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公开(公告)号：US08048192B2
公开(公告)日：2011-11-01
申请号：US11320707
申请日：2005-12-30
IPC分类号： B22F1/00
CPC分类号： B01J23/42 , B01J8/20 , B01J8/382 , B01J8/388 , B01J19/0086 , B01J35/0013 , B01J37/0221 , B01J37/033 , B01J37/342 , B01J2208/00212 , B01J2208/003 , B22F1/0018 , B22F9/30 , B22F2998/00 , B82Y30/00 , Y10S977/773 , B22F1/0022 , B22F2203/11 , B22F2203/13 , B22F1/0014
摘要： Provided are methods and systems for generating nanoparticles from an inorganic precursor compound using a hydrothermal process within at least one CSTR or PFR maintained at an elevated temperature and an elevated pressure and a treatment vessel in which this reaction solution can be applied to one or more catalyst substrates. In operation, the reaction solution may be maintained within the CSTR at a substantially constant concentration and within a reaction temperature range for a reaction period sufficient to obtain nanoparticles having a desired average particle size of, for example, less than 10 nm formation and/or deposition. Variations of the basic method and system can provide, for example, the generation of complex particle size distribution profiles, the selective deposition of a multi-modal particle size distribution on a single substrate.
摘要翻译： 提供了使用在保持在升高的温度和升高的压力下的至少一个CSTR或PFR中的水热法从无机前体化合物产生纳米颗粒的方法和系统，以及处理容器，其中该反应溶液可以应用于一种或多种催化剂 底物。 在操作中，反应溶液可以以基本上恒定的浓度保持在CSTR内并且在反应温度范围内，反应时间足以获得具有例如小于10nm形成的所需平均粒度的纳米颗粒和/或 沉积 基本方法和系统的变化可以提供例如复合粒度分布曲线的产生，在单个基底上选择性沉积多模态粒度分布。
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2.发明授权Co-deposition of palladium during oxide film growth in high-temperature water to mitigate stress corrosion cracking 失效在高温水中氧化膜生长期间钯的共沉积以减轻应力腐蚀开裂
公开(公告)号：US5768330A
公开(公告)日：1998-06-16
申请号：US729024
申请日：1996-10-10
IPC分类号： G21D1/00 , B01J37/03 , C23C8/80 , C23C12/00 , C23F11/08 , C23F11/18 , G01N17/02 , G21C17/02 , G21C17/022 , G21C19/28 , G21C19/30 , G21C19/307 , G21D3/08 , G21C9/00
CPC分类号： G21C17/0225 , B01J37/031 , C23C12/00 , C23C8/80 , C23F11/08 , C23F11/18 , G01N17/02 , G21C17/02 , G21C19/28 , G21C19/30 , G21C19/307 , G21C17/022 , G21Y2002/102 , G21Y2002/103 , G21Y2002/104 , G21Y2002/201 , G21Y2002/204 , G21Y2004/10 , G21Y2004/101 , G21Y2004/20 , G21Y2004/30 , G21Y2004/302 , G21Y2004/40
摘要： A method for improving the performance and longevity of coatings of metal deposited from aqueous solutions of inorganic, organic or oraganometallic metal compounds. The method involves co-deposition of noble metal or corrosion-inhibiting non-noble metal during growth of oxide film on a component made of alloy, e.g., stainless steels and nickel-based alloys. The result is a metal-doped oxide film having a relatively longer life in the reactor operating environment. In particular, incorporation of palladium into the film provides greatly increased catalytic life as compared to palladium coatings which lie on the oxide surface.
