摘要:
A control apparatus controls an automatic stop of an engine mounted on a vehicle so as to automatically stop the engine if a predetermined stop condition is satisfied, the stop condition including a condition that a running speed of the vehicle is a prescribed speed or less. The control apparatus includes a prediction unit and a prohibition unit. The prediction unit predicts whether or not the next automatic stop time of the engine is less than a prescribed time capable of obtaining a fuel saving benefit based on a history of a vehicle stop time or an automatic stop time of the engine. The prohibition unit prohibits the next automatic stop of the engine if the prediction unit predicts that the next automatic stop time of the engine is less than the prescribed time.
摘要:
To improve the light emission characteristics of a device when a transition metal oxide is used for the hole injection layer, in particular, to enhance the electron blocking characteristics of a transition metal oxide. An organic electroluminescence element comprising an anode, a cathode and a plurality of functional layers formed between the anode and the cathode, the functional layer containing a layer with a light-emitting function composed of at least one kind of an organic semiconductor and, between the anode and the layer with a light-emitting function, a charge injection layer composed of at least one kind of a transition metal oxide, wherein the ratio of the metal to oxygen at the anode side of the transition metal oxide layer is smaller than the stoichiometric ratio and at the same time, the ratio of the metal to oxygen at the layer with a light-emitting function side is greater than that at the anode side.
摘要:
There is provided a method for initializing an image display medium. The image display medium includes a pair of substrates, a common electrode, pixel electrodes that are arranged for respective pixels constituting rows and columns on the other substrate, a display layer in which groups of moving particles that move between the substrates in accordance with an electric field are dispersed in a dispersion medium enclosed between the substrates, and transistors that are connected to the pixel electrodes, respectively. Each transistor controls a voltage to be applied to the corresponding pixel. The method includes a first procedure of applying voltages to the source electrodes of the transistors of all the pixels collectively, and a second procedure of applying voltages to the gate electrodes of the transistors of all the pixels collectively while continuing the applying of the voltages in the first procedure.
摘要:
A data input system including electronic paper and a stylus writing device is disclosed. The electronic paper includes a transparent display substrate on which a number of optically readable code patterns have been formed, the optically readable code patterns representing positional information on a display surface, a rear surface substrate opposing the display substrate, and coloring particles that are enclosed between the display substrate and the rear surface substrate and that are movable by applying an electric or a magnetic field. The electronic paper displays an image due to motion of the particle. The stylus writing device includes a writing head provided at the end of the stylus for writing the image by applying an electric or a magnetic field to the electronic paper by contact and includes an optical reading device for optically reading the code patterns formed on the display surface where the end of the stylus contacts.
摘要:
Provided is an organic EL display panel offering improved luminance without increasing the current density of current flowing through organic light-emitting layers, comprising: substrate; TFT layer formed on substrate; planarizing film formed above TFT layer and having contact holes; lower electrodes arranged above planarizing film in a matrix in one-to-one correspondence with pixel units, and brought into conduction with TFT layer via contact holes; grid-shaped bank formed above planarizing film and defining openings corresponding one-to-one to lower electrodes; organic light-emitting layers formed in openings; and upper electrode formed above light-emitting layers. Each contact hole is positioned between a pair of openings adjacent in the column direction. At least one of opposing sides of any pair of openings adjacent in the column direction is reduced in width in the row direction and extends in the column direction so as to be adjacent in the row direction to the corresponding contact hole.
摘要:
A light emitter and a method of manufacturing a light emitter. The light emitter includes a first electrode, a charge injection transport layer, a light-emitting layer, and a second electrode that are layered in this order. At least the light-emitting layer is defined by a bank that has at least one liquid-repellent surface. The charge injection transport layer is principally composed of a metal compound that is more liquid-philic than the surface of the bank. The charge injection transport layer includes a recessed structure so that in a region defined by the bank, the charge injection transport layer is lower than a bottom surface of the bank.
摘要:
An organic EL display panel includes pixels and an interlayer insulation film on a thin film transistor layer. The interlayer insulation film includes contact holes which each correspond to one of the pixels. A bank is a grid that defines apertures. One of the contact holes is beneath each of the apertures. A first organic light-emitting layer is disposed in each of the apertures that corresponds to one of the pixels of a first color. A second organic light-emitting layer is disposed in each of the apertures that corresponds to one of the pixels of a second color. In each of the apertures in which one of the first and second organic light-emitting layers is disposed, a contact hole region is above the contact hole. A first-material layer comprising a same material as the first organic light-emitting layer and a second-material layer comprising a same material as the second organic light-emitting layer are superimposed in each contact hole region.
摘要:
A light-emitter includes a first electrode and a layered body over the first electrode. The layered body includes a charge injection layer and a light-emitting layer. A bank defines a position of the light-emitting layer of the layered body, and a second electrode is over the layered body. The charge injection layer is formed by oxidation of an upper portion of a metal. The first electrode includes a metal layer that is a lower portion of the metal. An inner portion of the charge injection layer is depressed to define a recess. A portion of the bank is on an outer portion of the charge injection layer.
摘要:
A pressure-sensitive display medium includes a pair of transparent substrates, sealing members and a display layer. The pair of transparent substrates are opposed to each other with a distance therebetween. The sealing members seal peripheral fringes of the pair of transparent substrates. The display layer in which a composition obtained by infiltrating a fluidic material in a porous member is filled in a closed space enclosed with the pair of transparent substrates and the sealing members. When partial pressure is applied from the outside to one face of the transparent substrates, the fluidic material in the display layer at a position to which the pressure is applied is expelled from the porous member. After the pressure is released, the fluidic material having been expelled returns and flows into the porous member.
摘要:
A spark plug for an internal combustion engine is provided which includes a hollow cylindrical metal shell with an open end portion to be exposed to a combustion chamber of the engine, a ground electrode joined to the metal shell, a center electrode disposed in the metal housing to define a spark gap between itself and the ground electrode. The spark plug also includes a stream shaper geometrically formed on an inner periphery of the open end portion of the metal shell to shape tumble vortexes of air-fuel mixture into vortex streams oriented toward a central portion of the combustion chamber. This ensures the stability of orientation of the tumble vortexes to control a flow of sparks, thereby enhancing the ignitability of the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber.