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公开(公告)号：US4894822A
公开(公告)日：1990-01-16
申请号：US126074
申请日：1987-11-24
CPC分类号： H04L49/255 , H04L29/06 , H04L49/253
摘要： A method and apparatus for decreasing delay and use of data processing resources in the reliable transmission of data frames in a packet network. In transmitting data from a source to a destination over a plurality of intermediate data switching points, the data processing required for each frame is selectively varied at each data switching point, according to the requirements for transmission of data frames of a message and of the succeeding link used for that message. A virtual link address is transmitted with each data frame which is translated into the mode of processing the frame at the data switching point, and into the virtual and real address of the next data link. Advantageously, such an arrangement allows for minimizing the data processing load and delay at each protocol handler of the data path through the packet network.
摘要翻译： 一种在分组网络中数据帧的可靠传输中减少数据处理资源的延迟和使用的方法和装置。 在通过多个中间数据交换点从源向目的地发送数据时，根据对消息的数据帧的传输和后续的数据帧的要求，在每个数据交换点选择性地改变每帧所需的数据处理 链接用于该消息。 以每个数据帧发送虚拟链路地址，该数据帧被转换成在数据交换点处理帧的模式，并进入下一个数据链路的虚拟和实际地址。 有利地，这种布置允许通过分组网络最小化数据路径的每个协议处理器处的数据处理负载和延迟。
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公开(公告)号：US5195091A
公开(公告)日：1993-03-16
申请号：US727492
申请日：1991-07-09
申请人： Charles Y. Farwell , Michel L. Hearn , Richard M. Heidebrecht , Kelvin K. Ho , Douglas A. Spencer
发明人： Charles Y. Farwell , Michel L. Hearn , Richard M. Heidebrecht , Kelvin K. Ho , Douglas A. Spencer
CPC分类号： H04J3/0658 , H04B7/2668 , H04W36/18 , H04J3/0632 , H04J3/0664 , H04J3/0673 , H04W56/00
摘要： A CDMA cellular radio-telephone system (FIG. 2) has switching systems (201) synchronized to public telephone network (100) timing signals (600), and radio telephones (203) and cell base stations (202) synchronized to a different clock (1000). Transmission delays between the cell base stations and the telephone network are variable. Switching systems include digital communications interfaces (264) to the telephone system, whose connections to the telephone system are synchronized to the telephone system, and whose connections to the cells are nominally also synchronized to the telephone system but whose processor (602) operates for each call within predefined windows (1302, 1402) of phase relationships to the operation of the cell that is handling the call, and occasionally adjusts (FIGS. 13-16) its phase relationships to the operation of the telephone system to achieve and maintain its operation within the predefined windows. Packet-switched communications (350) between the cells and the switching systems absorb the phase relationship fluctuations and the timing adjustments in inter-packet intervals. Circuit-switched signal communications between the switching systems and the telephone system absorb the timing adjustments by means of vocoder (604)-implemented slips--bit insertions or deletions--in the communications traffic bit stream.
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公开(公告)号：US4510596A
公开(公告)日：1985-04-09
申请号：US433821
申请日：1982-10-12
CPC分类号： H04Q11/0428 , H04M11/068
摘要： A PCM switching system requires the assignment of either one or two time slots of a pair of time slots to a port circuit depending upon the type of service (voice only or voice plus data) each port circuit provides. Common resources normally assign a pair of time slots to each port circuit. This wastes time slots when the port circuit is used in a manner (voice only service) that requires only a single time slot. The disclosed arrangement eliminates the wasting of time slots by permitting the on-site reconfiguring of the system resources so that, when desired, only a single time slot can be assigned to a port circuit. This is accomplished by the removal of a first type of carrier control board that controls time slot distribution and by the substitution therefore of a second type of control board that applies the first time slot of a pair to its normally assigned port circuit and applies the second time slot of the same pair to another port circuit on the same carrier that also only requires a single time slot. This permits a given system to be configured initially in a first mode and then be subsequently reconfigured on-site so the port circuits of a carrier can each be assigned either one or two time slots. This arrangement avoids the wasting of time slots or costly on-site modifications as service needs change.
