摘要:
A solid oxide fuel cell comprising an electrically conducting electrode-support substrate, an inner electrode layer, a solid electrolyte layer, an outer electrode layer and an interconnector, wherein said electrode-support substrate includes a flat plate having two flat surfaces which are in parallel with each other and forming a plurality of gas flow passages therein, and curved portions located at both ends of said flat plate, and said outer electrode layer is laminated on the solid electrolyte layer so as to be opposed to the other surface of said flat plate where the interconnector is not provided but so as not to be opposed to said curved portions. The solid oxide fuel cell features a small voltage drop, an increased output density, and is easily produced exhibiting stable characteristics.
摘要:
A fuel cell comprising a gas-permeable and electrically conducting support substrate having a fuel gas passage formed therein; a fuel-electrode layer formed on said substrate; a solid electrolytic layer formed on said support substrate so as to cover said fuel-electrode layer and containing ZrO2 in which rare earth elements are existing in the form of solid solutions; and an oxygen-electrode provided on the solid electrolytic layer so as to face said fuel-electrode layer; wherein said support substrate is formed of a metal of the iron family and/or an oxide of a metal of the iron family, and a rare-earth oxide containing at least one kind of element selected from the group consisting of Y, Lu, Yb, Tm, Er, Ho, Dy, Gd, Sm and Pr. The invention brings a coefficient of thermal expansion of the support substrate close to that of the solid electrolytic layer, and prevents a reduction in the performance of the solid electrolyte caused by the diffusion of elements from the support substrate.
摘要翻译:一种燃料电池,包括具有形成在其中的燃料气体通道的透气且导电的支撑基板; 形成在所述基板上的燃料电极层; 形成在所述支撑基板上的固体电解质层,以便覆盖所述燃料电极层并且含有稀土元素以固溶体的形式存在的ZrO 2 N 2; 以及设置在所述固体电解质层上以与所述燃料电极层相对的氧电极; 其特征在于,所述支撑基板由铁族的金属和/或所述铁族的金属的氧化物形成,并且含有选自Y,Lu,Yb中的至少一种元素的稀土氧化物 ,Tm,Er,Ho,Dy,Gd,Sm和Pr。 本发明使支撑基板的热膨胀系数接近固体电解质层的热膨胀系数,并且防止由于元件从支撑基板的扩散而导致的固体电解质性能的降低。
摘要:
The present invention is an electrically conducting ceramic having improved electrical conductivity which comprises a perovskite-type composite oxide of a composition represented by the following formula(La.sub.1-x-y A.sub.x B.sub.y).sub.z (Mn.sub.1-u C.sub.u).sub.v O.sub..delta.wherein A represents at least one type of atom selected from the group consisting of Sc, Y, Nd, Yb, Er, Gd, Sm and Dy, B represents at least one type of atom selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr and Ca, and C represents at least one type of atom selected from the group consisting of Co, Fe, Ni, Ce, Zr, Mg, Al, Sb and Cr, and x, y, z, u, v and .delta. are the numbers that satisfy the following formulas:0.02.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.5,0.1.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.6,0.90.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.1.05,0.ltoreq.u.ltoreq.0.5,v=1.0, and at a temperature of 1000.degree. C. in the open air,2.97.ltoreq..delta..ltoreq.3.04.A tubular-type fuel cell containing an electroconductive ceramic in accordance with this invention as an air electrode does not deform during operation for long period of time and yields a stabilized output and a planar type fuel cell which is free from peeling of air electrodes or does not decrease its output by the deformation of the cell.
摘要:
In a method of and apparatus for synthetic testing of a multi-break circuit breaker having a metallic tank and a series connection of interrupter units, and a non-grounded and a grounded lead conductors connected to the first and the second ends of the series connection, a short-circuit current is made to flow through the series connection, the circuit breaker is then operated, and upon completion of the interruption of the current, a first transient recovery voltage is supplied to the non-grounded lead conductor and is applied, in effect, across a first one of the interrupter units at the second end or across a train of interrupter units including said first one of the interrupter unit, and, simultaneously, a second transient recovery voltage is supplied to the tank, the first and the second transient recovery voltages having the same polarity and the second transient recovery voltage having substantially the same magnitude as the whole transient recovery voltage to be applied across all the interrupter units of the circuit breaker.
