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    APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE RETROREFLECTANCE OF MATERIALS
    1.
    发明申请
    APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE RETROREFLECTANCE OF MATERIALS 有权
    用于测量材料回退的装置

    公开(公告)号：US20120287432A1

    公开(公告)日：2012-11-15

    申请号：US13106576

    申请日：2011-05-12

    申请人： Stephen K. Eckhardt ,  Norbert L. Johnson

    发明人： Stephen K. Eckhardt ,  Norbert L. Johnson

    IPC分类号： G01J3/28 ,  G01N21/55

    CPC分类号： G01J3/42 ,  G01J3/0229 ,  G01N21/55 ,  G01N2021/551

    摘要： The present invention comprises various embodiments of a retroreflectometer capable of measuring the retroreflectance of a material. The retroreflectometer comprises an illumination path and a retroreflection path. The illumination path comprises focusing optics, a source aperture, a beamsplitter and a collimating lens. The retroreflection path comprises a focusing lens, a beamsplitter, a receiver aperture and a receiver. The source aperture shapes the transverse profile of the light to make it appropriate to the measurement. Focusing optics, such as a biconvex lens, may be placed between the light source and the source aperture. After the beam is reflected by the object under test, it enters the retroreflection path of the instrument. The focusing lens focuses the light through the beamsplitter and onto the receiver aperture. The receiver aperture may be the input slit for a spectrometer, or there may be optics, such as a lens or an optical fiber, that transfer the light from the aperture to the receiver. A photopically corrected detector, multiple detectors with filters or a spectrometer may be used in various embodiments of the present invention as the receiver.

    摘要翻译： 本发明包括能够测量材料的后向反射率的回射计的各种实施例。 后向反射计包括照明路径和回射路径。 照明路径包括聚焦光学元件，源孔径，分束器和准直透镜。 回射路径包括聚焦透镜，分束器，接收器孔径和接收器。 源孔径使光的横向轮廓成形，使其适合于测量。 可将聚焦光学元件（例如双凸透镜）放置在光源和光源孔之间。 光束被被测物体反射后，进入仪器的回射路径。 聚焦透镜通过分光镜将光线聚焦到接收器孔上。 接收器孔可以是用于光谱仪的输入狭缝，或者可以存在将光从孔转移到接收器的光学器件，例如透镜或光纤。 在本发明的各种实施例中，可以使用光学校正的检测器，具有滤波器或光谱仪的多个检测器作为接收器。

    Compound polarization beam splitters
    2.
    发明授权
    Compound polarization beam splitters 失效
    复合偏振分束器

    公开(公告)号：US06719426B2

    公开(公告)日：2004-04-13

    申请号：US10374221

    申请日：2003-02-25

    申请人： Simon Magarill ,  Charles L. Bruzzone ,  Stephen K. Eckhardt ,  R. Edward English, Jr. ,  E. Gregory Fulkerson ,  Jiaying Ma ,  Todd S. Rutherford

    发明人： Simon Magarill ,  Charles L. Bruzzone ,  Stephen K. Eckhardt ,  R. Edward English, Jr. ,  E. Gregory Fulkerson ,  Jiaying Ma ,  Todd S. Rutherford

    IPC分类号： G03B2128

    CPC分类号： G02B5/3033 ,  G02B5/3058 ,  G02B27/283

    摘要： A compound polarization beam splitter (33) for use with a reflective, polarization-modulating, imaging device (10), e.g., a LCoS device, is provided. The compound PBS has: (a) an input prism (20); (b) an output prism (30), and (c) a polarizer (13), which is located between the two prisms (20,30) and which may be a wire grid polarizer (13a) or a multi-layer reflective polarizer (13b). Polarized illumination light (11) enters the input prism (20) through a first surface (21) and undergoes total internal reflection at a second surface (22) before being reflected from the polarizer (13) and polarization-modulated at the imaging device (10). The polarizer's tilt angle (&bgr;) is less than 45°, which reduces astigmatism and the required back working distance of the system's projection lens (74).

