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    Method and apparatus for downhole fluid characterization using flexural mechanical resonators
    1.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for downhole fluid characterization using flexural mechanical resonators 有权
    使用弯曲机械谐振器进行井下流体表征的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US07162918B2

    公开(公告)日：2007-01-16

    申请号：US11092016

    申请日：2005-03-29

    申请人： Rocco DiFoggio ,  Arnold Walkow ,  Paul Bergren ,  Peter W. Reittinger

    发明人： Rocco DiFoggio ,  Arnold Walkow ,  Paul Bergren ,  Peter W. Reittinger

    IPC分类号： G01H3/04 ,  G01H3/14

    CPC分类号： G01N33/24 ,  E21B49/10 ,  E21B2049/085 ,  G01N9/002 ,  G01N11/16 ,  G01N2009/006 ,  G01V3/32

    摘要： The present invention provides a downhole method and apparatus using a flexural mechanical resonator, for example, a tuning fork to provide real-time direct measurements and estimates of the viscosity, density and dielectric constant of formation fluid or filtrate in a hydrocarbon producing well. The present invention additionally provides a method and apparatus for monitoring cleanup from a leveling off of viscosity or density over time, measuring or estimating bubble point for formation fluid, measuring or estimating dew point for formation fluid, and determining the onset of asphaltene precipitation. The present invention also provides for intercalibration of plural pressure gauges used to determine a pressure differential downhole. A hard or inorganic coating is placed on the flexural mechanical resonator (such as a tuning fork) to reduce the effects of abrasion from sand particles suspended in the flowing fluid in which the flexural mechanical resonator is immersed.

    摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种使用弯曲机械谐振器（例如音叉）的井下方法和装置，以提供实时直接测量和估算烃生产井中地层流体或滤液的粘度，密度和介电常数。 本发明另外提供了一种用于从随着时间的粘度或密度的平滑化来测量清理的方法和装置，测量或估计地层流体的起泡点，测量或估计地层流体的露点，以及确定沥青质沉淀的开始。 本发明还提供用于确定井下压力差的多个压力计的相互校准。 将硬质或无机涂层放置在弯曲机械谐振器（例如音叉）上，以减少悬浮在其中浸入弯曲机械谐振器的流动流体中的砂粒磨损的影响。

    Method and apparatus for insulating a resonator downhole
    2.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for insulating a resonator downhole 失效
    井下绝缘谐振器的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US07694734B2

    公开(公告)日：2010-04-13

    申请号：US11262644

    申请日：2005-10-31

    申请人： Rocco DiFoggio ,  Christopher J. Powell ,  Peter W. Reittinger ,  Louis Perez, Jr. ,  Srdjan Stankovic ,  Paul Bergren

    发明人： Rocco DiFoggio ,  Christopher J. Powell ,  Peter W. Reittinger ,  Louis Perez, Jr. ,  Srdjan Stankovic ,  Paul Bergren

    IPC分类号： E21B47/00

    CPC分类号： E21B47/10 ,  E21B49/10 ,  G01N11/16 ,  G01N2009/006

    摘要： A method and apparatus are provided for insulating electrical connections to a resonator from fluid downhole under extreme pressure and temperature conditions downhole. The method and apparatus provide a pliable insulator that maintains electrical isolation between a resonator electrical connection during exposure to high pressures downhole. The insulator is substantially chemically non reactive so that the insulator maintains electrical isolation between the resonator electrical connections during exposure to fluids downhole. The insulator has a thermal coefficient of expansion in a range so that the insulator maintains electrical isolation between the resonator electrical connections during exposure to high temperatures downhole.

