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1.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4231865A
公开(公告)日：1980-11-04
申请号：US64466
申请日：1979-08-07
申请人： Kurt S. Spiegler
发明人： Kurt S. Spiegler
CPC分类号： B01D65/02 , B01D61/10 , B01D71/16 , B01D2321/04 , B01D2321/22
摘要： Improved efficiency of reverse-osmosis and ultrafiltration processes is achieved by backwashing membranes by means of electroosmosis. This is achieved by application of an electric potential across the membrane, thereby causing a backflow of water through the membrane.
摘要翻译： 反渗透和超滤过程的效率提高是通过电渗反渗膜实现的。 这通过在膜上施加电势来实现，从而导致水通过膜的回流。
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公开(公告)号：US4208289A
公开(公告)日：1980-06-17
申请号：US958938
申请日：1978-11-08
申请人： Donald T. Bray
发明人： Donald T. Bray
CPC分类号： B01D61/08 , B01D63/10 , B01D63/16 , B01D2315/04
摘要： A semipermeable membrane cartridge is reciprocated within a pressure resistant vessel to provide improved liquid flow and turbulence over the semipermeable membrane surfaces. The end of the semipermeable membrane cartridge exposed to the pressure of feed liquid introduced into one end of the pressure resistant vessel is adjusted or arranged to be of substantially the same effective cross sectional area as that of the end of the cartridge exposed to the pressure of brine being released from the other end of the pressure resistant vessel. This essentially balances the liquid pressure forces on the ends of the semipermeable membrane cartridge to provide improved conditions for reciprocation.
摘要翻译： 半透膜膜在耐压容器内往复运动，以在半透膜表面上提供改善的液体流动和湍流。 暴露于被引入耐压容器的一端的进料液体的压力的半透膜膜盒的端部被调节或布置成与被暴露于压力的容器的压力的筒的端部基本上相同的有效横截面积 盐水从耐压容器的另一端释放出来。 这基本上平衡半透膜式滤芯的端部上的液体压力，以提供改进的往复运动条件。
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3.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4169029A
公开(公告)日：1979-09-25
申请号：US513132
申请日：1974-10-08
申请人： Oleg V. Smirnov , Vasily G. Kozhemyakin , Valentin I. Barabanov , Ivan S. Lavrov , Reald A. Okunev , Nikolai I. Rukobratsky
发明人： Oleg V. Smirnov , Vasily G. Kozhemyakin , Valentin I. Barabanov , Ivan S. Lavrov , Reald A. Okunev , Nikolai I. Rukobratsky
IPC分类号： B41J13/10 , A61L2/02 , B03C5/02 , C02F1/00 , C02F1/46 , C02F1/461 , C02F1/463 , C02F1/465 , C02B1/82 , B03C5/00
CPC分类号： B03C5/02 , A61L2/02 , C02F1/46104 , C02F1/463 , C02F1/001 , C02F2001/46123 , C02F2001/46152 , C02F2201/4611 , C02F2201/46175 , C02F2303/04
摘要： A method for the electric purification and decontamination of liquids containing suspended and dissolved matter, such as mineral, organic and biological substances, comprises passing a pulsating electric current through a starting liquid, the current having sufficient pulse duration and voltage to cause electric discharge between the electrodes. An apparatus for realizing the method of electric purification and decontamination of liquids comprising a coagulation chamber with at least two rod-type electrodes electrically insulated by means of individual insulators from the housing of the coagulation chamber and mounted together with their insulators to execute reciprocal motion along their longitudinal axes.
摘要翻译： 一种含有矿物，有机和生物物质的悬浮和溶解物质的液体的电净化和去污的方法，包括使脉动电流通过起动液体，所述电流具有足够的脉冲持续时间和电压，从而在 电极。 一种用于实现包括凝固室的液体的电净化和去污的方法的装置，所述凝结室具有通过单独的绝缘体与凝结室的壳体电绝缘的至少两个杆状电极，并与其绝缘体一起安装在一起以执行往复运动 它们的纵轴。
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公开(公告)号：US4160711A
公开(公告)日：1979-07-10
申请号：US782441
申请日：1977-03-29
申请人： Kazuo Nishizawa , Ken Higashitsuji , Yugi Mori
发明人： Kazuo Nishizawa , Ken Higashitsuji , Yugi Mori
IPC分类号： B01D17/06 , C02F1/30 , C02F1/461 , C02F1/463 , C02F1/467 , C25B9/06 , C25B11/02 , C02B1/82 , C02C5/12
CPC分类号： C25B9/06 , B01D17/06 , C02F1/46109 , C25B11/02 , C02F1/30 , C02F1/463 , C02F1/4672 , C02F1/4678 , C02F2001/46128 , C02F2001/46133 , C02F2001/46152 , C02F2101/18 , C02F2101/20 , C02F2201/4611 , C02F2201/4617 , C02F2201/46175
摘要： An assembly of electrodes suitably for use in electrochemical processes, comprising a plurality of elongated conductive elements as electrodes arranged substantially in parallel in a vertical plane and spaced apart from each other. At least one elongated non-conductive element is interposed between every two adjacent conductive elements. Preferably, both the conductive and non-conductive elements are flexible and the assembly comprises a base fabric of non-conductive material and a plurality of conductive elements incorporated in said base fabric.
