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公开(公告)号：US06787044B1
公开(公告)日：2004-09-07
申请号：US10385073
申请日：2003-03-10
IPC分类号： B03C100
CPC分类号： H01J49/328
摘要： A material separator includes a chamber and electrode(s) to create a radially oriented electric field in the chamber. Coils are provided to generate a magnetic field in the chamber. The separator further includes a launcher to propagate a high-frequency electromagnetic wave into the chamber to convert the material into a multi-species plasma. With the crossed electric and magnetic fields, low mass ions in the multi-species plasma are placed on small orbit trajectories and exit through the end of the chamber while high mass ions are placed on large orbit trajectories for capture at the wall of the chamber.
摘要翻译： 材料分离器包括腔室和电极，以在腔室中产生径向取向的电场。 提供线圈以在腔室中产生磁场。 分离器还包括发射器，用于将高频电磁波传播到腔室中以将材料转换成多种类的等离子体。 在交叉的电场和磁场中，多种类等离子体中的低质量离子被放置在小轨道轨迹上，并通过腔室的端部离开，同时将高质量离子放置在大轨道轨迹上以在腔室的壁处捕获。
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公开(公告)号：US06293406B1
公开(公告)日：2001-09-25
申请号：US09643204
申请日：2000-08-21
IPC分类号： B03C130
CPC分类号： H01J49/28
摘要： A multi-mass filter for separating particles according to their mass-charge ratio includes a chamber for receiving a multi-species plasma that includes particles therein having different mass-charge ratios (with M1 Mc3) and only the intermediate particles M2 are ejected into the second region (M2>Mc2). In another embodiment, the radial electrical field is increased outwardly from the axis to a radial distance a2 (r2) at a first rate. The electrical field is then increased radially outward between a2 (r2) and a radial distance a3 (r3) at a lower rate. This electric field configuration defines the first region between the axis and a2 (r2), and the second region between a2 (r2) and a3 (r3). The third region is located radially beyond the second region. Accordingly, with Mc2=er22B2/(8*(Vctr−V2)) and Mc3=e(r32−r22)B2/(8*V2), particles M1 are confined in the first region, while both particles M3 and M2 are ejected from the first region into the second region. The particles M2 are, however, confined in the second region and only the particles M3 are ejected from the second region into the third region.
摘要翻译： 用于根据其质荷比分离颗粒的多质量过滤器包括用于接收多种等离子体的室，其包括具有不同质荷电荷的颗粒（M1
Mc3）中，并且仅中间颗粒M2被喷射到第二区域（M2> Mc2）中。 在另一个实施例中，径向电场以第一速率从轴向外增加到径向距离a2（r2）。 然后电场以较低的速率在a2（r2）和径向距离a3（r3）之间径向向外增加。 该电场配置定义了轴和a2（r2）之间的第一区域，a2（r2）和a3（r3）之间的第二区域。 第三区域径向地位于第二区域之外。 因此，在Mc2 = er22B2 /（8 *（Vctr-V2））和Mc3 = e（r32-r22）B2 /（8 * V2）的情况下，粒子M1被限制在第一区域，同时弹出两个粒子M3和M2 从第一个地区进入第二个地区。 然而，颗粒M2被限制在第二区域中，并且仅颗粒M3从第二区域喷射到第三区域中。 -
公开(公告)号：US06398920B1
公开(公告)日：2002-06-04
申请号：US09790357
申请日：2001-02-21
IPC分类号： B01J1908
CPC分类号： H01J49/328
摘要： A filter and a method for separating ions in a partially ionized plasma according to their mass includes a chamber with crossed electric and magnetic fields established therein. A feed, including metal atoms having ionization potentials in a low range, and gas atoms having an ionization potential in a high range, is introduced into the chamber. An electron temperature below the low range is generated to partially ionize the feed by dissociating the metal atoms from the gas atoms, and by ionizing the metal atoms into light and heavy ions according to their mass to charge ratio. The light and heavy ions are then influenced by the crossed electric and magnetic fields to separate the light ions from the heavy ions.
摘要翻译： 根据其质量的用于分离部分电离等离子体中的离子的过滤器和方法包括在其中建立了交叉的电场和磁场的腔室。 将包含电离电位低范围的金属原子和高电离电位的气体原料引入室内。 产生低于低范围的电子温度，通过使金属原子与气体原子分离，并通过根据其质荷比将金属原子离子化成轻质和重离子来使进料部分离子化。 轻离子和重离子然后被交叉的电场和磁场影响，以将轻离子与重离子分离。
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公开(公告)号：US06386374B1
公开(公告)日：2002-05-14
申请号：US09860161
申请日：2001-05-17
IPC分类号： B03C130
CPC分类号： H01J49/28
摘要： A multi-mass filter for separating particles of a multi-species plasma includes a chamber, which defines an axis. A radial electric field is crossed with a magnetic field (E×B) to move the particles of different mass (M1, M2 and M3) on respective trajectories into respective first, second and third regions. Specifically, particles M1 are confined in the first region, while both particles M3 and M2 are ejected from the first region into the second region and only the particles M3 are ejected from the second region into the third region.