    摘要翻译： 提供了一种方法和装置，用于在井下的极端压力和温度条件下将流体井下绝缘体与谐振器绝缘。 该方法和装置提供了一种柔韧的绝缘体，其在暴露于井下的高压下时在谐振器电连接之间保持电隔离。 绝缘子基本上是化学上无反应的，使得绝缘体在暴露于井下的流体之前在谐振器电连接之间保持电隔离。 绝缘体具有在一定范围内的热膨胀系数，使得绝缘体在暴露于井下高温期间在谐振器电连接之间保持电隔离。

    Method and apparatus for a high resolution downhole spectrometer
    3.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for a high resolution downhole spectrometer 有权
    高分辨率井下光谱仪的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US07280214B2

    公开(公告)日：2007-10-09

    申请号：US10827948

    申请日：2004-04-20

    申请人： Rocco DiFoggio ,  Arnold Walkow ,  Paul Bergren

    发明人： Rocco DiFoggio ,  Arnold Walkow ,  Paul Bergren

    IPC分类号： G01J3/51

    CPC分类号： G01J3/433 ,  E21B47/102 ,  G01J3/0202 ,  G01J3/0262 ,  G01J3/0291 ,  G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/26 ,  G01J2003/1243 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01N2021/3133 ,  G01N2021/3137 ,  G01N2021/317

    摘要： The present invention provides a simple, robust, and versatile high-resolution spectrometer that is suitable for downhole use. The present invention provides a method and apparatus incorporating a spinning, oscillating or stepping optical interference filter to change the angle at which light passes through the filters after passing through a sample under analysis downhole. As each filter is tilted, the color or wavelength of light passed by the filter changes. Black plates are placed between the filters to isolate each filter's photodiode. The spectrometer of the present invention is suitable for use with a wire line formation tester, such as the Baker Atlas Reservation Characterization Instrument to provide supplemental analysis and monitoring of sample clean up. The present invention is also suitable for deployment in a monitoring while drilling environment. The present invention provides a high resolution spectometer which enables quantification of a crude oil's percentage of aromatics, olefins, and saturates to estimate a sample's gas oil ratio (GOR). Gases such as CO2 are also detectable. The percentage of oil-based mud filtrate contamination in a crude oil sample can be estimated with the present invention by using a suitable training set and chemometrics, a neural network, or other type of correlation method.

    摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种适用于井下使用的简单，坚固且通用的高分辨率光谱仪。 本发明提供了一种包括旋转，振荡或步进光学干涉滤光器的方法和装置，以改变在通过井下分析的样品之后光通过滤光器的角度。 当每个滤光片倾斜时，由滤光片传出的光线的颜色或波长发生变化。 过滤器之间放置黑色板，以隔离每个过滤器的光电二极管。 本发明的光谱仪适合与线形成测试仪一起使用，例如Baker Atlas Reservation Characterization Instrument，以提供对样品清理的补充分析和监测。 本发明也适用于在钻井环境中进行监视。 本发明提供了一种高分辨率光谱仪，其能够定量原油的芳烃，烯烃和饱和物的百分比，以估计样品的瓦斯油比（GOR）。 诸如CO 2 2之类的气体也是可检测的。 通过使用合适的训练集和化学计量学，神经网络或其他类型的相关方法，可以用本发明估算原油样品中油基泥浆滤液污染物的百分比。

    Method and apparatus for a downhole refractometer and attenuated reflectance spectrometer
    4.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for a downhole refractometer and attenuated reflectance spectrometer 有权
    井下折射计和衰减反射光谱仪的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US06683681B2

