公开(公告)号：US06549276B1

公开(公告)日：2003-04-15

申请号：US09830735

申请日：2001-07-09

申请人： Jon P. Longtin

发明人： Jon P. Longtin

IPC分类号： G01N2141

CPC分类号： G01N21/4133 ,  G01N2021/414 ,  G01N2021/4153

摘要： Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for precision optical measurement of solute concentration and temperature of a transparent liquid. The apparatus includes a vessel (12) which contains a sample of liquid (14), the refractive index of which is to be determined, a light source (22) and a beam position sensor (30). The vessel (12) has an entrance side and an exit side, with a known angular relationship therebetween, and is situated in a known ambient The light source (22) is located so as to cause a beam of light to impinge on the entrance side at an angle with respect to a normal to an outer surface of the entrance side, to pass through the liquid (14), and to then pass through the exit side, from which it exits at an angle with respect to a normal to an outer surface of the exit side. The beam position sensor (30) provides data for determining the exit angle thereby permitting the refractive index of the liquid to be determined, based on the angles.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于精密光学测量透明液体的溶质浓度和温度的方法和装置。 该装置包括容纳液体（14）的容器（12），其折射率将被确定，光源（22）和光束位置传感器（30）。 容器（12）具有入口侧和出口侧，其间具有已知的角度关系，并且位于已知的环境中。光源（22）被定位成使得光束撞击入口侧 相对于入口侧的外表面的法线成一定角度，穿过液体（14），然后穿过出口侧，从该出口侧以与外部的法线成一定角度离开该出口侧 出口侧的表面。 光束位置传感器（30）基于角度提供用于确定出射角度的数据，从而允许确定液体的折射率。

公开(公告)号：US06295125B1

公开(公告)日：2001-09-25

申请号：US09521917

申请日：2000-03-09

申请人： Tsunemi Tokieda ,  Yukio Nogami ,  Saburo Inoue

发明人： Tsunemi Tokieda ,  Yukio Nogami ,  Saburo Inoue

IPC分类号： G01N2141

CPC分类号： G01N21/4133 ,  G01N30/74

摘要： To provide a differential refractive index detector free from fears for occurrence of personal errors in the judgement of stable condition and capable of performing highly efficient analysis operation, and a liquid chromatograph equipped with the detector. A differential refractive index detector provided with a reference cell, a sample cell, a light source for irradiating light on these two cells, a detecting part for detecting light transmitted through respective cells, and a signal processing part for applying predetermined processing to the output signal from the detecting part, which comprises means for sequentially performing an initial solution purge operation of purging the sample cell and the reference cell with an eluent by passing the eluent through the cells at the start of operation of said detector, a stabilizing solution purge operation of allowing the eluent purge of sample cell and reference cell to proceed and at the same time, confirming the stable condition thereof, and a stability confirming operation of confirming whether or not the detector has stabilized in an analysis capable condition by passing the eluent only through the sample cell, and means for announcing that the detector has stabilized in the analysis capable condition. According to the differential refractive index detector of the present invention, the processing from the initial solution purge operation to the stability confirming operation can be automated and a highly efficient analysis operation can be attained.

摘要翻译： 提供一种在稳定状态判断和能够进行高效分析操作的判断中不存在人为错误发生的差示折射率检测器和配备有检测器的液相色谱仪。 具有参考单元，样本单元，用于在这两个单元上照射光的光源的差分折射率检测器，用于检测通过各个单元传输的光的检测部分和用于对输出信号进行预定处理的信号处理部分 所述检测部分包括用于在所述检测器开始操作时通过使洗脱液通过细胞，顺序地执行用洗脱液清洗样品池和参考池的初始溶液清除操作的装置，稳定溶液清洗操作 允许样品池和参比细胞的洗脱液吹扫进行并同时确认其稳定状态，以及稳定性确认操作，通过使洗脱液仅通过该分析能力条件来确认检测器是否在分析能力条件下稳定 样品池，以及用于通知检测器在分析盖中已经稳定的装置 有条件 根据本发明的差示折射率检测器，可以自动化从初始溶液清洗操作到稳定性确认操作的处理，并且可以实现高效的分析操作。

公开(公告)号：US06734956B2

公开(公告)日：2004-05-11

申请号：US10139577

申请日：2002-05-06

申请人： Michael J. Byrne ,  Keshav D. Sharma ,  Robert C. Atkinson ,  Bruce R. Cordier

发明人： Michael J. Byrne ,  Keshav D. Sharma ,  Robert C. Atkinson ,  Bruce R. Cordier

IPC分类号： G01N2141

CPC分类号： G01N21/4133

摘要： An optical configuration for measuring a difference in refractive index between a first sample and a second sample comprises partitioned first and second optical interfaces symmetrically illuminated by an illumination beam to provide first and second partial beams defined by the refractive index of the first and second samples, respectively. A linear scanned array is aligned in a meridional plane of the optical configuration for detection purposes, and an optical multiplexor is provided upstream of the linear scanned array for receiving the first and second partial beams and defining first and second optical channels carrying optical signal information corresponding to the first and second partial beams. The optical multiplexor switches between optical channels, such that the linear scanned array detects either the first or second optical channel at a given time. Thus, differential measurements are possible using a single linear array. Embodiments for critical angle and surface plasmon resonance refractive index measurements are disclosed. The disclosure also relates to methods for measuring a difference in refractive index between a first sample and a second sample in accordance with the described optical configuration embodiments.

