公开(公告)号：US08649810B2

公开(公告)日：2014-02-11

申请号：US12446485

申请日：2009-04-21

Applicant: Stanley Reinhold ,  Xiao-An Wang

Inventor： Stanley Reinhold ,  Xiao-An Wang

IPC: H04W4/00

CPC classification number: H04W68/00 ,  H04L51/24 ,  H04M1/72552 ,  H04W4/14 ,  H04W52/0229 ,  Y02D70/00

Abstract: A wireless telecommunication device conducts base station pages at large intervals, such as 30 seconds, rather than the more conventional 0.5 to 4 seconds. The network processes calls placed to that telecommunication device in accordance with an SMS (Short Messaging Service) type protocol rather than a conventional voice call protocol. Particularly, the network sends an SMS to the telephone indicating that a third party is calling (hereinafter termed a “pre-call SMS”). The pre-call SMS indicates the telephone number of the third party. The user of the telephone may call the third party back. In accordance with this protocol, the need to page at very short intervals so as to permit a telephone call to be established in “real-time” is eliminated. Therefore, the paging interval can be increased substantially, thereby substantially prolonging battery charge lifetime of the telephone. In accordance with another aspect of the invention, when a cellular telephone sends a pre-call SMS, it temporarily decreases its paging interval to a more conventional interval such as 0.5 seconds for a predetermined period of time (e.g., 1-5 minutes) after placing a call so that, if the called party returns the call, the calling party will receive the return call in real-time and be able to answer the incoming call and establish a voice call.

Abstract translation: 无线电信设备以大的时间间隔进行基站页面，例如30秒，而不是更常规的0.5至4秒。 网络根据SMS（短消息服务）类型协议而不是传统语音呼叫协议来处理对该电信设备的呼叫。 特别地，网络向电话发送指示第三方正在呼叫的SMS（以下称为“预呼叫SMS”）。 预通话短信表示第三方的电话号码。 电话的用户可以将第三方呼叫回来。 根据该协议，消除了以非常短的间隔寻呼以便允许以“实时”建立电话呼叫的需要。 因此，可以大幅度地提高寻呼间隔，从而大大延长电话的电池充电寿命。 根据本发明的另一方面，当蜂窝电话发送预呼叫SMS时，它将其寻呼间隔临时减小到更常规的时间间隔，例如0.5秒，预定时间段（例如，1-5分钟）之后 拨打电话，如果被叫方返回呼叫，主叫方将实时接收返回呼叫，并能够接听来电并建立语音电话。

公开(公告)号：US20110124352A1

公开(公告)日：2011-05-26

申请号：US12446485

申请日：2009-04-21

Applicant: Stanley Reinhold ,  Xiao-An Wang

Inventor： Stanley Reinhold ,  Xiao-An Wang

IPC: H04W68/00 ,  H04W4/12 ,  H04W52/02

CPC classification number: H04W68/00 ,  H04L51/24 ,  H04M1/72552 ,  H04W4/14 ,  H04W52/0229 ,  Y02D70/00

Abstract: A wireless telecommunication device conducts base station pages at large intervals, such as 30 seconds, rather than the more conventional 0.5 to 4 seconds. The network processes calls placed to that telecommunication device in accordance with an SMS (Short Messaging Service) type protocol rather than a conventional voice call protocol. Particularly, the network sends an SMS to the telephone indicating that a third party is calling (hereinafter termed a “pre-call SMS”). The pre-call SMS indicates the telephone number of the third party. The user of the telephone may call the third party back. In accordance with this protocol, the need to page at very short intervals so as to permit a telephone call to be established in “real-time” is eliminated. Therefore, the paging interval can be increased substantially, thereby substantially prolonging battery charge lifetime of the telephone. In accordance with another aspect of the invention, when a cellular telephone sends a pre-call SMS, it temporarily decreases its paging interval to a more conventional interval such as 0.5 seconds for a predetermined period of time (e.g., 1-5 minutes) after placing a call so that, if the called party returns the call, the calling party will receive the return call in real-time and be able to answer the incoming call and establish a voice call.