摘要翻译： 一种改善由无机，有机或金属金属化合物的水溶液沉积的金属涂层的性能和寿命的方法。 该方法包括在由诸如不锈钢和镍基合金的合金制成的部件上氧化膜生长期间共沉积贵金属或腐蚀抑制非贵金属。 结果是在反应器操作环境中具有相对较长寿命的金属掺杂氧化物膜。 特别地，与位于氧化物表面上的钯涂层相比，将钯引入膜中提供了大大增加的催化寿命。
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3.发明授权Application of catalytic nanoparticles to high temperature water systems to reduce stress corrosion cracking 失效催化纳米粒子在高温水体系中的应用，减少应力腐蚀开裂公开(公告)号：US06793883B2
公开(公告)日：2004-09-21
申请号：US09681993
申请日：2001-07-05
申请人： Peter Louis Andresen , Thomas Martin Angeliu , Young Jin Kim , Thomas Pompilio Diaz , Samson Hettiarachchi
发明人： Peter Louis Andresen , Thomas Martin Angeliu , Young Jin Kim , Thomas Pompilio Diaz , Samson Hettiarachchi
IPC分类号： C23F1102
CPC分类号： G21C17/0225 , B01J23/42 , B01J35/0013 , B01J35/0053 , B01J35/006 , C23F11/18 , G21C19/307 , G21Y2002/103 , G21Y2004/20
摘要： A method and system for reducing stress corrosion cracking in a hot water system, such as a nuclear reactor, by reducing the electrochemical corrosion potential of components exposed to high temperature water within the structure. The method includes the steps of: providing a reducing species to the high temperature water; and providing a plurality of noble metal nanoparticles having a mean particle size of up to about 100 nm to the high temperature water during operation of the hot water system. The catalytic nanoparticles, which may contain at least one noble metal, form a colloidal suspension in the high temperature water and provide a catalytic surface on which a reducing species reacts with least one oxidizing species present in the high temperature water. The concentration of the oxidizing species is reduced by reaction with the reducing species on the catalytic surface, thereby reducing the electrochemical corrosion potential of the component.
摘要翻译： 通过降低暴露在结构内的高温水的组分的电化学腐蚀电位，减少诸如核反应堆的热水系统中的应力腐蚀开裂的方法和系统。 该方法包括以下步骤：向高温水提供还原物质; 并且在热水系统的操作期间向高温水提供多个平均粒度高达约100nm的贵金属纳米颗粒。 可以含有至少一种贵金属的催化纳米颗粒在高温水中形成胶体悬浮液，并提供催化表面，还原物质与高温水中存在的至少一种氧化物质反应。 通过与催化剂表面上的还原物质反应来降低氧化物质的浓度，从而降低组分的电化学腐蚀电位。
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4.发明授权System and method for determining noble metal concentrations in reactor coolant streams 有权用于测定反应堆冷却剂流中贵金属浓度的系统和方法公开(公告)号：US06440297B1
公开(公告)日：2002-08-27
申请号：US09739181
申请日：2000-12-18
申请人： Young Jin Kim , John Yupeng Gui , Peter Louis Andresen , Thomas Pompilio Diaz , Samson Hettiarachchi
发明人： Young Jin Kim , John Yupeng Gui , Peter Louis Andresen , Thomas Pompilio Diaz , Samson Hettiarachchi
IPC分类号： G01N2726
CPC分类号： G21C17/0225 , G01N27/423 , G01N33/1813 , G21C17/022 , G21Y2002/103
摘要： A system and method for determining a noble metal concentration in a sample that is representative of a noble metal concentration in either a volume of water circulated through a nuclear reactor or a surface of a nuclear reactor component exposed to the volume of water. The system comprises: at least one standard having a predetermined concentration of the noble metal disposed its surface; an electrolyte bath for immersing one of the sample and the standard therein; an auxiliary electrode connectable to one of the sample and the standard; a power source connectable to a reference electrode and one of the standard and the sample; and a current measurement device capable of measuring a current passing between the auxiliary electrode and one of the sample and the standard. The power source is capable of providing a potential across the reference electrode and one of the sample and the standard, The noble metal concentration in the sample is determined relative to the predetermined concentration in the standard by comparing a sample current passing through the sample to a standard current passing through the standard.
