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1.发明授权Method and apparatus for electrochemical contaminant removal from liquid media 失效从液体介质中去除电化学污染物的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4123339A
公开(公告)日：1978-10-31
申请号：US547940
申请日：1975-02-07
CPC分类号： C02F1/463 , C02F2001/46128 , C02F2101/22 , C02F2103/023 , C02F2201/4613 , C02F2201/4615
摘要： Contaminating ions are removed from an aqeuous medium, e.g. hexavalent chromium ions from cooling tower waters, by an electrochemical method which includes formation of an insoluble iron compound or complex of the contaminant ion, utilizing an anode of iron, iron alloy or insoluble iron compound. The electrodes are treated with an acid solution at regular intervals to remove any substances formed on or lodged between the electrodes. The electrolytic cell includes a plurality of closely spaced generally parallel plate electrodes with electric potential applied to the two end electrodes, and an electrode near each end electrode is of a size protecting the end electrode from flux field effects.
摘要翻译： 污染的离子从一个平坦的介质，例如， 通过电化学方法，包括使用铁，铁合金或不溶性铁化合物的阳极形成不溶性铁化合物或污染物离子的络合物的六价铬离子。 电极用酸性溶液以规则的间隔处理以去除在电极之间形成的或存在于电极之间的任何物质。 电解槽包括多个紧密分布的大致平行的平板电极，其电位施加到两个端电极，每个端电极附近的电极具有保护端电极免受磁场影响的尺寸。
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2.发明授权Method and apparatus for electrochemical contaminant removal from liquid media 失效从液体介质中去除电化学污染物的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4036726A
公开(公告)日：1977-07-19
申请号：US654563
申请日：1976-02-02
CPC分类号： C02F1/463 , C02F2001/46128 , C02F2101/22 , C02F2103/023 , C02F2201/4613 , C02F2201/4615
摘要： Contaminating ions are removed from an aqueous medium, e.g. hexavalent chromium ions from cooling tower waters, by an electrochemical method which includes formation of an insoluble iron compound or complex of the contaminant ion, utilizing an anode of iron, iron alloy or insoluble iron compound. The electrodes are treated with an acid solution at regular intervals to remove any substances formed on or lodged between the electrodes. The electrolytic cell includes a plurality of closely spaced generally parallel plate electrodes with electric potential applied to the two end electrodes, and an electrode near each end electrode is of a size protecting the end electrode from flux field effects.
摘要翻译： 从水性介质中除去污染的离子，例如。 通过电化学方法，包括使用铁，铁合金或不溶性铁化合物的阳极形成不溶性铁化合物或污染物离子的络合物的六价铬离子。 电极用酸性溶液以规则的间隔处理以去除在电极之间形成的或存在于电极之间的任何物质。 电解槽包括多个紧密分布的大致平行的平板电极，其电位施加到两个端电极，每个端电极附近的电极具有保护端电极免受磁场影响的尺寸。
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公开(公告)号：US4315753A
公开(公告)日：1982-02-16
申请号：US177978
申请日：1980-08-14
CPC分类号： G01N27/4045 , G01N33/0037 , Y10T436/179228
摘要： The gas monitor of the present invention is capable of simultaneously determining the concentrations of two members of a family of oxygen-containing gases present in an air sample. The monitor utilizes a four electrode potentiostat (58, 70, 12, 14) including two indicating electrodes (58, 70) mounting in a single electrochemical cell (8) and immersed in an aqueous electrolyte (10). The air sample containing the two family members is initially passed to the first indicating electrode (58), where electroreduction of the first family member produces a first electrical current directly proportional to the concentration of the first family member in the sample. Thereafter, the gas sample is passed through an oxidizing means (4) interconnected between the two indicating electrodes (58, 70), where all of the second family member is converted into the first family member. Electroreduction of the first family member at the second indicating electrode (70) is then carried out to produce a second electrical current, which second current is electronically processed in analog measurement circuitry (74) to provide an indirect determination of the amount of the second family member present in the sample.