    公开(公告)日：2004-01-27

    申请号：US10119492

    申请日：2002-04-10

    申请人： Rocco DiFoggio ,  Arnold Walkow ,  Paul Bergren

    发明人： Rocco DiFoggio ,  Arnold Walkow ,  Paul Bergren

    IPC分类号： G01N2141

    CPC分类号： E21B47/102 ,  G01N21/03 ,  G01N21/3577 ,  G01N21/359 ,  G01N21/41 ,  G01N21/552

    摘要： The invention relates to refractometry and attenuated reflectance spectrometry in a wellbore environment. Specifically, it pertains to a robust apparatus and method for measuring refractive index of fluids along a continuum (rather than in steps), and for measuring attenuated reflectance spectra, and for interpreting the measurements made with this apparatus to determine a variety of formation fluid parameters. The present invention provides a method and apparatus to distinguish between gas and liquid based on the much lower index of refraction of gas. It can also be used to monitor fluid sample clean up over time. The refractive index of a wellbore fluid is determined from the fraction, R, of light reflected off the interface between a transparent window that has a known refractive index and this fluid. Preferably, the refractive index is measured at some wavelength of light for which the fluid is not highly attenuating. However, the adjacent transmission spectrometer can be used to correct the refractive index measurement for attenuation at those wavelengths, which it monitors. Also, this reflection-based refractometer design can be used as an attenuated reflectance spectrometer at highly attenuating wavelengths.

    摘要翻译： 本发明涉及井眼环境中的折射测定和衰减反射光谱法。 具体地，它涉及用于测量沿着连续体（而不是步骤）的流体的折射率的鲁棒设备和方法，并且用于测量衰减的反射光谱，并且用于解释用该装置进行的测量以确定各种地层流体参数 。 本发明提供一种基于气体折射率较低的气体和液体区别的方法和装置。 它也可用于监测流体样品随时间的清洁。 井眼流体的折射率由从具有已知折射率的透明窗口与该流体之间的界面反射的光的分数R确定。 优选地，在流体不是高度衰减的某些波长的光下测量折射率。 然而，相邻的透射光谱仪可用于校正其监测的那些波长的衰减的折射率测量。 此外，这种基于反射的折射计设计可以用作衰减衰减波长的衰减反射光谱仪。

    Method and apparatus for a high resolution downhole spectrometer
    6.
    发明申请
    Method and apparatus for a high resolution downhole spectrometer 有权
    高分辨率井下光谱仪的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US20050018192A1

    公开(公告)日：2005-01-27

    申请号：US10827948

    申请日：2004-04-20

    申请人： Rocco DiFoggio ,  Arnold Walkow ,  Paul Bergren

    发明人： Rocco DiFoggio ,  Arnold Walkow ,  Paul Bergren

    IPC分类号： E21B47/10 ,  G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/26 ,  G01J3/433 ,  G01J3/51 ,  G01N21/25 ,  G01N21/31

    CPC分类号： G01J3/433 ,  E21B47/102 ,  G01J3/0202 ,  G01J3/0262 ,  G01J3/0291 ,  G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/26 ,  G01J2003/1243 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01N2021/3133 ,  G01N2021/3137 ,  G01N2021/317

    摘要： The present invention provides a simple, robust, and versatile high-resolution spectrometer that is suitable for downhole use. The present invention provides a method and apparatus incorporating a spinning, oscillating or stepping optical interference filter to change the angle at which light passes through the filters after passing through a sample under analysis downhole. As each filter is tilted, the color or wavelength of light passed by the filter changes. Black plates are placed between the filters to isolate each filter's photodiode. The spectrometer of the present invention is suitable for use with a wire line formation tester, such as the Baker Atlas Reservation Characterization Instrument to provide supplemental analysis and monitoring of sample clean up. The present invention is also suitable for deployment in a monitoring while drilling environment. The present invention provides a high resolution spectometer which enables quantification of a crude oil's percentage of aromatics, olefins, and saturates to estimate a sample's gas oil ratio (GOR). Gases such as CO2 are also detectable. The percentage of oil-based mud filtrate contamination in a crude oil sample can be estimated with the present invention by using a suitable training set and chemometrics, a neural network, or other type of correlation method.

    摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种适用于井下使用的简单，坚固且通用的高分辨率光谱仪。 本发明提供了一种包括旋转，振荡或步进光学干涉滤光器的方法和装置，以改变在通过井下分析的样品之后光通过滤光器的角度。 当每个滤光片倾斜时，由滤光片传出的光线的颜色或波长发生变化。 过滤器之间放置黑色板，以隔离每个过滤器的光电二极管。 本发明的光谱仪适合与线形成测试仪一起使用，例如Baker Atlas Reservation Characterization Instrument，以提供对样品清理的补充分析和监测。 本发明也适用于在钻井环境中进行监视。 本发明提供了一种高分辨率光谱仪，其能够定量原油的芳烃，烯烃和饱和物的百分比，以估计样品的瓦斯油比（GOR）。 气体如二氧化碳也是可以检测的。 通过使用合适的训练集和化学计量学，神经网络或其他类型的相关方法，可以用本发明估算原油样品中油基泥浆滤液污染物的百分比。

    Method and apparatus for a downhole refractometer and attenuated reflectance spectrometer
    8.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for a downhole refractometer and attenuated reflectance spectrometer 有权
    井下折射计和衰减反射光谱仪的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US07016026B2

    公开(公告)日：2006-03-21

    申请号：US10641400

    申请日：2003-08-14

    申请人： Rocco DiFoggio ,  Arnold Walkow ,  Paul Bergren ,  Louis Perez

    发明人： Rocco DiFoggio ,  Arnold Walkow ,  Paul Bergren ,  Louis Perez

    IPC分类号： G01N21/41 ,  G01N21/35

    CPC分类号： E21B47/102 ,  G01N21/3504 ,  G01N21/3577 ,  G01N21/41 ,  G01N21/43 ,  G01N21/552

    摘要： The invention relates to refractometry and attenuated reflectance spectrometry in a wellbore environment. Specifically, it pertains to a robust apparatus and method for measuring refractive index of fluids along a continuum (rather than in steps), and for measuring attenuated reflectance spectra, and for interpreting the measurements made with this apparatus to determine a variety of formation fluid parameters. The present invention provides a method and apparatus to distinguish between gas and liquid based on the much lower index of refraction of gas. It can also be used to monitor fluid sample clean up over time. The refractive index of a wellbore fluid is determined from the fraction, R, of light reflected off the interface between a transparent window that has a known refractive index and this fluid. Preferably, the refractive index is measured at some wavelength of light for which the fluid is not highly attenuating but is optimally attenuating. The adjacent transmission spectrometer can be used to correct the refractive index measurement for attenuation at those wavelengths, which it monitors. Also, this reflection-based refractometer design can be used as an attenuated reflectance spectrometer at highly attenuating wavelengths.

    摘要翻译： 本发明涉及井眼环境中的折射测定和衰减反射光谱法。 具体地，它涉及用于测量沿着连续体（而不是步骤）的流体的折射率的鲁棒设备和方法，并且用于测量衰减的反射光谱，并且用于解释用该装置进行的测量以确定各种地层流体参数 。 本发明提供一种基于气体折射率较低的气体和液体区别的方法和装置。 它也可用于监测流体样品随时间的清洁。 井眼流体的折射率由从具有已知折射率的透明窗口与该流体之间的界面反射的光的分数R确定。 优选地，在某些波长的光下测量折射率，其中流体不是高度衰减的，但是是最佳衰减的。 相邻的透射光谱仪可用于校正在其监测的那些波长处的衰减的折射率测量。 此外，这种基于反射的折射计设计可以用作衰减衰减波长的衰减反射光谱仪。

    Method and apparatus for downhole fluid characterization using flexural mechanical resonators
    9.
    发明申请
    Method and apparatus for downhole fluid characterization using flexural mechanical resonators 有权
    使用弯曲机械谐振器进行井下流体表征的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US20050247119A1