摘要翻译： 适合用于电化学过程的电极组件，包括多个细长导电元件，作为在垂直平面中基本上平行布置并彼此间隔开的电极。 在每两个相邻的导电元件之间插入至少一个细长非导电元件。 优选地，导电和非导电元件都是柔性的，并且组件包括非导电材料的基底织物和并入所述基底织物中的多个导电元件。
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公开(公告)号：US4119517A
公开(公告)日：1978-10-10
申请号：US804562
申请日：1977-06-08
申请人： Bernd Hengst
发明人： Bernd Hengst
CPC分类号： C02F1/46104 , C02F1/001 , C02F1/4672 , C02F2201/46145 , C02F2201/46165 , C02F2303/04
摘要： The casing of apparatus for purifying water encloses a chamber and is formed with two orifices spaced from the chamber in opposite directions and communicating with the same for gravity flow of the water to be purified from one of the orifices through the chamber and out of the other orifice. Two electrodes spacedly mounted in the chamber for flow of the water therebetween are conductively connected to an electric battery in the casing by circuitry which causes current to flow between the electrodes through the water when the water and the battery satisfy proper conditions for the functioning of the apparatus, such conditions being indicated by a sensible signal. A compartment in the casing, sealed from the electrode chamber, encloses almost all the circuitry.
摘要翻译： 用于净化水的装置的外壳包围一个室，并且形成有两个与该室相反的方向间隔开的孔，并与其相连通，用于从其中一个孔通过室排出的待净化水的重力流。 孔。 间隔地安装在腔室中用于水流的两个电极通过电路与外壳中的电池导电连接，该电路当水和电池满足适当的条件以使电流在电极之间通过水流时， 装置，这样的条件由合理的信号指示。 从电极室密封的壳体中的隔室几乎包围所有的电路。
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公开(公告)号：US4097355A
公开(公告)日：1978-06-27
申请号：US804559
申请日：1977-06-08
申请人： Wolfgang Fischer
发明人： Wolfgang Fischer
CPC分类号： C02F1/46104 , G05F1/561 , C02F1/4672 , C02F2201/46125 , C02F2201/46165 , C02F2303/04
摘要： The electrodes of a water purification cell are immersed in the water to be sterilized. The current through the cell is kept constant by varying the resistance of an emitter-collector circuit of a transistor connected in series with the cell to compensate for changes in the cell's internal resistance. The voltage across the cell is monitored by two threshold circuits to determine if the conductivity of the water is within an allowable conductivity range. If the conductivity falls outside the range, a light-emitting diode is energized. The light-emitting diode is also energized if the voltage of the battery supplying the power for the cell falls below a given value. If no water is present in the supply line to the cell, a switching transistor is blocked, thereby disconnecting most of the equipment from one side of the battery.
摘要翻译： 将水净化单元的电极浸入待灭菌的水中。 通过改变与电池串联连接的晶体管的发射极 - 集电极电路的电阻来补偿电池内部电阻的变化，通过电池的电流保持恒定。 通过两个阈值电路监测电池两端的电压，以确定水的电导率是否在允许的电导率范围内。 如果电导率超出该范围，则发光二极管通电。 如果为电池供电的电池的电压低于给定值，则发光二极管也被通电。 如果电池的电源线中没有水存在，则开关晶体管被阻塞，从而将大部分设备从电池的一侧断开。
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公开(公告)号：US4096067A
公开(公告)日：1978-06-20
申请号：US803646
申请日：1977-06-06
CPC分类号： B01D63/06 , B01D2313/12 , B01D2313/24
摘要： Apparatus is provided for treatment of a fluid by use of a membrane tube wherein a volume displacement rod is positioned longitudinally through the membrane tube to provide desired filtration conditions for removal of a permeate from the fluid, and an improved support arrangement for the rod is provided that eliminates the use of a spider or similar support structure that constitutes a fluid flow obstruction. In the disclosed embodiment, the remote ends of the rod are seated in sockets located in bends in the walls of the inlet and outlet conduits associated with the membrane tube.