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公开(公告)号：US06939469B2
公开(公告)日：2005-09-06
申请号：US10321301
申请日：2002-12-16
申请人： Tihiro Ohkawa , Robert L. Miller
发明人： Tihiro Ohkawa , Robert L. Miller
CPC分类号： H01J49/42 , H01J49/288
摘要： A band gap mass filter for separating particles of mass (M1) from particles of mass (M2) in a multi-species plasma includes a chamber defining an axis. Coils around the chamber generate an axially aligned magnetic field defined (B=B0+B1 sin ωt), with an antenna generating the sinusoidal component (B1 sin ωt) to induce an azimuthal electric field (Eθ) in the chamber. The resultant crossed electric and magnetic fields place particles M2 on unconfined orbits for collection inside the chamber, and pass the particles M1 through said chamber for separation from the particles M2. Unconfined orbits for particles M2 are determined according to an α-β plot ( α = Ω 0 2 + Ω 1 2 / 2 4 ω 2 , and β = Ω 0 Ω 1 8 ω 2 ) , where Ω0 is the cyclotron frequency for particles with mass/charge ratio M, and wherein Ω0=B0/M and Ω1=B1/M.
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6.发明授权High density plasma formation using whistler mode excitation in a reduced cross-sectional area formation tube 失效在减少的截面积形成管中使用吹口哨模式激发的高密度等离子体形成
公开(公告)号：US5361016A
公开(公告)日：1994-11-01
申请号：US10553
申请日：1993-01-28
CPC分类号： H01J37/32247 , H01J37/32192 , H01J37/3266 , H05H1/18 , H05H1/46
摘要： A long plasma formation tube is imbedded in a high magnetic field, with magnetic field lines passing axially through the tube, and with the tube being placed proximate or inside of a resonant cavity. Electromagnetic energy resonates in the resonant cavity representing stored microwave energy. The power density of the stored microwave energy is a function of the cross-sectional area of the resonant cavity. A portion of the stored microwave energy is concentrated to increase its power density, and coupled into the plasma formation tube, which tube has a smaller cross-sectional area than the resonant cavity. The coupled energy excites a whistler wave in the plasma formation tube that forms the plasma within the tube. In one embodiment, the stored microwave power is concentrated by funneling it through a metallic iris that forms one end of the resonant cavity, with a tip of the plasma formation tube being positioned near the metallic iris. In another embodiment, the plasma formation tube is positioned coaxially within the resonant cavity and the stored microwave energy is drawn into the plasma formation tube as plasma begins to form therein because the forming plasma represents a dominant power loss (load) for the stored energy.
摘要翻译： 长的等离子体形成管嵌入高磁场中，磁场线轴向通过管，并且管被放置在谐振腔的近处或内部。 谐振腔中的电磁能量共振表示存储的微波能量。 存储的微波能量的功率密度是谐振腔的横截面面积的函数。 存储的微波能量的一部分被集中以增加其功率密度，并且耦合到等离子体形成管中，该管具有比谐振腔更小的横截面面积。 耦合能量激发等离子体形成管中的吹口哨波，其在管内形成等离子体。 在一个实施例中，通过将存储的微波功率通过其形成谐振腔的一端的金属虹膜而集中，等离子体形成管的尖端位于金属虹膜附近。 在另一个实施例中，等离子体形成管同轴地位于谐振腔内，并且由于形成等离子体代表存储能量的主要功率损耗（负载），存储的微波能量被吸入等离子体形成管中。
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公开(公告)号：US06726844B2
公开(公告)日：2004-04-27
申请号：US10171480
申请日：2002-06-12
申请人： Tihiro Ohkawa , Robert L. Miller
发明人： Tihiro Ohkawa , Robert L. Miller
IPC分类号： B03C102
CPC分类号： B01D59/48 , C02F2101/006
摘要： An isotope separator includes a cylindrical chamber having first and second ends, and a length “L.” Inside the chamber, an E×B field is applied to produce plasma rotation. The energy in the plasma rotation is chosen to be much higher than the electron temperature which is clamped by radiation. As the plasma then transits the chamber through the length “L”, the electrons cool the thermal temperature of the isotope ions while maintaining the rotation. Under these conditions, the minority and majority isotopes become substantially separated from each other before they exit the chamber. To achieve this result, E×B is determined using mathematically derived expressions and, in compliance with these parameters, the length “L” of the chamber is determined so that the plasma residence time in the chamber, &tgr;1, will be greater than the cooling time, &tgr;2 (&tgr;1>&tgr;2) necessary to affect isotope separation.
