摘要:
In a method for starting a self-igniting internal combustion engine at low temperatures, a first fuel amount is injected into the combustion chamber during a compression stroke of the internal combustion engine by a fuel pre-injection, so as to form a partially homogenous pre-mixture in the combustion chamber; a main fuel amount is then injected into the combustion chamber during a main injection and the fuel/air mixture is combusted by self-ignition, the injection start of the pre-injection being selected such that the partially homogenous pre-mixture can be ignited after a very short ignition delay, and an injection start of the main injection is selected such that the main fuel amount is injected into the combustion chamber either during a combustion phase or directly after a combustion phase of the ignited pre-injection mixture
摘要:
A combustion method for reciprocating internal combustion engines, in particular diesel engines, whose fuel injection system operates with pre-injection involves two pre-injections during a cold start phase, which are carried out prior to reaching top dead center of a piston. A first pre-injection is performed at approximately 25° CA before top dead center and a second pre-injection is performed at approximately 5° CA before top dead center. A crank angle interval α of approximately 20° CA between the individual pre-injections and a crank angle interval β of approximately 5° CA between the second pre-injection and a main injection, are maintained independently of the rotational speed.
摘要:
A dynamo-electric machine includes a self-supporting housing that has a laminated core section and at least one connecting section in the axial extension of the laminated core section. The laminated core section accommodates and secures, and at least sectionally surrounds all sides of, a laminated core of a stator. The individual sheets of the laminated core have a basic outer shape with an especially octagonal cross-section, a stator bore surrounded by radially arranged grooves which are evenly distributed along the circumference of the stator bore, a yoke back that radially adjoins the grooves and extends equidistantly from the stator bore, and axial cavities in the sheet, in regions between the yoke, back and the basic outer shape of the sheets.
摘要:
An internal combustion engine (1), preferably for a motor vehicle, having at least one cylinder (2) which encloses a combustion chamber (3) and in which a piston (4) is situated in such a way that it may perform a stroke movement, and having at least one injector (5) per cylinder for injecting fuel into the combustion chamber (3). The respective injector (5) has multiple injection openings (9, 10) through which the fuel exits from the injector (5) and enters into the combustion chamber (3).To be able to react more fuel, first injection openings (9) and second injection openings (10) are situated relative to one another in such a way that first injection jets (15) from the first injection openings (9) reach the piston (4) essentially without contacting second injection jets (18) from the second injection openings (10).
摘要:
In a first circuit for detecting clock glitches in a clock signal, a master counter is clocked by the clock signal and memorizes a master count. An incrementer advances the master count by one increment. A slave counter is clocked by the clock signal and memorizes a slave count. The slave count is retarded relative to the master count by at least a particular number of clock edges. A comparator determines whether the difference between the master count and the slave count is at least a value of the incrementer times the particular number of clock edges.
摘要:
A compact five-speed transmission planetary gear train includes a first, second, third, fourth and fifth planetary gear sets between an input and an output as well as first, second, third and fourth brakes and first and second clutches. The first, second, third and fourth brakes and first and second clutches are selectively actuatable to provide five different forward speeds and a plurality of different reverse speeds between the input and the output.
摘要:
A stirrer stand (10) for a submersible motor stirrer (12) composed of at least one base part (14) and a receiving part (16) for the submersible motor stirrer beyond which a guide member extends, which is used for guiding the submersible motor during assembly, the entire stirrer stand being produced from a single vibration-damping material.
摘要:
A system for leveling a lampshade comprising, a pivot member operative to engage a post of a lamp harp and support a spyder portion of a lampshade, and a retaining member operative to engage the post and induce a force on the spyder portion.
摘要:
A laundry treatment device includes a treatment chamber for receiving items to be washed and a steam generator supplied with water from a water source by a pump. A first line connects the steam generator to the treatment chamber, and an inlet is provided for introducing steam into the treatment chamber. Arranged between the steam generator and the treatment chamber is a nebulizer facility arranged which is connected by way of a switching valve via second lines to the treatment chamber. The nebulizer facility is constructed to mix treatment agents in the form of an aerosol with the steam.
摘要:
A rechargeable battery, particularly a lead storage battery, having filling openings that are disposed in the battery cover and lead to the battery cells, closing plugs being provided in said filling openings in a sealing manner, wherein, between the inner wall of the filling opening and the outer wall of the stopper, at least one sealing lip is present, which can be deformed by overpressure in the battery cell, in order to relieve the overpressure.