摘要:
An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a photosensitive layer containing an organic photoconductor provided on an electroconductive substrate, wherein said photosensitive layer contains a compound represented by the formula (1) shown below in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the photosensitive layer added;Formula: ##STR1## wherein R represents ##STR2## X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and X.sub.3 each represent hydrogen atom or methyl group, X.sub.4 represents ##STR3## X.sub.5 represents hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an alkenyl group.
摘要:
An apparatus for preparing electrophotographic photosensitive members comprises a means for forming a charge generation layer by coating a charge generation layer coating solution containing two or more kinds of charge-generating materials having different maximum absorption wavelengths, wherein the apparatus further comprises a means for measuring absorbance or transmittance at the respective maximum absorption wavelengths of said coating solution to measure the mixing ratio of the respective charge-generating materials, and a means for controlling the mixing ratio by controlling the feed amount of the respective charge-generating materials.
摘要:
An electrophotographic photosensitive member having the structure comprising a conductive substrate laminated thereon with (i) a charge generation layer comprising two or more kinds of charge-generating materials incorporated in binder resins and (ii) a charge transport layer, wherein said charge generation layer comprises at least a first charge generating material dispersed in a first binder resin and a second charge generating material dispersed in a second binder resin, such that the binder resins in the charge generating layer are incompatible with each other.
摘要:
An electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer on an electroconductive substrate comprises a surface layer containing a fluorine type resin powder and a fluorine type graft polymer.
摘要:
An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a photosensitive layer on an electroconductive support, characterized in that the surface layer contains a fluorine type resin powder and a fluorine type block copolymer.
摘要:
A projection system for projecting a pattern of a mask onto a substrate. The projection system includes a projection optical system disposed between the mask and the substrate, and an optical element for correcting aberration produced in the projection optical system. The optical element has different refracting powers in two orthogonal directions or has a refracting power in one direction of two orthogonal directions and no refracting power in the other of the two orthogonal directions. The optical element is disposed between the mask and the substrate, in which an optical axis of the optical element is inclined with respect to an optical axis of the projection optical system.
摘要:
A projection system for projecting a pattern of a mask onto a substrate. The projection system includes a projection optical system disposed between the mask and the substrate, and an optical element for correcting aberration produced in the projection optical system. The optical element has different refracting powers in two orthogonal directions or has a refracting power in one direction of two orthogonal directions and no refracting power in the other of the two orthogonal directions. The optical element is disposed between the mask and the substrate. An optical axis of the optical element is inclined with respect to an optical axis of the projection optical system.
摘要:
An electrophotographic device has an electrophotographic photosensitive member and a blade for charging arranged in contact with the photosensitive member, the photosensitive member being charged by application of a voltage on the blade for charging, wherein the ten point surface average roughness Rz of the photosensitive member is 0.3 .mu.m to 5.0 .mu.m.
摘要:
An electrophotographic process comprising the steps of:(a) charging an electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer which includes a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer containing a charge-transporting material;(b) forming an image on the charged electrophotographic photosensitive member by exposing the charged photosensitive member to light substantially free of rays having the wavelength band which can be absorbed by the charge-transporting material contained in the charge transport layer; and(c) developing the image with a developer.
摘要:
A projection exposure apparatus includes an optical element, and projects a pattern formed on a first object onto a second object to be exposed through a projection optical system for correcting imaging characteristics by controlling the optical element. The projection exposure apparatus includes: a displacement measurement unit configured to measure a displacement of the optical element; a storage unit configured to store a measurement criterion of the displacement measurement unit; an imaging characteristics measurement unit configured to measure imaging characteristics of the projection optical system; and a calibration unit configured to calibrate the measurement criterion based on a result of measurement by the imaging characteristics measurement unit.