Abstract:
A memory system includes a memory controller and a memory device. The memory device includes a first converter and a first power controller. The memory device is connected to the memory controller through a channel including at least one optical signal line. The first converter converts between at least one optical signal of the at least one optical signal line and at least one internal electrical signal of the memory device. The first power controller controls power consumption of the first converter based on an operating state of the memory device.
Abstract:
An integrated circuit device includes a plurality of device layers disposed on a substrate. A first one of the device layers includes at least one photo device and/or at least one electronic device and a second one of the device layers includes at least one photo device overlying the at least one photo device and/or the at least one electronic device of the first one of the device layers.
Abstract:
Memory devices and/or methods of storing memory data bits are provided. A memory device includes a multi-level cell (MLC) array including a plurality of MLCs, an error correction unit configured to encode data to be recorded in an MLC, where the encoded data is converted to convert the encoded data into a codeword, an error pattern analysis unit configured to analyze a first data pattern included in the codeword corresponding to an error pattern included in the codeword and a data conversion unit configured to convert the analyzed first data pattern into a second data pattern. According to the above memory devices and/or methods, it is possible to efficiently reduce a data error that occurs when the data is stored for a relatively long period of time, thereby improving reliability.