摘要翻译： 一种用于确定样品中贵金属浓度的系统和方法，其代表在通过核反应堆循环的水的体积或暴露于水体积的核反应堆组件的表面中的贵金属浓度。 该系统包括：具有预定浓度的贵金属的至少一个标准物，其设置在其表面上; 用于将样品和标准物中的一种浸入其中的电解质浴; 可连接到样品和标准品之一的辅助电极; 可连接到参考电极和标准品和样品之一的电源; 以及能够测量辅助电极和样品之一以及标准品之间的电流的电流测量装置。 电源能够在参考电极和样品和标准品之间提供电位。通过将通过样品的样品电流与一个样品的比较来确定样品中的贵金属浓度相对于标准中的预定浓度 标准电流通过标准。
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5.发明申请Methods for operating and methods for reducing post-shutdown radiation levels of nuclear reactors 审中-公开降低核反应堆停堆后辐射水平的方法和方法公开(公告)号：US20100246745A1
公开(公告)日：2010-09-30
申请号：US11647432
申请日：2006-12-29
IPC分类号： G21C19/307
摘要： A method for operating a nuclear reactor may include adding one or more chemicals to water in the reactor prior to reactor shutdown, during reactor shutdown, or prior to and during reactor shutdown. The one or more chemicals may trigger release of one or more radioactive substances from at least one out-of-core surface of the reactor into the reactor water. A method for reducing post-shutdown radiation levels of a nuclear reactor may include adding one or more chemicals to water in the reactor prior to reactor shutdown, during reactor shutdown, or prior to and during reactor shutdown. The one or more chemicals may include, for example, one or more metals, metal ions, metal compounds, metals and metal ions, metals and metal compounds, metal ions and metal compounds, or metals, metal ions, and metal compounds.
摘要翻译： 用于操作核反应堆的方法可以包括在反应堆关闭之前，在反应堆关闭期间，或者在反应堆关闭之前和期间，在反应器中向水中加入一种或多种化学品。 一种或多种化学物质可能引发一种或多种放射性物质从反应器的至少一个外核表面释放到反应器水中。 减少核反应堆的停堆后辐射水平的方法可以包括在反应堆关闭之前，在反应器关闭期间，或在反应堆停堆之前和期间，在反应器中向水中加入一种或多种化学物质。 一种或多种化学品可以包括例如一种或多种金属，金属离子，金属化合物，金属和金属离子，金属和金属化合物，金属离子和金属化合物，或金属，金属离子和金属化合物。
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6.发明授权System for monitoring noble metal distribution in reactor circuit during plant application 失效在工厂应用中监测电抗器电路中的贵金属分布的系统
公开(公告)号：US5719911A
公开(公告)日：1998-02-17
申请号：US791369
申请日：1997-01-30
IPC分类号： B01J37/03 , C23F11/08 , C23F11/18 , G01N17/02 , G21C3/07 , G21C17/02 , G21C17/022 , G21C19/28 , G21C19/30 , G21C19/307 , G21C17/00 , G01N27/26
CPC分类号： B01J37/031 , C23F11/08 , C23F11/18 , C23F15/00 , G01N17/02 , G21C17/02 , G21C17/022 , G21C17/0225 , G21C19/28 , G21C19/30 , G21C19/307 , G21C3/07 , G21Y2002/102 , G21Y2002/103 , G21Y2002/104 , G21Y2002/204 , G21Y2004/10 , G21Y2004/20 , G21Y2004/30 , G21Y2004/40 , Y02E30/40
摘要： A system for ensuring the distribution of noble metal in the reactor circuit during plant application without measuring the reactor water for noble metal content by chemical analysis. The system performs the measurement of electrochemical corrosion potential in an autoclave or a high-flow test section that is connected to the reactor water circuit through sample lines downstream of the injection port, preferably the point in the reactor circuit which is furthest from the injection port. If the noble metal flows into the autoclave or test section at these distant points in the reactor circuit, then the noble metal will deposit on the test specimens inside the autoclave or test section. After the noble metal has been injected for a predetermined duration, the electrochemical corrosion potential autoclave or test section is exposed to hydrogen water chemistry conditions and the electrochemical corrosion potentials of the specimens inside the autoclave or test section will be measured to determine the extent of their catalytic response. A good catalytic response indicates that the noble metal has reached the locations upstream where electrochemical corrosion potential is being measured.