    摘要翻译： 提供了一种与反射式偏振调制的成像装置（10）一起使用的复合偏振分束器（33），例如LCoS装置。 化合物PBS具有：（a）输入棱镜（20）; （b）输出棱镜（30）和（c）位于两个棱镜（20,30）之间并且可以是线栅偏振器（13a）或多层反射偏振器（13a）的偏振器（13） （13b）。 偏振照明光（11）通过第一表面（21）进入输入棱镜（20），并在从偏振器（13）反射之前在第二表面（22）处经受全内反射，并在成像装置 10）。 偏振器的倾斜角（β）小于45°，这减少了散光和系统投影透镜（74）所需的后退距离。

    Fresnel Field Lens
    4.
    发明申请
    Fresnel Field Lens 失效
    菲涅尔场透镜

    公开(公告)号：US20070201148A1

    公开(公告)日：2007-08-30

    申请号：US11611279

    申请日：2006-12-15

    申请人： Stephen K. Eckhardt

    发明人： Stephen K. Eckhardt

    IPC分类号： G02B3/08

    CPC分类号： G02B5/1876 ,  G02B3/08

    摘要： Provided is a Fresnel lens for use with an array of semiconductor pixels that are separated by inactive areas, comprising a faceted surface with a plurality of facets for receiving an imaging beam, the facets being arranged into a plurality of zones separated by zone edges, and wherein the zone edges are generally aligned with the inactive areas throughout the array. Also provided are an optical detector and an imaging system incorporating such a Fresnel lens system.

    摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于与非活动区域分离的半导体像素阵列一起使用的菲涅耳透镜，包括具有用于接收成像光束的多个小面的刻面，所述小面被布置成由区域边缘分离的多个区域，以及 其中区域边缘通常与整个阵列中的无效区域对准。 还提供了一种光学检测器和包含这种菲涅尔透镜系统的成像系统。

    High efficiency polarization converter including input and output lenslet arrays
    5.
    发明授权
    High efficiency polarization converter including input and output lenslet arrays 失效
    高效偏振转换器包括输入和输出小透镜阵列

    公开(公告)号：US6104536A

    公开(公告)日：2000-08-15

    申请号：US156148

    申请日：1998-09-18

    申请人： Stephen K. Eckhardt

    发明人： Stephen K. Eckhardt

    IPC分类号： G02B3/00 ,  G02B5/30 ,  G02B27/28 ,  G02F1/13 ,  G02F1/1335 ,  G03B21/00 ,  G02B27/10

    CPC分类号： G02B3/0056 ,  G02B27/283 ,  G02B27/285 ,  G02B3/0068 ,  G02B5/3025

    摘要： A lenticular polarization converter for polarizing a beam of unpolarized light is described. The polarization converter includes an input lenslet array, a polarizing stack, and an output lenslet array, all arranged sequentially and optically aligned. The input lenslet array has two major surfaces, the first of which has an array of curved surfaces to focus light and the second of which has alternating transmissive and reflective regions. The beam of light is focused by the input lenslets through the transmissive regions onto the polarizing stack. The polarizing stack transmits a first polarization component and reflects a second polarization component towards the reflective regions. The second polarization component is circularly polarized by the polarizing stack and is reflected by the reflective surfaces. The circularly polarized component passes again through the polarizing stack and is linearly polarized, allowing the component to pass through the polarizer. An output lenslet array is used to align the now polarized beam in a desired direction of travel.

    摘要翻译： 描述了用于偏振非偏振光束的双凸透镜偏振转换器。 偏振转换器包括顺序和光学对准的输入小透镜阵列，偏振叠层和输出小透镜阵列。 输入小透镜阵列具有两个主表面，其中第一个具有阵列的弯曲表面以聚焦光，其中第二表面具有交替的透射和反射区域。 光束通过输入小透镜通过透射区域聚焦到偏振叠层上。 偏振叠层透射第一偏振分量并将反射区域的第二偏振分量反射。 第二偏振分量由偏振叠层圆偏振并被反射表面反射。 圆偏振分量再次通过偏振叠层，并被线性偏振，允许组分通过偏振片。 使用输出小透镜阵列将所述偏振光束在期望的行进方向上对准。

    Condensers for illumination systems
    6.
    发明授权
    Condensers for illumination systems 失效
    照明系统用冷凝器

