Abstract:
A method for manufacturing a novel display apparatus is provided. The method includes a first step of forming a first electrode, a second electrode, and a first gap over an insulating film, a second step of forming a first film over the second electrode; a third step of forming a first layer overlapping with the first electrode, a fourth step of removing the first film by an etching method to form a first unit overlapping with the first electrode, a fifth step of removing a surface of the second electrode, a sixth step of forming a second film over the first layer and the second electrode, a seventh step of forming a second layer overlapping with the second electrode, and an eighth step of removing the second film by an etching method using the second layer to form a second unit overlapping with the second electrode and a second gap.
Abstract:
A display apparatus-including a first pixel, a second pixel adjacent to the first pixel, a first insulating layer, and a second insulating layer over the first insulating layer is provided. The first pixel includes a first pixel electrode, a first EL layer covering the first pixel electrode, a third insulating layer over the first EL layer, and a common electrode over the first EL layer. The common electrode is in contact with part of the top surface of the first EL layer. The first EL layer contains a first organic compound. The amount of an organic compound that includes an oxide of the first organic compound or a partial structure of the first organic compound and is contained in the first EL layer is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1/10 of an amount of the first organic compound contained in the first EL layer.
Abstract:
A dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline derivative in which impurities are reduced and a novel method of synthesizing the dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline derivative in which impurities are reduced are provided. In addition, a light-emitting element, a light-emitting device, an electronic appliance, or a lighting device with high emission efficiency and high reliability in which the dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline derivative is used as an EL material is provided. In the synthesis method, a 2-(chloroaryl)dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline derivative is used as a synthetic intermediate in a synthetic pathway so that an impurity contained in a final product can be removed easily by purification by sublimation.
Abstract:
A light-emitting device with high efficiency and high reliability. The light-emitting device includes an organic compound layer between a first electrode and a second electrode. The organic compound layer includes a first light-emitting unit, a second light-emitting unit, and an intermediate layer. The intermediate layer is positioned between the first light-emitting unit and the second light-emitting unit. The intermediate layer includes an organic compound. A peak current of electron oxidation is detected and a peak current of electron reduction is not detected in the case where the organic compound is measured by CV at a scan rate greater than or equal to 1 V/s and less than or equal to 100 V/s.
Abstract:
To provide a novel light-emitting element or a highly reliable light-emitting element. To provide a light-emitting device, a display device, an electronic device, and a lighting device each of which can be manufactured at a low cost. To provide a light-emitting element including an anode, a cathode, and an EL layer between the anode and the cathode. The EL layer includes a light-emitting layer and an electron injection transport layer between the light-emitting layer and the cathode, and the amount of a halogen detected from a material forming the electron injection transport layer is less than or equal to 30 ppm.
Abstract:
A method for removing oxygen from an oxygen adduct of anthracene, which is generated by irradiation with ultraviolet rays, is provided. Alternatively a method for manufacturing an electronic device or a display device with favorable reliability is provided. A method for manufacturing an electronic device, including a step of irradiating a layer including an organic compound including an anthracene structure with ultraviolet rays at an energy density higher than or equal to 1 mJ/cm2 and lower than or equal to 1000 mJ/cm2 in an atmosphere where oxygen exists and a step of performing heating at a temperature higher than or equal to 80° C. in an atmosphere with an oxygen concentration lower than or equal to 300 ppm is provided.
Abstract:
A novel light-emitting element or a highly reliable light-emitting element is provided. The light-emitting element includes an anode, a cathode, and an EL layer between the anode and the cathode. The EL layer includes at least a light-emitting layer. The light-emitting layer includes at least a first organic compound and a second organic compound. The energy for liberating halogen from a halogen-substituted product of the first organic compound in a radical anion state and in a triplet excited state is less than or equal to 1.00 eV. The amount of halogen-substituted product in the second organic compound is not increased with an increase in driving time of the light-emitting element.
Abstract:
A novel light-emitting element or a highly reliable light-emitting element is provided. The light-emitting element includes an anode, a cathode, and an EL layer between the anode and the cathode. The EL layer includes at least a light-emitting layer. The light-emitting layer includes at least a first organic compound and a second organic compound. The energy for liberating halogen from a halogen-substituted product of the first organic compound in a radical anion state and in a triplet excited state is less than or equal to 1.00 eV. The amount of halogen-substituted product in the second organic compound is not increased with an increase in driving time of the light-emitting element.