摘要翻译： 同位素分离器包括具有第一端和第二端以及长度“L”的圆柱形室。 在室内，应用ExB场产生等离子体旋转。 选择等离子体旋转中的能量远高于被辐射钳住的电子温度。 当等离子体然后通过长度“L”转移室时，电子冷却同位素离子的热温度同时保持旋转。 在这些条件下，少数和多数同位素在离开室之前彼此基本分离。 为了获得这个结果，使用数学派生表达式确定ExB，并且根据这些参数确定室的长度“L”，使得室中的等离子体停留时间τ1将大于冷却时间， tau2（tau1> tau2）是影响同位素分离所必需的。
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公开(公告)号：US5308751A
公开(公告)日：1994-05-03
申请号：US855293
申请日：1992-03-23
申请人： Tihiro Ohkawa , Robert L. Miller
发明人： Tihiro Ohkawa , Robert L. Miller
CPC分类号： C12Q1/6869 , Y10T436/143333
摘要： A method for simultaneously sequencing both strands of a target DNA is provided. The method involves "shifting" one or both strands of the target DNA by addition or deletion of one or more nucleotides to one or both strands of the duplex to produce shifted DNA. Both strands of the shifted DNA duplex and the target DNA are sequenced and the sequences of the shifted and unshifted target DNA are compared. Since portions of the sequenced strands of the target and shifted DNA are identical, all or a portion of sequence of the target DNA can be determined.
摘要翻译： 提供了同时测序靶DNA两条链的方法。 该方法涉及通过向双链体的一条或两条链加入或缺失一个或多个核苷酸来“转移”靶DNA的一条或两条以产生位错的DNA。 对两个位错的DNA双链和目标DNA进行测序，比较移位和未移位的靶DNA的序列。 由于靶序列和位移DNA的序列的部分相同，因此可以确定靶DNA的全部或部分序列。
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公开(公告)号：US06304036B1
公开(公告)日：2001-10-16
申请号：US09634926
申请日：2000-08-08
IPC分类号： H05H146
CPC分类号： H01J37/3211 , H01J37/321 , H05H1/46
摘要： A system and method for initiating and maintaining a plasma in a chamber, in accordance with the helicon dispersion relation, requires an antenna for radiating RF energy into the chamber. An interferometer, or some similar device, is used in the system to monitor the plasma density level in the chamber, as the plasma is being produced. The plasma density level is then used to control the variable characteristics of the RF energy in accordance with the helicon dispersion relation.
摘要翻译： 根据螺旋色散关系，用于启动和维持室中的等离子体的系统和方法需要用于将RF能量辐射到室中的天线。 在制造等离子体时，系统中使用干涉仪或一些相似的装置来监测腔室中的等离子体密度水平。 然后使用等离子体密度水平根据螺旋桨色散关系来控制RF能量的可变特性。
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公开(公告)号：US06356025B1
公开(公告)日：2002-03-12
申请号：US09678646
申请日：2000-10-03
IPC分类号： H01J724
CPC分类号： H01J37/32082 , H01J37/32559 , H01J37/32633 , H05H1/46 , Y10S422/906
摘要： A device for generating a plasma includes an enclosed chamber and an antenna positioned adjacent the wall of the chamber. A ceramic shield is mounted on the wall, with the antenna located between the wall and the ceramic shield. There is also a barrier that is mounted on the wall with the ceramic shield being between the barrier and the antenna element. An alternating voltage source is provided to energize the antenna element to generate a plasma in the chamber. In operation, the ceramic shield isolates the antenna from the plasma in the chamber, and the barrier prevents the deposition of material components from the plasma on the ceramic shield.
摘要翻译： 用于产生等离子体的装置包括封闭室和邻近室的壁定位的天线。 陶瓷屏蔽安装在墙壁上，天线位于墙壁和陶瓷屏蔽之间。 还有一个屏障被安装在墙壁上，陶瓷屏蔽层位于屏障和天线元件之间。 提供交流电压源以激励天线元件以在腔室中产生等离子体。 在操作中，陶瓷屏蔽将天线与腔室中的等离子体隔离，并且屏障防止材料组分从陶瓷屏蔽上的等离子体沉积。
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