摘要翻译： 用于测量第一样品和第二样品之间的折射率差异的光学配置包括由照明光束对称地照射的划分的第一和第二光学界面，以提供由第一和第二样品的折射率限定的第一和第二部分光束， 分别。 线性扫描阵列在光学配置的子午平面中对准以用于检测目的，并且在线性扫描阵列的上游提供光学多路复用器，用于接收第一和第二部分波束，并且定义携带相应的光信号信息的第一和第二光学通道 到第一和第二部分光束。 光学多路复用器在光学通道之间切换，使得线性扫描阵列在给定时间检测第一或第二光学通道。 因此，使用单个线性阵列可以进行差分测量。 公开了用于临界角和表面等离子共振折射率测量的实施例。 本公开还涉及根据所述光学配置实施例测量第一样品和第二样品之间的折射率差的方法。

公开(公告)号：US06665071B2

公开(公告)日：2003-12-16

申请号：US10341225

申请日：2003-01-13

申请人： Minna Hovinen ,  Jon Opsal

发明人： Minna Hovinen ,  Jon Opsal

IPC分类号： G01N2141

CPC分类号： G01N21/211 ,  G01N21/171

摘要： A method is disclosed for measuring the dose and energy level of ion implants forming a shallow junction in a semiconductor sample. In the method, two independent measurements of the sample are made. The first measurement monitors the response of the sample to periodic excitation. In the illustrated embodiment, the modulated optical reflectivity of a reflected probe beam is monitored to provide information related to the generation of thermal and/or plasma waves in the sample. A second spectroscopic measurement is also performed. This measurement could be either a spectroscopic reflectometry measurement or a spectroscopic ellipsometry measurement. The data from the two measurements are combined in a manner to yield information about both the dose (concentration) of the dopants as well as the energy used to inject the dopants in the semiconductor lattice. The method will useful in controlling the formation of shallow junctions.

公开(公告)号：US06396576B1

公开(公告)日：2002-05-28

申请号：US09794991

申请日：2001-02-27

申请人： Kyle R. Bleyle

发明人： Kyle R. Bleyle

IPC分类号： G01N2141

CPC分类号： G01N21/43

摘要： A method for determining a cell crossing number of a shadowline between illuminated and dark regions of a linear scanned array of photosensitive cells, and an automatic refractometer using the method, are disclosed. The array is scanned to extract a response signal from each of the photosensitive cells, and the response signals are converted from are converted from analog form to digital pixels, thus yielding a set of data points that collectively represent an illumination distribution curve over the array. A range of cells within which the shadowline resides is established by analyzing the illumination curve data. The second derivative of the illumination distribution curve over the established range of cells is calculated and the greatest positive area bounded by the second derivative is identified. The centroid of the greatest positive area is found and its cell number coordinate is deemed the cell crossing number of the shadowline. The method provides improved precision to better accommodate varying levels of illumination intensity.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于确定感光单元的线性扫描阵列的亮区和暗区之间的阴影线的单元交叉数的方法，以及使用该方法的自动折射计。 扫描阵列以从每个感光单元提取响应信号，并且将响应信号从模拟形式转换为数字像素，从而产生一组共同表示阵列上的照明分布曲线的数据点。 通过分析照明曲线数据建立阴影线所在的单元格范围。 计算细胞的建立范围内照度分布曲线的二阶导数，并确定二次导数界限的最大正面积。 发现最大正面积的质心，其细胞数坐标被认为是阴影线的细胞交叉数。 该方法提供改进的精度以更好地适应不同程度的照明强度。

公开(公告)号：US06317201B1

公开(公告)日：2001-11-13

申请号：US09399148

申请日：1999-09-20

申请人： Michael Heckmeier

发明人： Michael Heckmeier

IPC分类号： G01N2141

CPC分类号： G01N21/43

摘要： The present invention relates to a method for the determination of refractive indices, ranging over a wide range of values. It also relates to a method for the determination of the birefringence of liquid crystals. Further, it relates to optical instruments used for such determinations.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种在宽范围内测定折射率的方法。 它还涉及一种用于确定液晶双折射的方法。 此外，它涉及用于这种确定的光学仪器。

公开(公告)号：US06195160B1

公开(公告)日：2001-02-27

申请号：US09418071

申请日：1999-10-14

申请人： Michael D. Rainer ,  Aaron J. Becker

发明人： Michael D. Rainer ,  Aaron J. Becker

IPC分类号： G01N2141

CPC分类号： G01N21/43 ,  G01N2201/0221

摘要： An illuminator for use in a refractometer having a body housing, a sample cover assembly, a prism assembly and measuring assembly for measuring the composition and density of a substance. The illuminator includes a light source, a power source for operating the light source and an operating means for selectively activating the light source. The illuminator is located in the refractometer housing such that the light source is in a position on or about the prism assembly to illuminate a fluid substance to be measured. Light from the light source is introduced at a grazing incidence to a measuring surface of the prism. Phosphorescent material in the sample cover provides reticle illumination.