摘要翻译： PCM切换系统需要根据每个端口电路提供的服务类型（仅语音或数据加数据），将一对时隙中的一个或两个时隙分配给端口电路。 公共资源通常为每个端口电路分配一对时隙。 当以仅需要单个时隙的方式（仅语音服务）使用端口电路时，这浪费了时隙。 所公开的布置通过允许系统资源的现场重新配置来消除时隙的浪费，使得在需要时只能将一个时隙分配给端口电路。 这是通过去除控制时隙分配的第一类型的载波控制板来实现的，并且由此替换第二类型的控制板，其将一对的第一时隙应用于其正常分配的端口电路，并且将第二类型 同一对的时隙同一个载波上的另一个端口电路，也只需要一个时隙。 这允许给定的系统最初以第一模式配置，然后在现场重新配置，因此每个载波的端口电路可以分配一个或两个时隙。 这种安排避免了随着服务需求的变化而浪费时隙或昂贵的现场修改。
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公开(公告)号：US08035374B1
公开(公告)日：2011-10-11
申请号：US12245054
申请日：2008-10-03
IPC分类号： G01V3/00
CPC分类号： E21B47/0905
摘要： A tool disposable within a well pipe, such as for detecting a freepoint of a well pipe, includes an electromagnet capable of inducing a magnetic field within a wall of a well pipe. The tool includes a Barkhausen noise sensing device capable of sensing magnetic Barkhausen noise in response to the electromagnet inducing the magnetic field within the wall of the well pipe. The tool may be moved along the well pipe so as make two passes of the tool along the well pipe, with one pass being performed while the well pipe is less stressed and the other pass being performed while the well pipe is more stressed, with the output of the tool during a first pass being compared to the output of the tool during a second pass to determine the location of the freepoint of the well pipe.
摘要翻译： 在井管内一次性使用的工具，例如用于检测井管的自由点，包括能够在井管壁内引起磁场的电磁体。 该工具包括一个能够感应磁性Barkhausen噪声的Barkhausen噪声检测装置，以响应于电磁体引起井管壁内的磁场。 工具可以沿着井管移动，以便沿着井管进行两次工具，同时在井管受力较小的同时进行一次通过，而在井管更受应力的情况下执行另一道次，其中 在第二次通过期间将工具的输出与工具的输出进行比较以确定井管的自由点的位置。
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公开(公告)号：US5278892A
公开(公告)日：1994-01-11
申请号：US7034
申请日：1993-01-21
申请人： Brian D. Bolliger , Talmage P. Bursh, Jr. , Kelvin K. Ho , Alan S. Mulberg , LaJeana N. Roberts , Kenneth F. Smolik , Douglas A. Spencer , Kenneth W. Strom , John S. Thompson
发明人： Brian D. Bolliger , Talmage P. Bursh, Jr. , Kelvin K. Ho , Alan S. Mulberg , LaJeana N. Roberts , Kenneth F. Smolik , Douglas A. Spencer , Kenneth W. Strom , John S. Thompson
摘要： A CDMA cellular radio-telephone system (FIG. 2) comprises a packet-switched communications network (202, 207, 201) that interconnects cells (base stations; 202) with each other and with the public telephone network (100). A unique combination of a static addressing plan that uses a different LAPD DLCI (302 in FIG. 7) for each unidirectional virtual call path, direct cell (202)-to-cell and cell-to-call-processing unit (264 in FIG. 5) control information exchanges, and packet-switching techniques that permit call traffic and control communications to share call paths and permit different call paths to share physical resources, is applied to call processing. This enables soft handoffs (FIGS. 27-29) to be handled in a manner transparent to the parties to the call and without significant involvement of system control elements (134 and 261 in FIG. 2) whose involvement would adversely impact the system's call-handling capacity. It also enables soft handoffs to occur without change of the call processing unit that is handling the call, so that a single call processing unit continues to handle the call from start to finish through even multiple soft handoffs.
摘要翻译： CDMA蜂窝无线电电话系统（图2）包括将小区（基站; 202）彼此互连并与公共电话网络（100）互连的分组交换通信网络（202,207,201）。 对于每个单向虚拟呼叫路径使用不同的LAPD DLCI（图7中的302）的静态寻址计划的独特组合，直接小区（202）到小区和小区到呼叫处理单元（图7中的264 5）控制信息交换和允许呼叫业务和控制通信共享呼叫路径并允许不同呼叫路径共享物理资源的分组交换技术被应用于呼叫处理。 这使得能够以对呼叫的各方透明的方式处理软切换（图27-29），并且不涉及系统控制元件（图2中的第134和261），其参与将不利地影响系统的呼叫 - 处理能力。 它还可以在不改变处理呼叫的呼叫处理单元的情况下实现软切换，使得单个呼叫处理单元继续通过甚至多个软切换从头到尾处理呼叫。
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公开(公告)号：US5195090A
公开(公告)日：1993-03-16
申请号：US727498
申请日：1991-07-09
申请人： Brian D. Bolliger , Talmage P. Bursh, Jr. , Marc K. Dennison , Michael J. English , Charles Y. Farwell , Michel L. Hearn , Richard M. Heidebrecht , Kelvin K. Ho , Kenneth Y. Ho , David M. Kissel , Paul E. Miller , Richard D. Miller , Alan S. Mulberg , LaJeana N. Roberts , Michael A. Smith , Kenneth F. Smolik , Douglas A. Spencer , Kenneth W. Strom , John S. Thompson , Richard A. Windhausen
发明人： Brian D. Bolliger , Talmage P. Bursh, Jr. , Marc K. Dennison , Michael J. English , Charles Y. Farwell , Michel L. Hearn , Richard M. Heidebrecht , Kelvin K. Ho , Kenneth Y. Ho , David M. Kissel , Paul E. Miller , Richard D. Miller , Alan S. Mulberg , LaJeana N. Roberts , Michael A. Smith , Kenneth F. Smolik , Douglas A. Spencer , Kenneth W. Strom , John S. Thompson , Richard A. Windhausen
CPC分类号： H04W36/18 , H04J3/0632