摘要翻译： 一种用于确保在植物施用期间在反应器回路中分布贵金属的系统，而不通过化学分析测量贵金属含量的反应器水。 该系统在高压灭菌器或高流量测试部分中进行电化学腐蚀电位的测量，该高压灭菌器或高流量测试部分通过注入口下游的采样管线连接到反应器水回路，优选地在反应器电路中与注射端口最远的点 。 如果贵金属在反应器电路中的这些远处流入高压釜或试验部分，则贵金属将沉积在高压釜或试验部分内的试样上。 在将贵金属注入预定时间后，将电化学腐蚀潜力的高压釜或试验部分暴露于氢水化学条件下，并测量高压釜或试验部分内的试样的电化学腐蚀电位，以确定它们的程度 催化反应。 良好的催化反应表明贵金属已经到达测量电化学腐蚀电位的上游位置。
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7.发明授权Noble metal doping or coating of crack interior for stress corrosion cracking protection of metals 失效贵金属掺杂或涂层裂纹内部应力腐蚀开裂保护金属
公开(公告)号：US5805653A
公开(公告)日：1998-09-08
申请号：US729020
申请日：1996-10-10
IPC分类号： G21D1/00 , B01J37/03 , C23F11/08 , C23F11/18 , C23F15/00 , G01N17/02 , G21C3/07 , G21C17/02 , G21C17/022 , G21C19/28 , G21C19/30 , G21C19/307 , G21D3/08 , G21C9/00
CPC分类号： G21C17/0225 , B01J37/031 , C23F11/08 , C23F11/18 , C23F15/00 , G01N17/02 , G21C17/02 , G21C19/28 , G21C19/30 , G21C19/307 , G21C3/07 , G21C17/022 , G21Y2002/102 , G21Y2002/103 , G21Y2002/104 , G21Y2002/204 , G21Y2004/10 , G21Y2004/20 , G21Y2004/30 , G21Y2004/40 , Y02E30/40
摘要： A method for mitigating crack growth on the surface of stainless steel or other metal components in a water-cooled nuclear reactor. A compound containing a noble metal, e.g., palladium, is injected into the water of the reactor in the form of a solution or suspension. This compound has the property that it decomposes under reactor thermal conditions to release ions/atoms of the noble metal which incorporate in or deposit on the interior surfaces of the crack. The compound may be organic, organometallic (e.g., palladium acetylacetonate) or inorganic in nature. The palladium deposited inside a crack should exhibit catalytic behavior even if the bulk surface palladium is depleted under high fluid flow conditions. As a result, the electrochemical potential inside the crack is decreased to a level below the critical potential to protect against intergranular stress corrosion cracking.
摘要翻译： 一种减轻水冷核反应堆不锈钢或其他金属部件表面裂纹扩展的方法。 将包含贵金属如钯的化合物以溶液或悬浮液的形式注入反应器的水中。 该化合物具有其在反应器热条件下分解以释放掺入或沉积在裂纹内表面上的贵金属的离子/原子的性质。 化合物可以是有机的，有机金属的（例如乙酰丙酮钯）或无机的。 即使在高流体流动条件下体表面钯耗尽，沉积在裂纹内的钯也应该具有催化作用。 因此，裂纹内部的电化学电位降低到临界电位以下以防止晶间应力腐蚀开裂。
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8.发明授权Method of catalyst preparation by high-temperature hydrothermal incorporation of noble metals onto surfaces and matrices 失效通过高温水热法将贵金属掺入到表面和基体上的催化剂制备方法
公开(公告)号：US5773096A
公开(公告)日：1998-06-30
申请号：US482224
申请日：1995-06-07
IPC分类号： B01J37/03 , C23F11/08 , C23F11/18 , G01N17/02 , G21C3/07 , G21C17/02 , G21C17/022 , G21C19/28 , G21C19/30 , G21C19/307 , B05D1/18 , G21C9/00
CPC分类号： G01N17/02 , B01J37/031 , C23F11/08 , C23F11/18 , G21C17/02 , G21C17/022 , G21C19/28 , G21C19/30 , G21C19/307 , G21C3/07 , G21C17/0225 , G21Y2002/102 , G21Y2002/103 , G21Y2002/104 , G21Y2002/204 , G21Y2004/10 , G21Y2004/20 , G21Y2004/30 , G21Y2004/40 , Y02E30/40
摘要： A method of depositing noble metals on surfaces or matrices to manufacture industrial catalysts that can be used in a variety of applications. Such deposition of noble metals can be achieved by treating the surfaces in high-temperature (150.degree. C. or higher) water containing dissolved noble metal ions or its colloidal suspensions. The method consists of the steps of placing the surface of a metal substrate in contact with a volume filled with high-temperature water; injecting a solution of a noble metal compound into the volume for a predetermined duration; and removing the surface of the metal substrate from contact with the high-temperature water after expiration of said predetermined duration. The noble metal compound has the property that it releases species of the noble metal in high-temperature water. These noble metal species deposit on or incorporate in the oxide film on the surface of the metal substrate.