Abstract translation: 无线电信设备以大的时间间隔进行基站页面，例如30秒，而不是更常规的0.5至4秒。 网络根据SMS（短消息服务）类型协议而不是传统语音呼叫协议来处理对该电信设备的呼叫。 特别地，网络向电话发送指示第三方正在呼叫的SMS（以下称为“预呼叫SMS”）。 预通话短信表示第三方的电话号码。 电话的用户可以将第三方呼叫回来。 根据该协议，消除了以非常短的间隔寻呼以便允许以“实时”建立电话呼叫的需要。 因此，可以大幅度地提高寻呼间隔，从而大大延长电话的电池充电寿命。 根据本发明的另一方面，当蜂窝电话发送预呼叫SMS时，它将其寻呼间隔临时减小到更常规的时间间隔，例如0.5秒，预定时间段（例如，1-5分钟）之后 拨打电话，如果被叫方返回呼叫，主叫方将实时接收返回呼叫，并能够接听来电并建立语音电话。

公开(公告)号：US20100184420A1

公开(公告)日：2010-07-22

申请号：US12446478

申请日：2006-11-29

Applicant: Stanley Reinhold ,  Xiao-An Wang

Inventor： Stanley Reinhold ,  Xiao-An Wang

IPC: H04M3/00

CPC classification number: H04W60/04 ,  H04W4/024 ,  Y02D70/164

Abstract: A telecommunication device is equipped with circuitry that can detect phenomena indicative or predictive of motion of the telecommunications device, such as GPS circuitry. When the circuitry determines that the telecommunication device is stationary, it controls the device to perform neighboring cell polling at relatively large intervals or not at all. However, when the circuitry determines that the telecommunication device is moving, it controls the device to poll neighboring cells more frequently.

Abstract translation: 电信设备配备有可以检测指示或预测诸如GPS电路的电信设备的运动的现象的电路。 当电路确定电信设备是静止的时，它控制设备以相当大的间隔执行相邻小区轮询，或者根本不执行相邻小区轮询。 然而，当电路确定电信设备正在移动时，它控制设备更频繁地轮询相邻小区。

公开(公告)号：US06614858B1

公开(公告)日：2003-09-02

申请号：US09506019

申请日：2000-02-17

Applicant: Steven P. Pekarich ,  Xiao-An Wang

Inventor： Steven P. Pekarich ,  Xiao-An Wang

IPC: H03D100

CPC classification number: H04L1/005 ,  H03M13/2957 ,  H03M13/6591 ,  H04L1/006

Abstract: An iterative decoder limits the range of extrinsic information used for iterative decoding of an encoded frame of data. The iterative decoder includes two or more separate decoders for decoding a received encoded frame of data. Each decoder employs extrinsic information generated from the soft data generated by another decoder decoding the encoded frame of data. The extrinsic information includes an approximate measure of the probability that a particular transmitted bit received by the iterative decoder is a logic 0 or logic 1. The extrinsic information for the bit originates with one decoder and is used by another decoder as external information about that bit. Implementations of the iterative decoder use saturation values to define the boundaries of the range. The saturation values are selected such that either no or relatively small degradation in BER occurs, and the saturation values also define the width of the binary representation of the extrinsic information.

Abstract translation: 迭代解码器限制用于编码数据帧的迭代解码的外在信息的范围。 迭代解码器包括用于对接收到的编码数据帧进行解码的两个或多个单独的解码器。 每个解码器使用由另一解码器产生的软数据产生的外部信息，对编码的数据帧进行解码。 外在信息包括由迭代解码器接收到的特定发送位为逻辑0或逻辑1的概率的近似度量。位的外部信息源于一个解码器，并由另一个解码器用作关于该位的外部信息 。 迭代解码器的实现使用饱和值来定义范围的边界。 饱和度值被选择为使得BER中没有或相对较小的劣化发生，并且饱和度值也定义了外在信息的二进制表示的宽度。