摘要： A wireless-access communications system, such as a CDMA cellular radio-telephone system (FIG. 2), comprises a packet-switched communications network (202, 207, 201) that interconnects cells (base stations; 202) with each other and with the public telephone network (100). Traffic of individual calls is packetized, and packet-bearing frames (300 in FIG. 7) of a plurality of calls are then statistically multiplexed and frame-relayed through the network to yield the high capacity, efficiency, and speed of traffic transport and handoff required for a CDMA cellular system. At each call processing unit (264 in FIG. 5), individual calls are handled by individual service circuits (602 and 612) which perform speech-processing functions such as coding and decoding, tone insertion, and echo cancellation, and packet-to-circuit-switched-PCM traffic conversion. Processors (602) adapt call processing unit timing to compensate for asynchrony between cells and call processing units and variations in call path transmission delays. Cell-to-cell communications, fixed call path addressing, and packetized control message transfers ensure that the same service circuit handles a call through even multiple soft handoffs (FIGS. 27-29) and efficiently communicates simultaneously with all cells involved in the handoff without involvement of system control entities and negative effect on system call-handling capacity. Both coded (packet-switched) and uncoded (circuit-switched) radio-telephone traffic are accommodated side-by-side. Wherever possible, existing and proven technology and component units are used to achieve low cost and high reliability.
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公开(公告)号：US06674853B1
公开(公告)日：2004-01-06
申请号：US09718909
申请日：2000-11-22
IPC分类号： H04M300
CPC分类号： H04M7/00 , H04L12/2856 , H04L12/2874 , H04M3/4228 , H04M7/0093
摘要： allowing a central business communication system to handle all aspects of call setup on a remote switch. Call control for a telecommunication call set up on a remote switch continues to be handled by the central business communication system; however, the switching of the bearer channels is performed automatically on the remote switch if the telecommunication call is between telecommunication terminals on the remote switch. In addition, if the telecommunication call is between two remote switches, the remote switches will automatically communicate the bearer channels through an interconnecting media without going through the central business communication system. In addition, when an Internet protocol (IP) such as IETF RFC 791 is utilized to communicate the bearer channels between the central business communication system and the remote switch, multi-frequency dialing tones received from analog telephones connected to the remote switching network are converted to digital information before transmission via the IP communication channels to the central business telecommunication system.
摘要翻译： 允许中央商务通信系统处理远程交换机上呼叫建立的所有方面。 在远程交换机上建立的电话呼叫的呼叫控制继续由中央业务通信系统处理; 然而，如果电信呼叫在远程交换机上的电信终端之间，承载信道的切换在远程交换机上自动执行。 另外，如果电话呼叫在两个远程交换机之间，远程交换机将通过互连媒体自动通信承载信道，而不通过中央业务通信系统。 此外，当使用诸如IETF RFC 791之类的因特网协议（IP）来传送中央业务通信系统和远程交换机之间的承载信道时，从连接到远程交换网络的模拟电话接收的多频拨号音被转换 通过IP通信信道传输到中央商务电信系统之前的数字信息。
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公开(公告)号：US5184347A
公开(公告)日：1993-02-02
申请号：US727491
申请日：1991-07-09
申请人： Charles Y. Farwell , Michel L. Hearn , Richard M. Heidebrecht , Kelvin K. Ho , Douglas A. Spencer
发明人： Charles Y. Farwell , Michel L. Hearn , Richard M. Heidebrecht , Kelvin K. Ho , Douglas A. Spencer
CPC分类号： H04J3/0658 , H04J3/0664 , H04J3/0673 , H04W84/04
摘要： A CDMA cellular radio-telephone system (FIG. 2) has switching systems (201) synchronized to public telephone network (100) timing signals (600), and radio telephones (203) and cell base stations (202) synchronized to different clock (1000). Transmission delays between the cell base stations and the telephone network are variable. Switching systems include digital communications interfaces (264) to the telephone system, whose connections to the telephone system are synchronized to the telephone system, and whose connections to the cells are nominally also synchronized to the telephone system but whose processor (602) operates for each call within predefined windows (1302, 1402) of phase relationships to the operation of the cell that is handling the call, and occasionally adjusts (FIGS. 13-16) its phase relationships to the operation of the telephone system to achieve and maintain its operation within the predefined windows. Packet-switched communications (350) between the cells and the switching systems absorb the phase relationship fluctuations and the timing adjustments in inter-packet intervals. Circuit-switched digital communications between the switching systems and the telephone system absorb the timing adjustments by means of vocoder (604)-implemented slips--bit insertions or deletions--in the communications traffic bit stream.
