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1.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06979509B2
公开(公告)日：2005-12-27
申请号：US10701987
申请日：2003-11-05
CPC分类号： H01M8/04029
摘要： A freeze tolerant fuel cell power plant (10) includes at least one fuel cell (12), a coolant loop (42) having a porous water transport plate (44) secured in a heat and mass exchange relationship with the fuel cell (12) and a coolant pump (46) for circulating a coolant through the plate (44) and for transferring water into or out of the plate (44) with the coolant. A coolant heat exchanger (52) removes heat from the coolant, and an accumulator (66) stores the coolant and fuel cell product water and directs the product water out of the accumulator (66). The coolant is a two-component mixed coolant liquid circulating through the coolant loop (42) consisting of between 80 and 95 volume percent of a low freezing temperature water immiscible fluid component and between 5 and 20 volume percent of a water component.
摘要翻译： 一种耐冷燃料电池发电厂（10）包括至少一个燃料电池（12），具有与燃料电池（12）以热交换关系固定的多孔水输送板（44）的冷却剂回路（42） 以及冷却剂泵（46），用于使冷却剂循环通过所述板（44）并且用冷却剂将水输送进出所述板（44）。 冷却剂热交换器（52）从冷却剂中除去热量，蓄能器（66）存储冷却剂和燃料电池产品水，并将产品水引导出蓄能器（66）。 冷却剂是循环通过冷却剂回路（42）的双组分混合冷却剂液体，其由80至95体积％的低冷冻温度水不混溶流体组分和5至20体积％的水组分组成。
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公开(公告)号：US07049018B2
公开(公告)日：2006-05-23
申请号：US10656529
申请日：2003-09-05
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04302 , H01M8/0258 , H01M8/04029 , H01M8/04156 , H01M8/04223 , H01M8/04303 , H01M8/241
摘要： A fuel cell system having a stack of proton exchange membrane fuel cells is operated in sub-freezing temperatures by draining any liquid water from the fuel cell water flow passages upon or after the previous shut-down of the stack before freezing can occur, and, thereafter a) starting-up the stack by directing fuel and oxidant reactants into the cell and connecting a load to the stack; b) using heat produced by the stack to increase the operating temperature of the stack to melt ice within the stack; and, c) upon the stack operating temperature reaching at least 0° C., circulating anti-freeze through stack coolers to maintain the temperature of the stack low enough to maintain a sufficiently low water vapor pressure within the cells to prevent cell dry out for at least as long as there is insufficient liquid water to circulate through the water flow passages.
摘要翻译： 具有质子交换膜燃料电池堆的燃料电池系统在次冷冻温度下通过在先前停止堆叠之前或之后从燃料电池水流通道排出任何液态水而在冷冻之前进行操作， 此后a）通过将燃料和氧化剂反应物引入电池并将负载连接到电池堆来启动电池堆; b）使用堆叠产生的热量来增加堆叠的工作温度以融化堆内的冰; 并且c）当堆叠工作温度达到至少0℃时，循环通过叠层冷却器进行冷冻，以将堆的温度保持在足够低的温度，以保持电池内的足够低的水蒸汽压力，以防止电池干燥 至少只要液体水不足以通过水流通道循环。
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公开(公告)号：US08389175B2
公开(公告)日：2013-03-05
申请号：US12867162
申请日：2008-05-16
CPC分类号： H01M4/8647 , H01M4/921 , H01M8/086 , H01M8/1007 , H01M2008/1095 , Y02E60/521 , Y10S977/773 , Y10S977/775
摘要： A fuel cell (70) having an anode (72), a cathode (78) and an electrolyte (76) between the anode (72) and the cathode (78) includes a cathode catalyst (80) formed of a plurality of nanoparticles. Each nanoparticle (20) has a plurality of terraces (26) formed of platinum surface atoms (14), and a plurality of edge (28) and corner regions (29) formed of atoms from a second metal (30)—The cathode catalyst may be formed by combining a platinum nanoparticle with a metal salt in a solution. Ions from the second metal react with platinum and replace platinum atoms on the nanoparticle. The second metal atoms at the corner and edge regions of the nanoparticle, as well as at any surface defects, result in a more stable catalyst structure. In some embodiments, the fuel cell (70) is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and the nanoparticles are tetrahedron-shaped. In some embodiments, the fuel cell (70) is a phosphoric acid fuel cell and the nanoparticles are cubic-shaped.