摘要翻译： 一种用于具有主体外壳的折射计的照明器，用于测量物质的组成和密度的样品盖组件，棱镜组件和测量组件。 照明器包括光源，用于操作光源的电源和用于选择性地启动光源的操作装置。 照明器位于折射计壳体中，使得光源处于棱镜组件上或周围的位置，以照亮要测量的流体物质。 来自光源的光以掠射入射到棱镜的测量表面。 样品盖中的磷光材料提供了掩模版照明。

公开(公告)号：US06181416B2

公开(公告)日：2001-01-30

申请号：US09292101

申请日：1999-04-14

申请人： Robert Aaron Falk

发明人： Robert Aaron Falk

IPC分类号： G01N2141

CPC分类号： G01N21/455

摘要： An optical beam (3) passes through an illuminator (18), a semiconductor device (70), and an imager (20) to form a test object image (17) on a camera (16). Intensity variations in the object image (17) correspond to carrier density and temperature gradients inside the semiconductor device (70).

摘要翻译： 光束（3）通过照明器（18），半导体器件（70）和成像器（20），以在相机（16）上形成测试对象图像（17）。 对象图像（17）中的强度变化对应于半导体器件（70）内的载流子密度和温度梯度。

公开(公告)号：US06788402B2

公开(公告)日：2004-09-07

申请号：US09880361

申请日：2001-06-13

申请人： Hubert Kuderer ,  Konrad Teitz ,  Detlev Hadbawnik

发明人： Hubert Kuderer ,  Konrad Teitz ,  Detlev Hadbawnik

IPC分类号： G01N2141

CPC分类号： G01N30/74 ,  G01N21/4133 ,  G01N30/30

摘要： A method of reducing the effects of varying environmental conditions on a measuring instrument includes thermally insulating a measuring unit such that the effects of variations of environmental conditions on selected components of the measuring unit are substantially reduced, while allowing dissipated heat generated within the measuring unit to leave the measuring unit. The method also includes controlling a first temperature in the measuring unit by means of a control loop which includes a temperature sensor and means to influence the first temperature in the measuring unit in such a way that temperatures at locations with selected components are kept substantially constant.

摘要翻译： 减少测量仪器上环境条件变化的影响的方法包括对测量单元进行隔热，使得测量单元的选定部件的环境条件变化的影响大大降低，同时允许在测量单元内产生的散热 离开测量单元。 该方法还包括通过控制回路来控制测量单元中的第一温度，所述控制回路包括温度传感器和在所述测量单元中影响所述第一温度的装置，使得所选部件的位置处的温度保持基本恒定。

公开(公告)号：US06773922B2

公开(公告)日：2004-08-10

申请号：US10191148

申请日：2002-07-09

申请人： Tzyy-Wen Jeng ,  Larry L. McDowell ,  Joseph Larry Pezzaniti ,  Gary M. Oosta ,  Eric B. Shain

发明人： Tzyy-Wen Jeng ,  Larry L. McDowell ,  Joseph Larry Pezzaniti ,  Gary M. Oosta ,  Eric B. Shain

IPC分类号： G01N2141

CPC分类号： G01N21/4133 ,  G01N21/05 ,  G01N21/274 ,  Y10T436/144444 ,  Y10T436/146666 ,  Y10T436/147777 ,  Y10T436/171538 ,  Y10T436/200833

摘要： Apparatus and method for determining at least one parameter, e.g., concentration, of at least one analyte, e.g., urea, of a biological sample, e.g., urine. A biological sample particularly suitable for the apparatus and method of this invention is urine. In general, spectroscopic measurements can be used to quantify the concentrations of one or more analytes in a biological sample. In order to obtain concentration values of certain analytes, such as hemoglobin and bilirubin, visible light absorption spectroscopy can be used. In order to obtain concentration values of other analytes, such as urea, creatinine, glucose, ketones, and protein, infrared light absorption spectroscopy can be used. The apparatus and method of this invention utilize one or more mathematical techniques to improve the accuracy of measurement of parameters of analytes in a biological sample. The invention also provides an apparatus and method for measuring the refractive index of a sample of biological fluid while making spectroscopic measurements substantially simultaneously.

摘要翻译： 用于确定生物样品例如尿液的至少一种分析物（例如尿素）的至少一个参数例如浓度的装置和方法。 特别适用于本发明的装置和方法的生物样品是尿液。 通常，光谱测量可用于量化生物样品中一种或多种分析物的浓度。 为了获得某些分析物（如血红蛋白和胆红素）的浓度值，可以使用可见光吸收光谱。 为了获得其他分析物（如尿素，肌酐，葡萄糖，酮和蛋白质）的浓度值，可以使用红外光吸收光谱。 本发明的装置和方法利用一种或多种数学技术来提高生物样品中分析物参数的测量精度。 本发明还提供了一种用于在基本上同时进行光谱测量的同时测量生物流体样品的折射率的装置和方法。