摘要:
An aqueous composition containing a single compound of a ferrosoferric salt as the active ingredient. The composition has many uses, including use as a rust preventative.
摘要:
An autobicycle is reversely driven by the driving force of a dedicated reverse driving motor so arranged as to be selectively drivingly connected or disconnected to the rear wheel of the vehicle. The arrangement is particularly adapted for retrofit on existing autobicycles equipped for only powered movement in the forward direction.
摘要:
An electrode support for fuel cells, the electrode support being made of a porous material having a Ni phase of Ni or NiO and an inorganic skeletal material phase, wherein an oxidation/reduction expansion-suppressing metal M of at least one selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co and Mn is solidly dissolved in the Ni phase or is biasedly distributed on the grain boundaries between the Ni phase and the inorganic skeletal material phase. The electrode support has its volume very little expanded or contracted even in an environment in which it is exposed to the reducing atmosphere and the oxidizing atmosphere alternately. The fuel cell having the fuel electrode, electrolyte layer and oxygen electrode formed on the electrode support effectively prevents the occurrence of cracks or exfoliation caused by expansion and the like when the reduction/oxidation cycle is repeated accompanying the generation of electricity and stop of generation, and maintains reliability very excellently over extended periods of time.
摘要:
Electrically conducting ceramics having, as a chief crystalline phase, a perovskite crystalline phase containing La, Cr and Mg and further having, in addition to the chief crystalline phase, an oxide phase containing La, wherein when the atomic ratios among the rare earth element, Mg and Cr in said chief crystalline phase are represented by the following formula, R:Mg:Cr=x:y:z wherein R denotes rare earth elements at least part of which being La, the atomic ratios among the rare earth element, Mg and Cr contained in the whole ceramics are represented by the following formula, R:Mg:Cr=(x+u):(y+v):z wherein R, x to z are as defined above, and u and v are the numbers satisfying the following formulas, 0.0001.ltoreq.u/(x+y+z).ltoreq.0.20, 0.01.ltoreq.(y+v)/(x+y+z).ltoreq.0.60, and 0.ltoreq.v. The ceramics is dense, exhibits excellent sintering property at low temperatures, has high electric conductivity, and remains stable in a reducing atmosphere.
摘要翻译:作为主要结晶相的导电陶瓷具有包含La,Cr和Mg的钙钛矿结晶相,并且除主要结晶相外,还含有含有La的氧化物相,其中当稀土元素, 所述主结晶相中的Mg和Cr由下式表示:R:Mg:Cr = x:y:z其中,R表示至少部分为La的稀土元素,稀土元素,Mg 包含在整个陶瓷中的Cr由下式表示:R:Mg:Cr =(x + u):(y + v):z其中R,x至z如上所定义,u和v是 满足以下公式的数字:0.0001 = u /(x + y + z) = 0.20,0.01(其中,y + v)/(x + y + z)≤0.60, = v。 陶瓷致密,在低温下表现出优异的烧结性能,导电性高,在还原气氛中保持稳定。
摘要:
A controlling device for controlling the transmission ratio of a non-stage transmission in a vehicle. The transmission ratio is controlled according to a forecast output power of the vehicle. The output power is forecast based on an operating condition of the vehicle, such as atmospheric pressure. The control considers various operating parameters. A comparison of a predetermined ratio of increase of engine speed or throttle opening with actual ratios of increase of engine speed or throttle opening may be made in controlling the transmission ratio. An uneven road surface is detected and a transmission ratio of the transmission is controlled accordingly to substantially eliminate hunting. An engine speed is controlled so that the engine speed may not exceed a predetermined rotational speed when the transmission gear ratio is fixed. A target engine speed or target transmission ratio is corrected in response to an output signal of a comparison device which compares an actual vehicle velocity with a set vehicle velocity during automatic fixed vehicle velocity running.