请人： Claus Wulff , Gottfried Zaby , Clemens Casper , Klemens Kohlgruber , Hugo Obermann , Steffen Kuhling
发明人： Claus Wulff , Gottfried Zaby , Clemens Casper , Klemens Kohlgruber , Hugo Obermann , Steffen Kuhling
CPC分类号： C08J3/14 , C08G64/403 , C08J2369/00
摘要： The present invention provides a process for the isolation of partially crystalline polycarbonate powder or oligocarbonate powder from solutions thereof, in which process the organic solvent of a polycarbonate solution is vaporized in a heat exchanger, optionally with incorporation of steam, or in a holding tube with incorporation of steam and the pasty mixture of concentrated solution, solvent vapor and optionally water is separated in a separator. In this process, the solvent vapor is condensed in a heat exchanger downstream from the separator. The solvent is vaporized in the heat exchanger by indirect input of heat through the heat exchanger walls and vaporization may be promoted by preheating the polycarbonate or oligocarbonate solution in an upstream heat exchanger or by introducing steam or both.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供从其溶液中分离部分结晶的聚碳酸酯粉末或低聚碳酸酯粉末的方法，其中聚碳酸酯溶液的有机溶剂在热交换器中蒸发，任选地加入蒸汽，或在具有 在分离器中分离蒸汽和浓缩溶液，溶剂蒸气和任选的水的糊状混合物。 在该方法中，溶剂蒸汽在分离器下游的热交换器中冷凝。 溶剂在热交换器中通过热交换器壁的间接输入而蒸发，并且通过在上游热交换器中预热聚碳酸酯或低聚碳酸溶液或通过引入蒸汽或两者来促进蒸发。
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