公开(公告)号：US07694734B2

公开(公告)日：2010-04-13

申请号：US11262644

申请日：2005-10-31

申请人： Rocco DiFoggio ,  Christopher J. Powell ,  Peter W. Reittinger ,  Louis Perez, Jr. ,  Srdjan Stankovic ,  Paul Bergren

发明人： Rocco DiFoggio ,  Christopher J. Powell ,  Peter W. Reittinger ,  Louis Perez, Jr. ,  Srdjan Stankovic ,  Paul Bergren

IPC分类号： E21B47/00

CPC分类号： E21B47/10 ,  E21B49/10 ,  G01N11/16 ,  G01N2009/006

摘要： A method and apparatus are provided for insulating electrical connections to a resonator from fluid downhole under extreme pressure and temperature conditions downhole. The method and apparatus provide a pliable insulator that maintains electrical isolation between a resonator electrical connection during exposure to high pressures downhole. The insulator is substantially chemically non reactive so that the insulator maintains electrical isolation between the resonator electrical connections during exposure to fluids downhole. The insulator has a thermal coefficient of expansion in a range so that the insulator maintains electrical isolation between the resonator electrical connections during exposure to high temperatures downhole.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种方法和装置，用于在井下的极端压力和温度条件下将流体井下绝缘体与谐振器绝缘。 该方法和装置提供了一种柔韧的绝缘体，其在暴露于井下的高压下时在谐振器电连接之间保持电隔离。 绝缘子基本上是化学上无反应的，使得绝缘体在暴露于井下的流体之前在谐振器电连接之间保持电隔离。 绝缘体具有在一定范围内的热膨胀系数，使得绝缘体在暴露于井下高温期间在谐振器电连接之间保持电隔离。

公开(公告)号：US20070095535A1

公开(公告)日：2007-05-03

申请号：US11262644

申请日：2005-10-31

申请人： Rocco DiFoggio ,  Christopher Powell ,  Peter Reittinger ,  Louis Perez ,  Srdjan Stankovic ,  Paul Bergren

发明人： Rocco DiFoggio ,  Christopher Powell ,  Peter Reittinger ,  Louis Perez ,  Srdjan Stankovic ,  Paul Bergren

IPC分类号： E21B36/00 ,  E21B43/24

CPC分类号： E21B47/10 ,  E21B49/10 ,  G01N11/16 ,  G01N2009/006

摘要： A method and apparatus are provided for insulating electrical connections to a resonator from fluid downhole under extreme pressure and temperature conditions downhole. The method and apparatus provide a pliable insulator that maintains electrical isolation between a resonator electrical connection during exposure to high pressures downhole. The insulator is substantially chemically non reactive so that the insulator maintains electrical isolation between the resonator electrical connections during exposure to fluids downhole. The insulator has a thermal coefficient of expansion in a range so that the insulator maintains electrical isolation between the resonator electrical connections during exposure to high temperatures downhole.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种方法和装置，用于在井下的极端压力和温度条件下将流体井下绝缘体与谐振器绝缘。 该方法和装置提供了一种柔韧的绝缘体，其在暴露于井下的高压下时在谐振器电连接之间保持电隔离。 绝缘子基本上是化学上无反应的，使得绝缘体在暴露于井下的流体之前在谐振器电连接之间保持电隔离。 绝缘体具有在一定范围内的热膨胀系数，使得绝缘体在暴露于井下高温期间在谐振器电连接之间保持电隔离。