    公开(公告)日：2005-11-10

    申请号：US11092016

    申请日：2005-03-29

    申请人： Rocco DiFoggio ,  Arnold Walkow ,  Paul Bergren ,  Peter Reittinger

    发明人： Rocco DiFoggio ,  Arnold Walkow ,  Paul Bergren ,  Peter Reittinger

    IPC分类号： E21B41/00 ,  E21B47/10 ,  E21B49/10 ,  G01N9/00 ,  G01N11/16 ,  G01N33/24 ,  E21B44/00

    CPC分类号： G01N33/24 ,  E21B49/10 ,  E21B2049/085 ,  G01N9/002 ,  G01N11/16 ,  G01N2009/006 ,  G01V3/32

    摘要： The present invention provides a downhole method and apparatus using a flexural mechanical resonator, for example, a tuning fork to provide real-time direct measurements and estimates of the viscosity, density and dielectric constant of formation fluid or filtrate in a hydrocarbon producing well. The present invention additionally provides a method and apparatus for monitoring cleanup from a leveling off of viscosity or density over time, measuring or estimating bubble point for formation fluid, measuring or estimating dew point for formation fluid, and determining the onset of asphaltene precipitation. The present invention also provides for intercalibration of plural pressure gauges used to determine a pressure differential downhole. A hard or inorganic coating is placed on the flexural mechanical resonator (such as a tuning fork) to reduce the effects of abrasion from sand particles suspended in the flowing fluid in which the flexural mechanical resonator is immersed.

    摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种使用弯曲机械谐振器（例如音叉）的井下方法和装置，以提供实时直接测量和估算烃生产井中地层流体或滤液的粘度，密度和介电常数。 本发明另外提供了一种用于从随着时间的粘度或密度的平滑化来测量清理的方法和装置，测量或估计地层流体的起泡点，测量或估计地层流体的露点，以及确定沥青质沉淀的开始。 本发明还提供用于确定井下压力差的多个压力计的相互校准。 将硬质或无机涂层放置在弯曲机械谐振器（例如音叉）上，以减少悬浮在其中浸入弯曲机械谐振器的流动流体中的砂粒磨损的影响。

    Method and apparatus for a downhole fluorescence spectrometer
    10.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for a downhole fluorescence spectrometer 有权
    井下荧光光谱仪的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US07214933B2

    公开(公告)日：2007-05-08

    申请号：US10453717

    申请日：2003-06-03

    申请人： Rocco DiFoggio ,  Arnold Walkow ,  Paul Bergren

    发明人： Rocco DiFoggio ,  Arnold Walkow ,  Paul Bergren

    IPC分类号： G01N21/64 ,  G01V5/08

    CPC分类号： G01J3/26 ,  E21B49/08 ,  E21B2049/085 ,  G01J3/0202 ,  G01J3/0262 ,  G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/433 ,  G01J3/4406 ,  G01N21/0317 ,  G01N21/3577 ,  G01N21/359 ,  G01N21/64 ,  G01N2021/6421 ,  G01N2021/6439 ,  G01N2021/6482 ,  G01N2021/855

    摘要： The invention comprises an apparatus and method for simple fluorescence spectrometry in a down hole environment. The apparatus and method utilization of two UV light bulbs and an optically clear UV coupler and a fluid containment system. The optically clear UV coupler and fluid containment system are made of sapphire. The apparatus is attached in a manner that enables light transmitted from a light source on the far side of the fluid containment system to pass through a pathway in a plate holding the UV bulbs. UV light illuminates the fluid, which in turn fluoresces light. The fluoresced light is transmitted back towards the UV bulb mount and through the pathway towards an optical spectrum analyzer.

    摘要翻译： 本发明包括在井下环境中简单荧光光谱法的装置和方法。 两种紫外灯泡和光学透明UV耦合器和流体容纳系统的装置和方法利用。 光学透明的UV耦合器和流体容纳系统由蓝宝石制成。 该装置以使得能够从流体容纳系统的远侧上的光源透射的光通过保持UV灯泡的板中的路径的方式附接。 紫外线照射流体，这又使荧光发光。 荧光的光被传输回到UV灯座并通过光谱分析仪。