    公开(公告)号：US5515123A

    公开(公告)日：1996-05-07

    申请号：US197613

    申请日：1994-02-17

    申请人： Dwight G. Baldwin ,  Stephen K. Eckhardt

    发明人： Dwight G. Baldwin ,  Stephen K. Eckhardt

    IPC分类号： G02B19/00 ,  G03B21/00 ,  G03B21/132 ,  G03B21/14

    CPC分类号： G03B21/132 ,  G02B19/0014 ,  G02B19/0047

    摘要： A condenser lens for a projection system optimizes the amount of overall brightness directed toward an aperture and the uniformity of illumination at the aperture. The lens, when placed in the projection system, has a marginal ray which starts at the center of the light source, passes through the edge of the condenser lens, and intersects the region to be illuminated at or near its edge. The lens further has a relative zonal ray height which is selected based on the distance from the light source to the aperture. The condensing lens system is particularly useful in the construction of overhead projectors.

    摘要翻译： 用于投影系统的聚光透镜优化了朝向孔径的整体亮度的量和孔径处的照明的均匀性。 当放置在投影系统中时，透镜具有从光源的中心开始的边缘光线，穿过聚光透镜的边缘，并且与其边缘处或附近的被照射区域相交。 透镜还具有基于从光源到光圈的距离来选择的相对区域光线高度。 聚光透镜系统在架空投影机的建造中特别有用。

    Condensers for overhead projectors
    7.
    发明授权
    Condensers for overhead projectors 失效
    架空投影机的冷凝器

    公开(公告)号：US5475535A

    公开(公告)日：1995-12-12

    申请号：US348376

    申请日：1994-12-01

    申请人： Stephen K. Eckhardt

    发明人： Stephen K. Eckhardt

    IPC分类号： G03B21/132 ,  G02B1/00 ,  G02B3/02 ,  G02B3/04 ,  G02B19/00 ,  G02B13/18

    CPC分类号： G02B3/04 ,  G02B19/0028 ,  G02B19/0047 ,  Y10S353/03

    摘要： A family of condenser lenses for an overhead projector (OHP) are designed to balance overall brightness in the projected image versus uniformity of illumination. The lenses are plano-convex and aspheric, and their conic constant is a function of the radius of curvature. The radius of curvature is further selected from a range which depends upon the size of the stage of the OHP. Preferred values of other parameters of the lens and OHP optical system are selected to complement the lens design. The lens is constructed of a heat-resistant material, such as borosilicate, to withstand the high temperatures generated by the incandescent lamp within the OHP base. Condenser lenses which are members of the described family provide performance, in terms of total luminous flux and uniformity of that flux, which is superior to the performance of previous designs.

    摘要翻译： 用于高架投影仪（OHP）的聚光镜系列设计用于平衡投影图像中的总体亮度与照明均匀性。 透镜是平凸的和非球面的，它们的圆锥常数是曲率半径的函数。 曲率半径进一步从取决于OHP的阶段的尺寸的范围中选择。 选择透镜和OHP光学系统的其他参数的优选值以补充透镜设计。 透镜由诸如硼硅酸盐之类的耐热材料构成，以承受由OHP基体内的白炽灯产生的高温。 作为所述系列的成员的冷凝器透镜在总光通量和通量的均匀性方面提供了优于先前设计的性能的性能。

    Condensers for overhead projectors
    8.
    发明授权
    Condensers for overhead projectors 失效

    公开(公告)号：US5400094A

    公开(公告)日：1995-03-21

    申请号：US40483

    申请日：1993-03-31

    申请人： Stephen K. Eckhardt

    发明人： Stephen K. Eckhardt

    IPC分类号： G03B21/132 ,  G02B1/00 ,  G02B3/02 ,  G02B3/04 ,  G02B19/00

    CPC分类号： G02B3/04 ,  G02B19/0028 ,  G02B19/0047 ,  Y10S353/03

    摘要： A family of condenser lenses for an overhead projector (OHP) are designed to balance overall brightness in the projected image versus uniformity of illumination. The lenses are plano-convex and aspheric, and their conic constant is a function of the radius of curvature. The radius of curvature is further selected from a range which depends upon the size of the stage of the OHP. Preferred values of other parameters of the lens and OHP optical system are selected to complement the lens design. The lens is constructed of a heat-resistant material, such as borosilicate, to withstand the high temperatures generated by the incandescent lamp within the OHP base. Condenser lenses which are members of the described family provide performance, in terms of total luminous flux and uniformity of that flux, which is superior to the performance of previous designs.