公开(公告)号：US07162918B2

公开(公告)日：2007-01-16

申请号：US11092016

申请日：2005-03-29

申请人： Rocco DiFoggio ,  Arnold Walkow ,  Paul Bergren ,  Peter W. Reittinger

发明人： Rocco DiFoggio ,  Arnold Walkow ,  Paul Bergren ,  Peter W. Reittinger

IPC分类号： G01H3/04 ,  G01H3/14

CPC分类号： G01N33/24 ,  E21B49/10 ,  E21B2049/085 ,  G01N9/002 ,  G01N11/16 ,  G01N2009/006 ,  G01V3/32

摘要： The present invention provides a downhole method and apparatus using a flexural mechanical resonator, for example, a tuning fork to provide real-time direct measurements and estimates of the viscosity, density and dielectric constant of formation fluid or filtrate in a hydrocarbon producing well. The present invention additionally provides a method and apparatus for monitoring cleanup from a leveling off of viscosity or density over time, measuring or estimating bubble point for formation fluid, measuring or estimating dew point for formation fluid, and determining the onset of asphaltene precipitation. The present invention also provides for intercalibration of plural pressure gauges used to determine a pressure differential downhole. A hard or inorganic coating is placed on the flexural mechanical resonator (such as a tuning fork) to reduce the effects of abrasion from sand particles suspended in the flowing fluid in which the flexural mechanical resonator is immersed.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种使用弯曲机械谐振器（例如音叉）的井下方法和装置，以提供实时直接测量和估算烃生产井中地层流体或滤液的粘度，密度和介电常数。 本发明另外提供了一种用于从随着时间的粘度或密度的平滑化来测量清理的方法和装置，测量或估计地层流体的起泡点，测量或估计地层流体的露点，以及确定沥青质沉淀的开始。 本发明还提供用于确定井下压力差的多个压力计的相互校准。 将硬质或无机涂层放置在弯曲机械谐振器（例如音叉）上，以减少悬浮在其中浸入弯曲机械谐振器的流动流体中的砂粒磨损的影响。

公开(公告)号：US20110304346A1

公开(公告)日：2011-12-15

申请号：US13155034

申请日：2011-06-07

申请人： Rocco DiFoggio ,  Yi Liu ,  Louis Perez ,  Paul Bergren ,  Kerry L. Sanderlin

发明人： Rocco DiFoggio ,  Yi Liu ,  Louis Perez ,  Paul Bergren ,  Kerry L. Sanderlin

IPC分类号： G01R27/04 ,  H01L41/22

CPC分类号： G01N29/022 ,  G01N29/028 ,  G01N2291/02818 ,  G01N2291/0289 ,  G01N2291/0427 ,  H01L41/0533 ,  H01L41/23 ,  Y10T29/42

摘要： Disclosed is an apparatus for estimating a property of a fluid. The apparatus includes: a piezoelectric resonator configured to be disposed in the fluid; an electrode embedded in the piezoelectric resonator and included in a resonator circuit configured to output an electrical signal related to the property; a discontinuity defined by a surface of the piezoelectric resonator, the discontinuity altering an impedance of the resonator circuit if a high-dielectric fluid or a conductive fluid is disposed in the discontinuity; and an insulating material disposed in the discontinuity.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于估计流体性质的装置。 该装置包括：构造成设置在流体中的压电谐振器; 嵌入在所述压电谐振器中并包括在谐振器电路中的电极，所述谐振器电路被配置为输出与所述特性相关的电信号; 由压电谐振器的表面限定的不连续性，如果高介电流体或导电流体被​​布置在不连续处，则不连续性改变谐振器电路的阻抗; 以及设置在不连续处的绝缘材料。

公开(公告)号：US20070129901A1

公开(公告)日：2007-06-07

申请号：US11638893

申请日：2006-12-14

申请人： Rocco DiFoggio ,  Paul Bergren ,  Jun Han

发明人： Rocco DiFoggio ,  Paul Bergren ,  Jun Han

IPC分类号： G01N29/024 ,  G01N29/50 ,  E21B49/08

CPC分类号： E21B49/10 ,  G01N29/024 ,  G01N29/032 ,  G01N29/222 ,  G01N2291/02433

摘要： A method of analyzing acoustic data comprising, determining fluid sound speed through connate fluid. The method involves sampling the fluid, sending an acoustic signal into the fluid between a first and a second reflective interface. Data is recorded that represents acoustic signals over time as they are reflecting from the interfaces. A smoothed first derivative with respect to time of the cumulative sum of squares (CSS) of the filtered amplitude data is determined. This first derivative is cross correlated to the time-shifted versions of itself.

摘要翻译： 一种分析声学数据的方法，包括：通过合成流体确定流体声速。 该方法包括对流体进行取样，将声信号发送到第一和第二反射界面之间的流体中。 记录数据，其随着时间的推移表示声信号，因为它们是从接口反射的。 确定相对于经滤波的振幅数据的累积平方和（CSS）的时间的平滑的一阶导数。 这个一阶导数与其本身的时移版本是交叉相关的。

公开(公告)号：US20060175547A1

公开(公告)日：2006-08-10

申请号：US11051388

申请日：2005-02-04

申请人： Rocco DiFoggio ,  Paul Bergren

发明人： Rocco DiFoggio ,  Paul Bergren

IPC分类号： G01V5/08

CPC分类号： G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0218 ,  G01J3/26 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01N21/3504 ,  G01N21/3577 ,  G01N21/552 ,  G01N21/8507 ,  G01N2201/0691 ,  G01N2201/129