摘要翻译： 在表面或基体上沉积贵金属以制造可用于各种应用的工业催化剂的方法。 贵金属的沉积可以通过在含有溶解的贵金属离子或其胶态悬浮液的高温（150℃或更高）水中处理表面来实现。 该方法包括以下步骤：将金属基底的表面与填充有高温水的体积接触; 将贵金属化合物的溶液注入到体积中预定的持续时间; 以及在所述预定持续时间期满之后，移除金属基底的表面与高温水的接触。 贵金属化合物具有在高温水中释放贵金属的物质的性质。 这些贵金属物质沉积在金属基板的表面上或结合在氧化物膜上。
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公开(公告)号：US06357284B1
公开(公告)日：2002-03-19
申请号：US09389882
申请日：1999-09-03
IPC分类号： G01M2726
CPC分类号： G01N17/02
摘要： A ceramic sensor is disclosed that includes a ceramic tube having a closed end and an open end, and a metal sleeve having open first and second ends. The ceramic tube is formed of stabilized zirconia. The metal sleeve extends about the open end of the ceramic tube and is sealingly joined thereto at a contact region by a brazeless bond resulting from hot isostatic pressing. A mixture of metal and metal oxide powders is provided within the ceramic tube adjacent the closed end, and a conducting wire extends from the mixture of metal and metal oxide powders to the second end of the metal sleeve.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种陶瓷传感器，其包括具有封闭端和开口端的陶瓷管，以及具有开放的第一端和第二端的金属套管。 陶瓷管由稳定的氧化锆形成。 金属套筒围绕陶瓷管的开口端部延伸，并且通过由热等静压制成的无钎焊接头在接触区域处密封地连接到陶瓷管的开口端。 金属和金属氧化物粉末的混合物在邻近封闭端的陶瓷管内提供，导线从金属和金属氧化物粉末的混合物延伸到金属套筒的第二端。
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公开(公告)号：US5896432A
公开(公告)日：1999-04-20
申请号：US928123
申请日：1997-09-12
CPC分类号： G21C17/00 , G01N17/02 , G21Y2002/103
摘要： An electrochemical corrosion potential sensor is fabricated by initially joining an electrical conductor to a sensor tip. An electrical cable is joined to the tip conductor. Ceramic powder is fused under heat around the tip conductor to form an integral annular electrically insulating band therearound to insulate the tip from the cable. The band may be formed by plasma spraying, or it may be molded and sintered to seal it to the tip and conductor without brazing. In a preferred embodiment, the band is formed of yttria-stabilized-zirconia or magnesia-stabilized-zirconia.
摘要翻译： 通过最初将电导体连接到传感器尖端来制造电化学腐蚀电位传感器。 电缆连接到尖端导体。 陶瓷粉末在尖端导体周围加热熔化，以在其周围形成一体的环形电绝缘带，以使尖端与电缆绝缘。 带可以通过等离子喷涂形成，或者可以将其模制和烧结以将其密封到尖端和导体而不进行钎焊。 在优选的实施方案中，该带由氧化钇稳定的氧化锆或氧化镁稳定的氧化锆形成。
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