摘要翻译： 在阳极（72）和阴极（78）之间具有阳极（72），阴极（78）和电解质（76）的燃料电池（70）包括由多个纳米颗粒形成的阴极催化剂（80）。 每个纳米颗粒（20）具有由铂表面原子（14）形成的多个梯田（26），以及由第二金属（30）的原子形成的多个边缘（28）和拐角区域（29）。阴极催化剂 可以通过将铂纳米颗粒与溶液中的金属盐组合而形成。 来自第二金属的离子与铂反应并且替换纳米颗粒上的铂原子。 在纳米颗粒的角落和边缘区域的第二个金属原子以及任何表面缺陷导致更稳定的催化剂结构。 在一些实施例中，燃料电池（70）是质子交换膜燃料电池，并且纳米颗粒是四面体形状。 在一些实施例中，燃料电池（70）是磷酸燃料电池，并且纳米颗粒是立方体形状。
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公开(公告)号：US08304365B2
公开(公告)日：2012-11-06
申请号：US12867153
申请日：2008-05-16
CPC分类号： B01J35/0013 , B01J23/42 , B01J23/56 , B01J37/0226 , B01J37/347 , B01J37/348
摘要： A stabilized platinum nanoparticle has a core portion surrounded by a plurality of outer surfaces. The outer surfaces include terrace regions formed of platinum atoms, and edge and corner regions formed of atoms from a second metal. The stabilized nanoparticle may be formed by combining a platinum nanoparticle with a metal salt in a solution. Ions of the second metal react with platinum and replace platinum atoms on the nanoparticle. Platinum atoms from the edge and corner regions react with the second metal ions quicker than surface atoms from the terraces, due to a greater difference in electrode potential between the platinum atoms at the edge and corner regions, as compared to the second metal in the solution. The platinum nanoparticle may include surface defects, such as steps and kinks, which may also be replaced with atoms of the second metal. In an exemplary embodiment, the platinum nanoparticle is a cathode catalyst in an electro-chemical cell.
摘要翻译： 稳定的铂纳米颗粒具有由多个外表面包围的芯部分。 外表面包括由铂原子形成的平台区域，以及由第二金属原子形成的边缘和拐角区域。 稳定的纳米颗粒可以通过将铂纳米颗粒与溶液中的金属盐组合而形成。 第二金属的离子与铂反应，并取代纳米颗粒上的铂原子。 由于与溶液中的第二金属相比，在边缘和拐角区域处的铂原子与边缘和角部区域上的铂原子之间的电极电位差异更大，所以来自边缘和角区域的铂原子与第二金属离子比来自梯田的表面原子更快地反应 。 铂纳米颗粒可以包括表面缺陷，例如步骤和扭结，其也可以被第二金属的原子替代。 在示例性实施方案中，铂纳米颗粒是电化学电池中的阴极催化剂。
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公开(公告)号：US20110143934A1
公开(公告)日：2011-06-16
申请号：US12867153
申请日：2008-05-16
IPC分类号： B01J23/42 , B01J23/52 , B01J23/46 , B01J23/656 , B01J23/44 , B01J23/50 , B01J23/652 , B01J23/648 , B01J21/06 , B01J23/68 , B82Y30/00
CPC分类号： B01J35/0013 , B01J23/42 , B01J23/56 , B01J37/0226 , B01J37/347 , B01J37/348
摘要： A stabilized platinum nanoparticle has a core portion surrounded by a plurality of outer surfaces. The outer surfaces include terrace regions formed of platinum atoms, and edge and corner regions formed of atoms from a second metal. The stabilized nanoparticle may be formed by combining a platinum nanoparticle with a metal salt in a solution. Ions of the second metal react with platinum and replace platinum atoms on the nanoparticle. Platinum atoms from the edge and corner regions react with the second metal ions quicker than surface atoms from the terraces, due to a greater difference in electrode potential between the platinum atoms at the edge and corner regions, as compared to the second metal in the solution. The platinum nanoparticle may include surface defects, such as steps and kinks, which may also be replaced with atoms of the second metal. In an exemplary embodiment, the platinum nanoparticle is a cathode catalyst in an electro-chemical cell.