公开(公告)号：US06611494B1

公开(公告)日：2003-08-26

申请号：US09314834

申请日：1999-05-19

Applicant: Sameer V. Ovalekar ,  Xiao-An Wang

Inventor： Sameer V. Ovalekar ,  Xiao-An Wang

IPC: H04J1100

CPC classification number: H04J13/004 ,  H04J13/12

Abstract: A set of orthogonal sequences (e.g., Hadamard sequences) is decomposed into a set of basis vectors and sets of coefficients, where each set of coefficients represents a particular “vector combination” of the basis vectors that forms one of the orthogonal sequences. Such decomposition of orthogonal sequences into basis vectors and sets of coefficients may allow for a reduction in memory space and/or processing required to generate one or more of the orthogonal sequences during real-time operations of a communications system, such as an IS-95 CDMA system, that employs the orthogonal sequences. In one embodiment, a Hadamard sequence generator includes a controller, a memory, and a combiner. The set of basis vectors are stored in the memory, and each of the Hadamard sequences has a corresponding set of coefficients from which the Hadamard sequence can be derived as a vector combination of the basis vectors. These coefficients are either also stored in memory, or known to the controller based on a relationship between the coefficients and the row number of the Hadamard sequence in a corresponding Walsh-Hadamard matrix. To generate a particular sequence, the controller determines the corresponding set of coefficients and causes the basis vectors to be provided to the combiner. Based on the set of coefficients, the combiner combines the elements of specific basis vectors using modulo-2 addition to generate the desired Hadamard sequence.

Abstract translation: 一组正交序列（例如，Hadamard序列）被分解成一组基本向量和系数集合，其中每组系数表示形成正交序列之一的基本向量的特定“向量组合”。 将正交序列分解为基本向量和系数集合可以允许在通信系统（例如IS-95）的实时操作期间减少在生成一个或多个正交序列所需的存储器空间和/或处理 CDMA系统，采用正交序列。 在一个实施例中，哈达玛序列发生器包括控制器，存储器和组合器。 基矢量的集合被存储在存储器中，并且每个Hadamard序列具有相应的系数集合，可以从其中导出Hadamard序列作为基本向量的向量组合。 这些系数也存储在存储器中，或者基于对应的沃尔什 - 哈达玛矩阵中的系数与Hadamard序列的行号之间的关系而被控制器所知。 为了产生特定的序列，控制器确定相应的系数集合，并且使得向组合器提供基本向量。 基于该组系数，组合器使用模2加法组合特定基向量的元素以产生期望的Hadamard序列。

公开(公告)号：US06639955B1

公开(公告)日：2003-10-28

申请号：US09376852

申请日：1999-08-18

Applicant: Xiao-An Wang

Inventor： Xiao-An Wang

IPC: H03D104

CPC classification number: H04B17/3911

Abstract: A system employs a modified Jakes' fading model to generate a fading signal having substantially equivalent autocorrelation values for in-phase (I) and quadrature-phase (Q) components. A Walsh transform may be applied to generate multiple, uncorrelated I and Q components, for multiple fading signals. A complex Rayleigh fading signal according to the modified complex Jakes fading model is provided by a generator having M pairs of I and Q paths. Each pair of I and Q paths includes a corresponding complex carrier generator 201 (M an integer and 1≦n≦M) generating a complex carrier signal with frequency, &ohgr;n, where &ohgr;n is cos ((4n−3&pgr;)/4M). Each of the I paths has a circuit that separates the real component of the corresponding carrier signal to provide a real carrier signal cos (&ohgr;nt). Similarly, each of the Q paths has a circuit that separates the imaginary component of the corresponding complex carrier signal to provide an imaginary carrier signal sin (&ohgr;nt). The M output signals of the circuits for the I-paths may be summed in a corresponding adder to provide in-phase component rI(t) of the fading signal r(t). Similarly, the M output signals of the circuits for the Q-paths may be summed in a corresponding adder to provide the quadrature component rQ(t) of the fading signal r(t).