摘要： The present invention provides a method and apparatus for estimating a property of a fluid downhole by exposing the fluid to modulated light downhole and sensing changes in intensity of infrared radiation from the downhole fluid to estimate the property of the downhole fluid. The present invention senses changes in intensity of light by converting the changes to transient changes in temperature of a detector, such as a pyroelectric detector. The present invention performs spectroscopic analysis of fluids by optically filtering the light allowed to impinge on a pyroelectric detector, converting the changes in temperature of the pyroelectric detector to a signal and converting the signal to estimate the property of the downhole fluid. The light source is modulated by mechanically chopping the beam or by electrically pulsing the light source or by steering the beam between different path lengths of sample or between a reference cell (filled with a reference fluid or empty) and a sample-filled cell.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种用于通过将流体暴露于井下调制光并且感测来自井下流体的红外辐射的强度的变化来估计井下流体的性质来估计井下流体的性质的方法和装置。 本发明通过将变化转换成诸如热电检测器的检测器的温度的瞬时变化来感测光强度的变化。 本发明通过对允许撞击在热电检测器上的光进行光学滤波来对流体进行光谱分析，将热释电检测器的温度变化转换为信号，并转换该信号以估计井下流体的性质。 通过机械地切割光束或通过电脉冲光源或通过在不同路径长度的样品之间或在参考单元（填充有参考流体或空的）和样品填充单元之间转向光束来调制光源。

公开(公告)号：US20050099618A1

公开(公告)日：2005-05-12

申请号：US10985715

申请日：2004-11-10

申请人： Rocco DiFoggio ,  Paul Bergren

发明人： Rocco DiFoggio ,  Paul Bergren

IPC分类号： E21B47/06 ,  E21B49/10 ,  G01J3/26 ,  G01N21/00

CPC分类号： E21B49/10 ,  E21B47/06 ,  G01J3/26

摘要： The present invention provides an apparatus and method for high resolution spectroscopy (approximately 10 picometer wavelength resolution) using a tunable optical filter (TOF) for analyzing a formation fluid sample downhole and at the surface to determine formation fluid parameters. The analysis comprises determination of gas oil ratio, API gravity and various other fluid parameters which can be estimated after developing correlations to a training set of samples using a neural network or a chemometric equation.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种使用可调谐光学滤波器（TOF）进行高分辨率光谱仪（约10象素波长分辨率）的装置和方法，用于分析井下地层流体样品和表面以确定地层流体参数。 分析包括确定瓦斯油比率，API重力和各种其他流体参数，这些参数可以在使用神经网络或化学计量学方法与训练样本集相关联后进行估计。

公开(公告)号：US07280214B2

公开(公告)日：2007-10-09

申请号：US10827948

申请日：2004-04-20

申请人： Rocco DiFoggio ,  Arnold Walkow ,  Paul Bergren

发明人： Rocco DiFoggio ,  Arnold Walkow ,  Paul Bergren

IPC分类号： G01J3/51

CPC分类号： G01J3/433 ,  E21B47/102 ,  G01J3/0202 ,  G01J3/0262 ,  G01J3/0291 ,  G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/26 ,  G01J2003/1243 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01N2021/3133 ,  G01N2021/3137 ,  G01N2021/317

摘要： The present invention provides a simple, robust, and versatile high-resolution spectrometer that is suitable for downhole use. The present invention provides a method and apparatus incorporating a spinning, oscillating or stepping optical interference filter to change the angle at which light passes through the filters after passing through a sample under analysis downhole. As each filter is tilted, the color or wavelength of light passed by the filter changes. Black plates are placed between the filters to isolate each filter's photodiode. The spectrometer of the present invention is suitable for use with a wire line formation tester, such as the Baker Atlas Reservation Characterization Instrument to provide supplemental analysis and monitoring of sample clean up. The present invention is also suitable for deployment in a monitoring while drilling environment. The present invention provides a high resolution spectometer which enables quantification of a crude oil's percentage of aromatics, olefins, and saturates to estimate a sample's gas oil ratio (GOR). Gases such as CO2 are also detectable. The percentage of oil-based mud filtrate contamination in a crude oil sample can be estimated with the present invention by using a suitable training set and chemometrics, a neural network, or other type of correlation method.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种适用于井下使用的简单，坚固且通用的高分辨率光谱仪。 本发明提供了一种包括旋转，振荡或步进光学干涉滤光器的方法和装置，以改变在通过井下分析的样品之后光通过滤光器的角度。 当每个滤光片倾斜时，由滤光片传出的光线的颜色或波长发生变化。 过滤器之间放置黑色板，以隔离每个过滤器的光电二极管。 本发明的光谱仪适合与线形成测试仪一起使用，例如Baker Atlas Reservation Characterization Instrument，以提供对样品清理的补充分析和监测。 本发明也适用于在钻井环境中进行监视。 本发明提供了一种高分辨率光谱仪，其能够定量原油的芳烃，烯烃和饱和物的百分比，以估计样品的瓦斯油比（GOR）。 诸如CO 2 2之类的气体也是可检测的。 通过使用合适的训练集和化学计量学，神经网络或其他类型的相关方法，可以用本发明估算原油样品中油基泥浆滤液污染物的百分比。