摘要翻译： CDMA蜂窝无线电电话系统（图2）具有与公共电话网络（100）同步的定时信号（600）和与不同时钟同步的无线电话（203）和小区基站（202）同步的交换系统（201） 1000）。 小区基站和电话网络之间的传输延迟是可变的。 交换系统包括到电话系统的数字通信接口（264），其电话系统的连接与电话系统同步，并且其与小区的连接在名义上也与电话系统同步，但其处理器（602）为每个 在与正在处理呼叫的小区的操作相关联的预定窗口（1302,1402）内呼叫，并且偶尔将其相位关系调整（图13-16）到电话系统的操作以实现和维持其操作 在预定窗口内。 小区和交换系统之间的分组交换通信（350）吸收相位关系波动和分组间间隔中的定时调整。 交换系统和电话系统之间的电路交换数字通信通过通信业务位流中的声码器（604）实现的滑移位插入或删除来吸收定时调整。
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公开(公告)号：US4488294A
公开(公告)日：1984-12-11
申请号：US363424
申请日：1982-03-30
摘要： Apparatus for facilitating the transport and switching of synchronous and asynchronous digital data signals presented by data terminal or data communication equipments to a voice switching network such as a PBX advantageously without the use of modems. The clock rate of the PBX user's digital data is multiplied by a variable factor to define a synchronous transmission clock rate on a data link between a pair of interfaces, one locally connecting to the data terminal or data communications equipment and the other appearing as a port of the PBX switching equipment. The higher rate on the data link permits both the digital data as well as a control channel to be provided. Variations in the data terminal or data communications equipment clock rate do not affect the control channel. Variations in the voice sampling rate of switching modules serving different groups of ports through which the digital data is transported are accommodated.
摘要翻译： 用于便于将数据终端或数据通信设备提供的同步和异步数字数据信号传输和切换到诸如PBX之类的话音交换网络的装置，而不使用调制解调器。 PBX用户的数字数据的时钟频率乘以可变因子，以在一对接口之间的数据链路上定义同步传输时钟速率，一个本地连接到数据终端或数据通信设备，另一个显示为端口 的PBX交换设备。 数据链路上的较高速率允许提供数字数据以及控制信道。 数据终端或数据通信设备时钟频率的变化不影响控制信道。 适应传送数字数据的不同端口组的交换模块语音采样率的变化。
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公开(公告)号：US07180869B2
公开(公告)日：2007-02-20
申请号：US09943283
申请日：2001-08-30
申请人： Douglas A. Spencer
发明人： Douglas A. Spencer
CPC分类号： H04Q3/625 , H04Q3/0016 , H04Q2213/1319 , H04Q2213/1322
摘要： Providing a systematic and comprehensive mechanism for applying echo cancellation within a telecommunication switching system by a local switching system such as a PBX. Echo cancellation circuits are deployed throughout the telecommunication switching system using different types of echo cancellation circuits with each type having different capabilities with respect to a time offset of an echo return signal relative to when an voice signal was generated by a talker. The echo cancellation circuits deployed within the local telecommunication switch are an integral part of trunk circuits and provide the largest time offset. Further, the echo cancellation circuits deployed within in the local telecommunication switch are capable of controlling echoes in either direction with respect to the integral trunk circuit and may be used as service circuits if not needed by the integral trunk circuit. A systematic and comprehensive mechanism further comprises terminating echoes at the edges of networks having long transmission delays such as a wide area network (WAN) comprising a combination of ATM and/or IP switching networks. The mechanism enables uniformity in policing echoes at the “near end” at the appropriate points in the PBX network or in a network of PBX's.
摘要翻译： 提供系统和全面的机制，通过本地交换系统（如PBX）在电信交换系统内应用回声消除。 使用不同类型的回波消除电路来部署整个电信交换系统的回波消除电路，每个回声消除电路相对于回声返回信号的时间偏移具有不同的功能，相对于讲话者产生语音信号时。 部署在本地电信交换机内的回波消除电路是中继电路的组成部分，并提供最大的时间偏移。 此外，部署在本地通信交换机内的回波消除电路能够相对于整体中继线电路在任一方向上控制回波，并且如果整体中继线路不需要则可以用作服务电路。 系统和全面的机制还包括在具有长传输延迟的网络的边缘处终止回波，例如包括ATM和/或IP交换网络的组合的广域网（WAN）。 该机制使得在PBX网络或PBX网络中的适当点处的“近端”处的监管回波的均匀性。
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