摘要翻译： 稳定的铂纳米颗粒具有由多个外表面包围的芯部分。 外表面包括由铂原子形成的平台区域，以及由第二金属原子形成的边缘和拐角区域。 稳定的纳米颗粒可以通过将铂纳米颗粒与溶液中的金属盐组合而形成。 第二金属的离子与铂反应，并取代纳米颗粒上的铂原子。 由于与溶液中的第二金属相比，在边缘和拐角区域处的铂原子与边缘和角部区域上的铂原子之间的电极电位差异更大，所以来自边缘和角区域的铂原子与第二金属离子比来自梯田的表面原子更快地反应 。 铂纳米颗粒可以包括表面缺陷，例如步骤和扭结，其也可以被第二金属的原子替代。 在示例性实施方案中，铂纳米颗粒是电化学电池中的阴极催化剂。
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6.发明授权Tribochemical method of producing an oxidized surface on a ceramic or metal-ceramic 失效在陶瓷或金属陶瓷上生产氧化表面的摩擦化学方法
公开(公告)号：US5073461A
公开(公告)日：1991-12-17
申请号：US441851
申请日：1989-11-27
CPC分类号： C04B41/009 , C04B41/4556 , C04B41/81 , C23C8/10
摘要： Novel ceramic or metal-ceramic articles having an oxidized surface are produced by a tribochemical method. The oxidized surface is produced by initially wear scarring, under high vacuum, opposed, articulating ceramic or metal-ceramic surfaces and, thereafter, continuing the wear scarring in the presence of oxygen or air at less than atmospheric pressure. A method of welding ceramic or metal-ceramic articles is also disclosed.
摘要翻译： 通过摩擦化学方法制备具有氧化表面的新型陶瓷或金属陶瓷制品。 氧化的表面通过最初的磨损疤痕，在高真空，相对的，铰接的陶瓷或金属陶瓷表面下产生，然后在低于大气压的氧气或空气的存在下继续磨损疤痕。 还公开了一种焊接陶瓷或金属陶瓷制品的方法。
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公开(公告)号：US4767678A
公开(公告)日：1988-08-30
申请号：US830293
申请日：1986-02-18
申请人： Ronald L. Yates , Patrick L. Hagans
发明人： Ronald L. Yates , Patrick L. Hagans
CPC分类号： C23C26/02 , C23C30/00 , Y10T428/12611 , Y10T428/1266 , Y10T428/12667 , Y10T428/12729 , Y10T428/12736
摘要： The invention is an oxalloy consisting essentially of about 5 to about 57 weight percent magnesium or aluminum and about 0.5 to about 10 weight percent of one or more alloying materials selected from the group consisting of B, Al, Si, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ge, As, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, Ga, In, Sn, Sb, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, and rare earths; and the remainder oxygen.The invention also includes a method for forming the above oxalloys and a substrate coated with the oxalloys of the present invention.
摘要翻译： 本发明是基本上由约5至约57重量％的镁或铝和约0.5至约10重量％的一种或多种选自B，Al，Si，Ti，V，Cr， Mn，Fe，Co，Ni，Cu，Zn，Ge，As，Zr，Nb，Mo，Ru，Rh，Pd，Ag，Cd，Ga，In，Sn，Sb，Hf，Ta，W，Re， Ir，Pt，Au，Tl，Pb，Bi，Th和稀土; 剩余的氧气。 本发明还包括形成上述草酸的方法和涂有本发明的草酸酯的基材。
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公开(公告)号：US20100316930A1
公开(公告)日：2010-12-16
申请号：US12867162
申请日：2008-05-16
CPC分类号： H01M4/8647 , H01M4/921 , H01M8/086 , H01M8/1007 , H01M2008/1095 , Y02E60/521 , Y10S977/773 , Y10S977/775
摘要： A fuel cell (70) having an anode (72), a cathode (78) and an electrolyte (76) between the anode (72) and the cathode (78) includes a cathode catalyst (80) formed of a plurality of nanoparticles. Each nanoparticle (20) has a plurality of terraces (26) formed of platinum surface atoms (14), and a plurality of edge (28) and corner regions (29) formed of atoms from a second metal (30)—The cathode catalyst may be formed by combining a platinum nanoparticle with a metal salt in a solution. Ions from the second metal react with platinum and replace platinum atoms on the nanoparticle. The second metal atoms at the corner and edge regions of the nanoparticle, as well as at any surface defects, result in a more stable catalyst structure. In some embodiments, the fuel cell (70) is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and the nanoparticles are tetrahedron-shaped. In some embodiments, the fuel cell (70) is a phosphoric acid fuel cell and the nanoparticles are cubic-shaped.