公开(公告)号：US07124596B2

公开(公告)日：2006-10-24

申请号：US10847243

申请日：2004-05-17

申请人： Rocco DiFoggio ,  Paul Bergren

发明人： Rocco DiFoggio ,  Paul Bergren

IPC分类号： F25D23/12

CPC分类号： E21B47/011 ,  E21B36/003 ,  E21B49/08

摘要： A cooling system in which an electronic device or other component is cooled by using one or more solid sources of liquid vapor (such as polymeric absorbents, hydrates or desiccants that desorb water at comparatively low temperature) in conjunction with one or more high-temperature vapor sorbents or desiccants that effectively transfer heat from the component to the fluid in the wellbore. Depending on the wellbore temperature, desiccants are provided that release water at various high regeneration temperatures such as molecular sieve (220–250° C.), potassium carbonate (300° C.), magnesium oxide (800° C.) and calcium oxide (1000° C.). A solid water source is provided using a water-absorbent polymer, such as sodium polyacrylate. Heat transfer is controlled in part by a check valve selected to release water vapor at a selected vapor pressure.

摘要翻译： 一种冷却系统，其中电子装置或其它部件通过使用一种或多种液体蒸气固体源（例如聚合物吸收剂，在较低温度下解吸水的水合物或干燥剂）与一种或多种高温蒸气 有效地将热量从组分传递到井眼中的流体的吸附剂或干燥剂。 根据井筒温度，提供干燥剂，可以在各种高再生温度下分离水，如分子筛（220-250℃），碳酸钾（300℃），氧化镁（800℃）和氧化钙 （1000℃）。 使用吸水性聚合物如聚丙烯酸钠提供固体水源。 传热部分地由选定的止回阀控制以在选定的蒸汽压力下释放水蒸汽。

公开(公告)号：US06683681B2

公开(公告)日：2004-01-27

申请号：US10119492

申请日：2002-04-10

申请人： Rocco DiFoggio ,  Arnold Walkow ,  Paul Bergren

发明人： Rocco DiFoggio ,  Arnold Walkow ,  Paul Bergren

IPC分类号： G01N2141

CPC分类号： E21B47/102 ,  G01N21/03 ,  G01N21/3577 ,  G01N21/359 ,  G01N21/41 ,  G01N21/552

摘要： The invention relates to refractometry and attenuated reflectance spectrometry in a wellbore environment. Specifically, it pertains to a robust apparatus and method for measuring refractive index of fluids along a continuum (rather than in steps), and for measuring attenuated reflectance spectra, and for interpreting the measurements made with this apparatus to determine a variety of formation fluid parameters. The present invention provides a method and apparatus to distinguish between gas and liquid based on the much lower index of refraction of gas. It can also be used to monitor fluid sample clean up over time. The refractive index of a wellbore fluid is determined from the fraction, R, of light reflected off the interface between a transparent window that has a known refractive index and this fluid. Preferably, the refractive index is measured at some wavelength of light for which the fluid is not highly attenuating. However, the adjacent transmission spectrometer can be used to correct the refractive index measurement for attenuation at those wavelengths, which it monitors. Also, this reflection-based refractometer design can be used as an attenuated reflectance spectrometer at highly attenuating wavelengths.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及井眼环境中的折射测定和衰减反射光谱法。 具体地，它涉及用于测量沿着连续体（而不是步骤）的流体的折射率的鲁棒设备和方法，并且用于测量衰减的反射光谱，并且用于解释用该装置进行的测量以确定各种地层流体参数 。 本发明提供一种基于气体折射率较低的气体和液体区别的方法和装置。 它也可用于监测流体样品随时间的清洁。 井眼流体的折射率由从具有已知折射率的透明窗口与该流体之间的界面反射的光的分数R确定。 优选地，在流体不是高度衰减的某些波长的光下测量折射率。 然而，相邻的透射光谱仪可用于校正其监测的那些波长的衰减的折射率测量。 此外，这种基于反射的折射计设计可以用作衰减衰减波长的衰减反射光谱仪。