摘要翻译： 本发明的气体监测器能够同时测定存在于空气样品中的含氧气体族的两个成员的浓度。 显示器使用四个电极恒电位仪（58,70,12,14），其包括安装在单个电化学电池（8）中并浸没在电解质（10）中的两个指示电极（58,70）。 包含两个家庭成员的空气样品最初被传递到第一指示电极（58），其中第一家庭成员的电还原产生与样品中第一家庭成员的浓度成正比的第一电流。 此后，气体样品通过互连在两个指示电极（58,70）之间的氧化装置（4），其中所有的第二家庭成员都被转换成第一家庭成员。 然后执行在第二指示电极（70）处的第一族成员的电还原以产生第二电流，该第二电流在模拟测量电路（74）中被电子处理以提供第二族的量的间接确定 成员在样品中。
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公开(公告)号：US4166775A
公开(公告)日：1979-09-04
申请号：US835610
申请日：1977-09-22
CPC分类号： H01M8/04 , G01N27/4045
摘要： An electrochemical detection system is disclosed for measuring the amount of carbon monoxide or similar oxidizable gases present in a gas phase mixture wherein the gas phase mixture is brought into contact with a liquid electrolyte through a gas-permeable measuring electrode. The improved electrode is formed of a porous membrane of chemically-inert non-wettable material, on one side of which a layer of gold is specially deposited for contact with an electrolyte of a substantially pure aqueous solution of perchloric acid. An electrical readout system is connected to the electrode for deriving a signal from the resulting oxidation current, which corresponds to a quantitative measure of the oxidation of the gas at the electrode-electrolyte interface. In addition to the special method for forming the electrode, a method for rejuvenating it after each sample measurement is disclosed wherein the electrode is successively impressed with an oxidizing (anodic) voltage, a reducing (cathodic) voltage and a working or reading voltage in an appropriate time sequence.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于测量气相混合物中存在的一氧化碳或类似可氧化气体的量的电化学检测系统，其中气相混合物通过透气测量电极与液体电解质接触。 改进的电极由化学惰性非可润湿材料的多孔膜形成，其一侧特别沉积金层以与基本上纯的高氯酸水溶液接触。 电读取系统连接到电极，用于从所得到的氧化电流导出信号，这对应于在电极 - 电解质界面处的气体的氧化的定量测量。 除了形成电极的特殊方法之外，公开了一种在每次样品测量之后使其再生的方法，其中电极在氧化（阳极）电压，还原（阴极）电压和工作或读取电压 适当的时间顺序。
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公开(公告)号：US4145282A
公开(公告)日：1979-03-20
申请号：US761685
申请日：1977-01-24
申请人： Stanley Bruckenstein
发明人： Stanley Bruckenstein
CPC分类号： C02F1/583 , C02F1/5236 , C02F1/5245 , C02F1/66 , C02F2101/14 , C02F2209/06 , Y10S210/915
摘要： A process for purifying waste water containing fluoride which comprises precipitating fluoride from the waste water as fluorapatite. Fluoride is removed as fluorapatite by having sufficient available calcium for each mole of fluoride present in the waste water and sufficient available phosphate for each mole of fluoride in the waste water to form a precipitate which is or converts to sufficient fluorapatite to remove essentially all fluoride from the waste water.
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6.发明授权Method and apparatus for compensation of double layer charging current in electrochemical cells 失效用于补偿电化学电池中双层充电电流的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5180968A
公开(公告)日：1993-01-19
申请号：US665607
申请日：1991-03-01
IPC分类号： G01N27/28 , G01N27/416
CPC分类号： G01N27/4163
摘要： A method and apparatus for compensating for charging current at a working electrode of an electrochemical cell. And a method for measuring faradaic current at the working electrode. Includes measuring the current at the working electrode while a time-varying potential difference is applied between the working electrode and a reference electrode. And while the applied potential difference is held constant for a short time and the working electrode current is again measured, where this current is the faradaic current. The faradaic current is then filtered from the total current to determine the charging current thereby compensating for double layer charging current in the cell.
摘要翻译： 一种用于补偿电化学电池工作电极上的充电电流的方法和装置。 以及用于测量工作电极上法拉第电流的方法。 包括测量工作电极处的电流，同时在工作电极和参考电极之间施加时变电位差。 并且施加的电位差在短时间内保持恒定，并且再次测量工作电极电流，其中该电流是法拉第电流。 然后从总电流中滤出法拉第电流以确定充电电流，从而补偿电池中的双层充电电流。
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公开(公告)号：US4323462A
公开(公告)日：1982-04-06
申请号：US173324
申请日：1980-07-24
申请人： Stanley Bruckenstein
发明人： Stanley Bruckenstein
CPC分类号： C02F1/583 , C02F1/5236 , C02F1/66 , C02F2101/14 , C02F2209/06 , Y10S210/915
摘要： A process for purifying water containing fluoride which comprises precipitating fluoride from the water as fluorapatite in the presence of a bed of seeding composition. Fluoride is removed as fluorapatite by having sufficient available calcium for each mole of fluoride present in the water and sufficient available phosphate for each mole of fluoride in the water to form a precipitate which is or converts to sufficient fluorapatite to remove essentially all fluoride from the water.