摘要翻译： 在阳极（72）和阴极（78）之间具有阳极（72），阴极（78）和电解质（76）的燃料电池（70）包括由多个纳米颗粒形成的阴极催化剂（80）。 每个纳米颗粒（20）具有由铂表面原子（14）形成的多个梯田（26），以及由第二金属（30）的原子形成的多个边缘（28）和拐角区域（29）。阴极催化剂 可以通过将铂纳米颗粒与溶液中的金属盐组合而形成。 来自第二金属的离子与铂反应并且替换纳米颗粒上的铂原子。 在纳米颗粒的角落和边缘区域的第二个金属原子以及任何表面缺陷导致更稳定的催化剂结构。 在一些实施例中，燃料电池（70）是质子交换膜燃料电池，并且纳米颗粒是四面体形状。 在一些实施例中，燃料电池（70）是磷酸燃料电池，并且纳米颗粒是立方体形状。
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公开(公告)号：US20100055538A1
公开(公告)日：2010-03-04
申请号：US12514623
申请日：2006-12-08
申请人： Weilong Zhang , Patrick L. Hagans , Nikunj Gupta
发明人： Weilong Zhang , Patrick L. Hagans , Nikunj Gupta
IPC分类号： H01M8/02
CPC分类号： H01M8/0228 , H01M8/0204 , H01M8/0208 , H01M8/021 , H01M2008/1095
摘要： A bipolar plate (30, 30′) for use in a fuel cell (12, 14) includes a first metal layer (40a) having a first corrosion potential and a second metal layer (40b) that tends to grow an oxide layer (42, 42′) during operation of the fuel cell (12, 14). The second metal layer (40b) includes a second corrosion potential such that there is a corrosion potential gradient between the first metal layer (40a) and the second metal layer (40b) that resists growth of the oxide layer (42, 42′).
摘要翻译： 用于燃料电池（12,14）的双极板（30,30'）包括具有第一腐蚀电位的第一金属层（40a）和易于生长氧化物层（42）的第二金属层（40b） ，42'）在燃料电池（12,14）的运行期间。 第二金属层（40b）包括第二腐蚀电位，使得在抵抗氧化物层（42,42'）生长的第一金属层（40a）和第二金属层（40b）之间存在腐蚀电位梯度。
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10.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20100040911A1
公开(公告)日：2010-02-18
申请号：US12514507
申请日：2006-12-08
申请人： Sergei F. Burlatsky , Jean Colpin , Shubhro Ghosh , Nikunj Gupta , Patrick L. Hagans , Weilong Zhang
发明人： Sergei F. Burlatsky , Jean Colpin , Shubhro Ghosh , Nikunj Gupta , Patrick L. Hagans , Weilong Zhang
CPC分类号： H01M8/0206 , C22C19/055 , H01M8/0204 , H01M8/021 , H01M8/0228 , H01M2008/1095
摘要： A bipolar plate (30) for use in a fuel cell stack (10) includes one or more first metal layers (40a) having a tendency to grow an electrically passive layer in the presence of a fuel cell reactant gas and one or more second metal layers (40b) directly adjacent the one or more first metal layers (40a). The second metal layer has a tendency to resist growing any oxide layer in the presence of the fuel cell reactant gas to maintain a threshold electrical conductivity. The second metal layer also has a section for contacting an electrode (12, 14) and providing an electrically conductive path between the electrode (12, 14) and the first metal layer.
摘要翻译： 一种用于燃料电池堆（10）的双极板（30）包括在燃料电池反应气体和一种或多种第二金属（10）的存在下具有生长电动钝化层趋势的一个或多个第一金属层（40a） 直接邻近一个或多个第一金属层（40a）的层（40b）。 第二金属层在燃料电池反应气体存在下具有抵抗生长任何氧化物层的趋势，以保持阈值电导率。 第二金属层还具有用于使电极（12,14）接触并在电极（12,14）和第一金属层之间提供导电路径的部分。
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