Abstract translation: 系统采用经修改的Jakes衰落模型来产生具有基本等效的自相关值的衰落信号，用于同相（I）和正交相（Q）分量。 对于多个衰落信号，可以应用沃尔什变换来产生多个不相关的I和Q分量。 根据经修改的复合抖动衰落模型的复数瑞利衰落信号由具有M对I和Q路径的发生器提供。 每对I和Q路径包括产生频率ωgan的复数载波信号的对应的复数载波发生器201（M为整数，1≤n≤M），其中ω为cos（（4n-3pi）/ 4M） 。 I路径中的每一个具有分离相应载波信号的实部分量以提供实际载波信号cos（ω）的电路。 类似地，Q路径中的每一个具有分离对应的复载波信号的虚分量以提供假载波信号sin（ω）的电路。 用于I-path的电路的M个输出信号可以在相应的加法器中相加，以提供衰落信号r（t）的同相分量rI（t）。 类似地，用于Q路径的电路的M个输出信号可以在相应的加法器中相加，以提供衰落信号r（t）的正交分量rQ（t）。

公开(公告)号：US06633615B1

公开(公告)日：2003-10-14

申请号：US09495161

申请日：2000-01-31

Applicant: Steven P. Pekarich ,  Xiao-An Wang

Inventor： Steven P. Pekarich ,  Xiao-An Wang

IPC: H04L512

CPC classification number: H04L1/006 ,  H03M13/41 ,  H03M13/6343 ,  H03M13/6502 ,  H03M13/6583 ,  H04L1/0054

Abstract: A circuit performs threshold normalization of accumulated transition probabilities for a given state of a state transition trellis in a maximum likelihood detector. Threshold normalization may be accomplished by comparison and setting of a single bit in stored transition probabilities. Threshold value comparison may be accomplished by comparing the bth bit of the stored transition probabilities if the threshold value is 2b. When all transition probabilities exceed the threshold value at a stage of the trellis, the transition probabilities are scaled, such as by subtracting the threshold value. Scaling may be implemented by setting the compared bth bits to zero before storage. In general, since accumulated transition probabilities are monotonically increasing for transition probabilities of paths through the trellis in both forward and reverse directions, the present invention may be employed for both threshold normalization of both the forward (&agr;) and reverse (&bgr;) transition probabilities.

Abstract translation: 电路对最大似然检测器中状态转移网格的给定状态的累积转移概率进行阈值归一化。 阈值归一化可以通过比较和设置存储的转移概率中的单个比特来实现。 如果阈值为 2 b，则可以通过比较存储的转移概率的b 位来实现阈值比较。 当所有转移概率在网格的阶段超过阈值时，转换概率被缩放，例如通过减去阈值。 可以通过将存储之前将比较的b 位设置为零来实现缩放。 一般来说，由于累积的转移概率对于沿正向和反向方向通过网格的路径的转移概率单调增加，所以本发明可用于正向（α）和反向（β）转移概率两者的阈值归一化。

公开(公告)号：US06567466B1

公开(公告)日：2003-05-20

申请号：US09250744

申请日：1999-02-16

Applicant: Sameer V. Ovalekar ,  Xiao-An Wang

Inventor： Sameer V. Ovalekar ,  Xiao-An Wang

IPC: H04B1700

CPC classification number: H04L25/0262 ,  H04B1/707 ,  H04B2201/70705

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for determining the data rate of a received signal in a communication system utilizing code division multiple access (CDMA) techniques. The well-known Viterbi decoding-based rate detection approach is combined with the conventional repetition pattern-based rate detection approach. The hybrid approach possesses the advantages of both prior approaches, without their disadvantages. The computationally efficient repetition pattern-based data rate detection approach, while not as reliable as the Viterbi decoder-based data rate detection approach, provides reliable data rate detection most of the time. The repetition-pattern data rate detection approach is used as long as a predefined reliability metric is satisfied, and only uses the more computationally intensive Viterbi decoder-based data rate detection approach when detection reliability may be compromised. Under the hybrid rate detection scheme, a decision variable based on repetition patterns is initially formed and a decision is made on the data rate if the decision variable is in a reliable region. Otherwise, the Viterbi decoding-based rate detection scheme is employed.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于在利用码分多址（CDMA）技术的通信系统中确定接收信号的数据速率的方法和装置。 众所周知的基于维特比解码的速率检测方法与传统的基于重复模式的速率检测方法相结合。 混合方法具有两种现有方法的优点，没有其缺点。 基于计算效率的基于重复模式的数据速率检测方法虽然不如基于维特比解码器的数据速率检测方法那样可靠，但大多数时间提供了可靠的数据速率检测。 只要满足预定的可靠性度量，就使用重复模式数据速率检测方法，并且当检测可靠性可能受到损害时，仅使用基于维特比解码器的数据速率检测方法。 在混合速率检测方案下，最初形成基于重复模式的决策变量，并且如果判决变量在可靠区域中，则决定数据速率。 否则，采用基于维特比解码的速率检测方案。

