摘要:
A photoreceptor for electrophotography including an electrically conductive substrate, a bottom layer, a photoconductive layer composed mainly of amorphous silicon, and a surface layer, in that order. Both the bottom and surface layers have a greater optical bandgap than said photoconductive layer. A first middle layer is disposed between said bottom layer and said photoconductive layer, and a second middle layer is disposed between said photoconductive layer and said surface layer. Both the first and second middle layers are composed mainly of amorphous silicon and have a concentration of doped atoms which varies from the bottom to the top of the layer.
摘要:
An amorphous silicon (a-Si) photoreceptor includes an amorphous silicon (a-Si) photoconductive layer, and a surface layer disposed above the amorphous silicon (a-Si) photoconductive layer. An intermediate layer is disposed between the amorphous-silicon (a-Si) photoconductive layer and the surface layer to ensure the energy level matching. The intermediate layer is made of amorphous silicon (a-Si) doped with nitrogen and boron so as to have the energy difference of less than 0.2 eV between the bottom of the conduction bands of the surface layer and the intermediate layer.
摘要:
A method of manufacturing an electrophotographic photoreceptor having an amorphous silicon layer formed as a photoconductive layer, on an electrically conductive support member. The manufacturing method includes the steps of preparing the amorphous silicon layer as the photoconductive layer by employing Si.sub.2 H.sub.6 (disilane) as a main raw material gas through a glow discharge process, and simultaneously, adding nitrogen and boron to the main raw material gas, with the unsaturated bond being stabilized by hydrogen or hydrogen and fluorine.
摘要翻译:一种在导电支撑构件上制造具有形成为光电导层的非晶硅层的电子照相感光体的方法。 该制造方法包括以下步骤:通过利用辉光放电工艺以Si 2 H 6(乙硅烷)作为主要原料气体制备非晶硅层作为光电导层,同时向主要原料气体中加入氮和硼, 不饱和键由氢或氢和氟稳定。
摘要:
A capacitive deionization apparatus, wherein a spacing distance between electrodes of cells is uniformly maintained and a flow in the cells is optimized to improve efficiency of the deionization apparatus and contact resistance between a carbon material and a collector is reduce to improve electrical conductivity, is disclosed. The capacitive deionization apparatus which includes a plurality of electrode modules, each having a collector and electrodes disposed on upper and lower surfaces of the collector to electrically and chemically remove ions from liquid, includes a plurality of plates made of a stiff material are alternately stacked with the electrode modules such that the electrode modules are spaced at specific intervals, wherein the collector and the electrodes are pressed by a pair of adjacent plates among the plurality of plates to maintain a contact therebetween.
摘要:
A method of evaluating performance of an activation gas deactivating an antigenic substance including the steps of causing the antigenic substance and the activation gas to react with each other, to obtain a processed antigenic substance, and causing an antibody against the antigenic substance with the processed antigenic substance to measure binding activity of the processed antigenic substance with the antibody is provided, whereby an evaluation method that can accurately and easily evaluate performance of an activation gas deactivating an antigenic substance is provided.
摘要:
When the electrically driven fan (14) of a vacuum cleaner is driven, air containing dust is drawn into the cleaner main body (1) through a hose (7) connected to a hose socket (8) and is exhausted into the outside of the cleaner main body (1) through an exhaust port (1b) via first and second suction passageways (10, 13). Disposed outside the first suction passageway (10) is an ion generator (23), it being arranged that plus and minus ions generated in the ion generator (23) are fed to the air stream flowing in the first suction passageway (10). Since the plus and minus ions kill floating germs in the air stream, the exhaust can be purified.
摘要:
A superconducting magnetoresistive element has superconducting portions having a high critical current density and weak-coupling portions having a low critical current density. The superconducting portions and weak-coupling portions are alternately arranged and connected in series. The superconducting magnetoresistive element is fabricated, for example, by forming semiconductor films at a plurality of sites on a substrate in a manner that the semiconductor films are spaced from each other, then forming a superconducting thin film all over the substrate and processing the superconducting thin film into a line pattern which passes over the plurality of semiconductor films, and heat-treating the substrate to diffuse a constituent element of the semiconductor films in the superconducting thin film. Portions of the superconducting thin film overlying the semiconductor films become the weak-coupling portions and the rest portions of the superconducting thin film become the superconducting portions.
摘要:
A copper substrate is immersed into a solution in which a Y-Ba-Cu-O series oxide superconducting fine powder is dispersed into an acetone solution and an electric field is applied thereto. A coating deposited on the copper substrate by electrophoresis is sintered with high temperature in vacuum or in an inert gas atmosphere and then subjected to heat-treatment for oxygen composition ratio in an atmosphere of oxygen or air under 500.degree. C. This method prevents occurrence of a CuO layer, which would conventionally be formed at an interface between a Y-Ba-Cu-O film and a Cu substrate disadvantageously, and moreover enables fabrication of superconducting coatings having satisfactory characteristics.
摘要:
A logic circuit device includes a superconductive body formed of a ceramic superconductive material. The ceramic superconductive material has random grain boundaries which act as weak couplings. The ceramic superconductive material also has a magneto-resistive property. There is at least one conductor arranged near the ceramic superconductive body in order to exert a magnetic field on the ceramic superconductive body. The ceramic superconductive body changes its resistance in response to the magnetic field generated by the conductor. The ceramic superconductive body can be used as part of a logic circuit.
摘要:
A superconductinve magneto-resistive device for use in a sensor system for sensing an external magnetic field which is formed so as to have a predetermined pattern for a current path through which a supplied current flows. The pattern includes portions formed close and parallel to each other so that magnetic fields induced by respective currents flowing through the portions can be cancelled with each other.