摘要翻译： 一种用于净化含氟化物的方法，其包括在接种组合物的床存在下从氟中沉淀氟化物作为氟磷灰石。 通过为水中存在的每摩尔氟化物提供足够的可用钙，并且在水中每摩尔氟化物具有足够的可用磷酸盐以形成沉淀物，氟化物作为氟磷灰石除去，以形成或转化为足够的氟磷灰石以从水中除去基本上所有的氟化物 。
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公开(公告)号：US4228400A
公开(公告)日：1980-10-14
申请号：US890951
申请日：1978-03-28
CPC分类号： G01N33/0027 , G01N27/07
摘要： A conductometric gas analysis cell comprised of a porous Teflon membrane supporting interdigited electrodes separates a thin layer of deionized water from a gas phase to be analyzed. Volatile species in the gas phase pass through the membrane and increase the conductance of the water which results in increased current flow between the interdigited electrodes.
摘要翻译： 由支撑交叉电极的多孔聚四氟乙烯薄膜组成的电导气体分析电池从要分析的气相中分离出一层薄薄的去离子水。 气相中的挥发物质通过膜并增加水的电导，导致交叉电极之间的电流增加。
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公开(公告)号：US4226710A
公开(公告)日：1980-10-07
申请号：US11512
申请日：1979-02-12
申请人： Stanley Bruckenstein
发明人： Stanley Bruckenstein
CPC分类号： C02F1/583 , C02F1/5236 , C02F1/66 , C02F2101/14 , C02F2209/06 , Y10S210/915
摘要： A process for purifying water containing fluoride which comprises precipitating fluoride from the water as fluorapatite in the presence of a bed of seeding composition. Fluoride is removed as fluorapatite by having sufficient available calcium for each mole of fluoride present in the water and sufficient available phosphate for each mole of fluoride in the water to form a precipitate which is or converts to sufficient fluorapatite to remove essentially all fluoride from the water.
摘要翻译： 一种用于净化含氟化物的方法，其包括在接种组合物的床存在下从氟中沉淀氟化物作为氟磷灰石。 通过为水中存在的每摩尔氟化物提供足够的可用钙，并且在水中每摩尔氟化物具有足够的可用磷酸盐以形成沉淀物，氟化物作为氟磷灰石除去，以形成或转化为足够的氟磷灰石以从水中除去基本上所有的氟化物 。
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公开(公告)号：US4057478A
公开(公告)日：1977-11-08
申请号：US655575
申请日：1976-02-05
CPC分类号： G01N27/4045
摘要： An electrochemical detection system is disclosed for measuring the amount of carbon monoxide or similar oxidizable gases present in a gas phase mixture wherein the gas phase mixture is brought into contact with a liquid electrolyte through a gas-permeable measuring electrode. The improved electrode is formed of a porous membrane of chemically-inert non-wettable material, on one side of which a layer of gold is specially deposited for contact with an electrolyte of a substantially pure aqueous solution of perchloric acid. An electrical readout system is connected to the electrode for deriving a signal from the resulting oxidation current, which corresponds to a quantitative measure of the oxidation of the gas at the electrode-electrolyte interface. In addition to the special method for forming the electrode, a method for rejuvenating it after each sample measurement is disclosed wherein the electrode is successively impressed with an oxidizing (anodic) voltage, a reducing (cathodic) voltage and a working or reading voltage in an appropriate time sequence.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于测量气相混合物中存在的一氧化碳或类似可氧化气体的量的电化学检测系统，其中气相混合物通过透气测量电极与液体电解质接触。 改进的电极由化学惰性非可润湿材料的多孔膜形成，其一侧特别沉积金层以与基本上纯的高氯酸水溶液接触。 电读取系统连接到电极，用于从所得到的氧化电流导出信号，这对应于在电极 - 电解质界面处的气体的氧化的定量测量。 除了形成电极的特殊方法之外，公开了一种在每次样品测量之后使其再生的方法，其中电极在氧化（阳极）电压，还原（阴极）电压和工作或读取电压 适当的时间顺序。
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