公开(公告)号：US06526531B1

公开(公告)日：2003-02-25

申请号：US09532637

申请日：2000-03-22

Applicant: Xiao-An Wang

Inventor： Xiao-An Wang

IPC: G06F1100

CPC classification number: H03M13/2975 ,  H03M13/09 ,  H03M13/2957

Abstract: An iterative decoder decodes a frame of encoded data that includes error detection information, and terminates the iterative decoding based on a comparison of the decoded frame with the error detection information. The iterative decoder may have a maximum number of specified iterations, but may terminate the number of iterations early under specified conditions. The encoded data includes error detection information for parity check calculation. Error detection information may be in accordance with an error detection code, such as a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code. After each iteration of decoding, a parity check is calculated for the decoded frame. Early termination of decoding may occur prior to an intermediate iteration threshold M of iterations when the parity check value of the decoded frame is equivalent to the parity check value calculated from the error detection information. Early termination of decoding after M iterations may also occur when a difference in decoding error between frames is either i) below a minimum error distance threshold or ii) no longer monotonically decreasing.

Abstract translation: 迭代解码器解码包括错误检测信息的编码数据帧，并且基于解码帧与错误检测信息的比较来终止迭代解码。 迭代解码器可以具有指定迭代的最大数量，但是可以在特定条件下提前终止迭代次数。 编码数据包括用于奇偶校验计算的错误检测信息。 错误检测信息可以与诸如循环冗余校验（CRC）码之类的错误检测码一致。 在解码的每次迭代之后，针对解码的帧计算奇偶校验。 当解码帧的奇偶校验值等于从错误检测信息计算出的奇偶校验值时，可以在迭代的中间迭代阈值M之前发生解码的提前终止。 当帧之间的解码错误的差异为i）低于最小误差距离阈值或者ii）不再单调递减时，也可能发生M次迭代之后的解码的提前终止。

公开(公告)号：US6002726A

公开(公告)日：1999-12-14

申请号：US975997

申请日：1997-11-21

Applicant: Sivanand Simanapalli ,  Xiao-An Wang

Inventor： Sivanand Simanapalli ,  Xiao-An Wang

IPC: H03D3/00 ,  H04L27/14 ,  H04L27/08 ,  G06F7/52

CPC classification number: H04L27/14 ,  H03D3/007

Abstract: A method of extracting an information bearing signal .omega.(n) from a base-band signal in the form of an inverse function with a digital signal processor. The processor includes memory and utilizes a minimum number of instructions stored in the memory. The base-band waveform comprises a plurality of complex-valued samples having respective I and Q components. The method includes the steps of receiving a first sample at an instant n having respective I(n) and Q(n) components and defining an interval for evaluating potential values for the I(n) and Q(n) components. Next, a step of transforming said I(n) and Q(n) components is performed to have respective threshold values residing in the predefined interval. Then, a step of estimating the transformed components with a series of non-inverted polynomial functions is carried out over the predefined interval. The method proceeds by extracting the information-bearing signal with the digital signal processor according to the instructions to evaluate the series of non-inverted polynomial functions.

Abstract translation: 一种从数字信号处理器的反函数形式的基带信号中提取信息承载信号ω（n）的方法。 处理器包括存储器并利用存储在存储器中的最少数目的指令。 基带波形包括具有相应I和Q分量的多个复值样本。 该方法包括以下步骤：在具有相应的I（n）和Q（n）分量的时刻n接收第一采样，并且定义用于评估I（n）和Q（n）分量的电位值的间隔。 接下来，执行变换所述I（n）和Q（n）分量的步骤以具有驻留在预定间隔中的相应阈值。 然后，在预定义的间隔内执行用一系列非反相多项式函数估计变换分量的步骤。 该方法通过根据指令提取具有数字信号处理器的信息承载信号来评估一系列非反相多项式函数。