摘要:
In the oligomerization of olefins in a tubular reactor employing a molecular sieve catalyst, the temperature of the reaction is monitored and the space velocity of the olefin feed to the reactor is reduced as the temperature increases. This has been found to increase catalyst life and lead to extended production runs. Further extensions of the production run are achieved by improving reactor operating stability as the end of the production run approaches.
摘要:
The invention is directed to a method of selectively oligomerizing olefin monomers by controlling feedstock composition and reaction conditions. Reaction conditions are chosen to include at least one of: (a) dimer recycle; (b) staged injection of monomer; and (c) utilization of a two catalyst system.
摘要:
In the oligomerisation of olefins in a tubular reactor employing a molecular sieve catalyst, the temperature of the reaction is monitored and the space velocity of the olefin feed to the reactor is reduced as the temperature increases. This has been found to increase catalyst life and lead to extended production runs. Further extensions of the production run are achieved by improving reactor operating stability as the end of the production run approaches.
摘要:
The invention is directed to a reactor system comprising at least one reactor wherein makeup water for said system is preheated by water/steam exiting said reactor. In a preferred embodiment the system comprises plural reactors and the invention provides for each reactor to independently achieve isothermal operating conditions.
摘要:
An ethylene recycle method may include: obtaining an overheads stream comprising ethylene in a first gaseous state from an ethylene purification column; heating the overheads stream in a first heat exchanger to produce a heated overheads stream comprising the ethylene in a second gaseous state; compressing the heated overheads stream to yield a compressed ethylene stream comprising the ethylene in a first supercritical state; cooling the compressed ethylene stream to produce a cooled, compressed ethylene stream comprising the ethylene in a first liquid state, wherein the cooling comprises passing the compressed ethylene through the first heat exchanger; reducing the pressure of the cooled, compressed ethylene stream to produce a first recycle stream comprising the ethylene in a second liquid state and optionally a third gaseous state; and introducing the first recycle stream into the ethylene purification column.
摘要:
A paired basis swap risk and credit mitigation system and collateral minimization system. In swaps used to hedge forward contracts a system authority interposes itself and forms paired basis swaps with each of the paired swap participants and itself together with a Swaption to allow it to maintain a level book in the event of a default by any counterparty. In the event of a default the system authority has the ability to either terminate a swap and pay the non-defaulting counterparty an agreed upon termination payment, terminate the non-defaulting counterparty's swap and exercise the swaption to substitute a correlated swap with appropriate correlated termination payment; or substitute a new counterparty with an identical swap as the paired swap participant. Paired basis swap control through delivery can be enabled to continue the risk and credit mitigation benefits of the system.
摘要:
A paired basis swap risk and credit mitigation system and collateral minimization system. In swaps used to hedge forward contracts a system authority interposes itself and forms paired basis swaps with each of the paired swap participants and itself together with a Swaption to allow it to maintain a level book in the event of a default by any counterparty. In the event of a default the system authority has the ability to either terminate a swap and pay the non-defaulting counterparty an agreed upon termination payment, terminate the non-defaulting counterparty's swap and exercise the swaption to substitute a correlated swap with appropriate correlated termination payment; or substitute a new counterparty with an identical swap as the paired swap participant. Paired basis swap control through delivery can be enabled to continue the risk and credit mitigation benefits of the system.
摘要:
A paired basis swap risk and credit mitigation system and collateral minimization system. In swaps used to hedge forward contracts a system authority interposes itself and forms paired basis swaps with each of the paired swap participants and itself together with a Swaption to allow it to maintain a level book in the event of a default by any counterparty. In the event of a default the system authority has the ability to either terminate a swap and pay the non-defaulting counterparty an agreed upon termination payment, terminate the non-defaulting counterparty's swap and exercise the swaption to substitute a correlated swap with appropriate correlated termination payment; or substitute a new counterparty with an identical swap as the paired swap participant. Paired basis swap control through delivery can be enabled to continue the risk and credit mitigation benefits of the system.
摘要:
Peptides have been identified that bind with high affinity to dyed hair. Peptide-based hair reagents formed by coupling a dyed-hair-binding peptide to a benefit agent are described. The peptide-based hair reagents include peptide-based hair conditioners and hair colorants. The peptide-based hair conditioners and hair colorants are comprised of a dyed-hair-binding peptide coupled to a hair conditioning agent or a coloring agent, respectively. The peptide-based hair reagents or the dyed-hair-binding peptides may also be used as a protective sealant to improve color retention of dyed hair.
摘要:
Many linear alpha olefin (LAO) syntheses form a range of LAO products when oligomerizing ethylene in the presence of a Ziegler-type catalyst. The range of products typically requires a plurality of distillation columns to separate the LAO products up to a desired carbon count, but such approaches may be energy- and capital-intensive. LAO product separation using at least one dividing wall column may lessen these burdens. Methods for separating LAOs may comprise: providing a pre-processed product stream comprising Cg+ linear alpha olefins (LAOs) to a first of a series of distillation columns, at least one member of the series of distillation columns comprising a dividing wall column; and separating an overhead stream comprising a first LAO from the dividing wall column and one or more side streams from the dividing wall column, each side stream comprising a different LAO that also differs from the first LAO.