摘要翻译： 提供了用于通过使用膜管来处理流体的装置，其中容积位移杆纵向定位穿过膜管以提供用于从流体中去除渗透物的期望的过滤条件，并且提供了用于杆的改进的支撑装置 这消除了构成流体阻塞物的蜘蛛或类似支撑结构的使用。 在所公开的实施例中，杆的远端位于位于与膜管相关联的入口和出口管道的壁中的弯曲部中的插座中。
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公开(公告)号：US4085028A
公开(公告)日：1978-04-18
申请号：US525882
申请日：1974-11-21
申请人： John McCallum
发明人： John McCallum
CPC分类号： C02F1/46109 , C02F1/4674 , C02F2001/46128 , C02F2001/46138 , C02F2103/42 , C02F2201/4611 , C02F2201/4613 , C02F2201/4615 , C02F2201/4617 , C02F2201/4618 , C02F2209/05 , C02F2301/043 , Y02W10/37
摘要： Bipolar cells are designed to permit the introduction of full wave, half wave, or time proportioned, rectified and unfiltered current into a special electrolysis zone which contains coated titanium anodes and steel cathodes with nonconducting baffles which protrude beyond each bipolar electrode in water containing dilute salt solutions. Thereby voltage transformers are eliminated and amperages are very much decreased and easily controlled. For the chlorination of swimming pools, all of the filtered pool water is passed directly through the bipolar electrodes at velocities between 3 and 6 feet per second. This direct liquid flow combined with time proportioned electric current and with iron or stainless steel cathodes prevents the accumulation of precipitates in the cell and permits the control of a wide range of chlorine concentrations while prolonging the life of the coated anodes. Because there is substantially no voltage or current control, shielding strips are required to protect the edges of electrodes from electrochemical corrosion without impeding the flow of water. Also, grounded screens must be placed sufficiently far from the bipolar electrodes at both entrance and exit ends so that voltage gradients between facing positive and negative electrodes in each bipolar cell are substantially greater than voltage gradients between any electrode and the grounding screens. For normal operations and up to 50 percent of the emergency requirements of local health authorities, a half wave rectification is preferred. For emergency superchlorination, full wave rectification is employed. A novel structure for bipolar electrodes is described and used in large and small devices for making hypochlorite solutions.
摘要翻译： 双极电池被设计成允许将全波，半波或时间比例的整流和未滤波的电流引入到包含涂覆的钛阳极的专用电解区和具有非导电挡板的钢阴极，该非导电挡板在含有稀盐的水中突出超过每个双极电极 解决方案 由此，电压互感器被消除，并且安培数大大降低并且易于控制。 对于游泳池的氯化，所有过滤的游泳池水以3至6英尺/秒的速度直接通过双极电极。 这种直接液体流动与时间比例的电流以及铁或不锈钢阴极结合防止沉淀物积聚在电池中，并且允许控制宽范围的氯浓度，同时延长涂覆阳极的寿命。 因为基本上没有电压或电流控制，所以需要屏蔽条来保护电极的边缘免受电化学腐蚀而不会阻碍水的流动。 此外，接地屏幕必须放置在双极电极的入口和出口端足够远的位置，使得每个双极单元中的相对的正极和负极之间的电压梯度基本上大于任何电极和接地屏幕之间的电压梯度。 对于正常运行和高达地方卫生当局50％的应急要求，首选半波整流。 对于紧急超氯化，采用全波整流。 描述了用于双极电极的新颖结构，并用于制造次氯酸盐溶液的大型和小型器件中。
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9.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4066553A
公开(公告)日：1978-01-03
申请号：US622443
申请日：1975-10-14
申请人： Claude Bardonnet , Robert Brun , Michel Pages
发明人： Claude Bardonnet , Robert Brun , Michel Pages
IPC分类号： B01D61/00 , B01D20060101 , B01D53/22 , B01D61/02 , B01D61/08 , B01D61/14 , B01D61/18 , B01D61/24 , B01D63/06 , B01D69/10 , B01F3/04 , C21B7/08 , F28F1/00 , B01D13/00 , C02B1/74 , C02B1/82
CPC分类号： B01D63/065 , B01D2313/14
摘要： Apparatus of all types for the separation of fluids which comprise at least one semi-permeable tubular membrane mounted on a porous support, the membrane being kept out of contact with adjacent parts of the apparatus by at least one thread-like element wound spirally around the membrane.
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10.发明授权Apparatus for destroying microorganisms in an aqueous liquid by electrolytic oxidation 失效用于通过电解氧化破坏含水液体中微生物的装置
公开(公告)号：US4062754A
公开(公告)日：1977-12-13
申请号：US608245
申请日：1975-08-27
申请人： Volker Eibl
发明人： Volker Eibl
CPC分类号： C02F1/4672 , A61L2/035 , C02F1/46109 , C02F2001/46128 , C02F2001/46133 , C02F2201/4611 , C02F2303/04
摘要： The disinfecting effect of electric current passing between a contaminated aqueous liquid and an anode immersed in the liquid is enhanced by providing bipolar electrodes between the directly energized anode and cathode so that the flow channels for the liquid between the electrode faces are limited to a width of 3 mm or less, the auxiliary electrodes being insulated from each other and from the directly energized electrodes and disposed in such a manner that the potential difference between each pair of adjacent electrodes is equal.
摘要翻译： 通过在直接供电的阳极和阴极之间提供双极电极来增强污染的水性液体和浸没在液体中的阳极之间通过的电流的消毒效果，使得电极面之间的液体的流动通道被限制在 3mm以下，辅助电极彼此绝缘并且与直接通电的电极绝缘，并且以这样的方式设置，使得每对相邻电极之间的电位差相等。
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