公开(公告)号：US20130332489A1

公开(公告)日：2013-12-12

申请号：US13942148

申请日：2013-07-15

Applicant: VMware, Inc.

Inventor： Daniel J. SCALES ,  Satyam B. VAGHANI

IPC: G06F21/62

CPC classification number: G06F21/6218 ,  G06F17/30067 ,  G06F17/30362

Abstract: Multiple computers are connected to a data storage unit that includes a file system, which further includes multiple data entities, including files, directories and the file system itself. The file system also includes, for each data entity, an owner field for indicating which computer, if any, has exclusive or shared access to the data entity, along with a time field for indicating when a lease of the data entity began. When a computer wants to lease a data entity, the computer uses a disk reservation capability to temporarily lock the data storage unit, and, if the data entity is not currently leased, the computer writes its own identification value into the owner field and a current time into the time field for the data entity, to claim the data entity for a renewable lease period. If a prior lease of a data entity has expired, another computer may break the lease and claim ownership for itself.

Abstract translation: 多个计算机连接到包括文件系统的数据存储单元，该文件系统还包括多个数据实体，包括文件，目录和文件系统本身。 文件系统还包括用于每个数据实体的所有者字段，用于指示哪个计算机（如果有的话）具有对数据实体的独占或共享访问，以及用于指示何时开始数据实体的租约的时间字段。 当计算机要租用数据实体时，计算机使用磁盘预留能力临时锁定数据存储单元，并且如果数据实体当前没有租用，则计算机将自己的标识值写入所有者字段，并且当前 时间进入数据实体的时间段，要求数据实体进行可再生租赁期。 如果数据实体的先前租赁已经过期，则另一台计算机可能会破坏租赁并为其自行申请所有权。

公开(公告)号：US20130246355A1

公开(公告)日：2013-09-19

申请号：US13847956

申请日：2013-03-20

Applicant: VMWARE, INC.

Inventor： Michael NELSON ,  Daniel J. SCALES ,  Andrew TUCKER

IPC: G06F17/30

CPC classification number: G06F17/30575 ,  G06F9/45533 ,  G06F11/1484 ,  G06F11/203 ,  G06F11/2046 ,  G06F11/2097 ,  G06F2201/815

Abstract: Techniques for creating a fault tolerant system in a virtual machine environment utilize a primary VM and a backup VM. To initialize the fault tolerant system, the backup VM and primary VM start from the same state. To achieve this in one embodiment, the primary VM is suspended and the state of the primary VM is copied to the backup VM. Once the backup VM has received all the primary VM's state, the primary VM is resumed. Subsequent state changes of the primary VM are buffered until the backup VM resumes, connects to the primary VM, and starts consuming the buffered content. Thereafter, synchronization is maintained by the primary VM's writing relevant state changes to a log and the backup VM's reading such relevant state changes from the log.

Abstract translation: 在虚拟机环境中创建容错系统的技术使用主虚拟机和备份虚拟机。 要初始化容错系统，备份虚拟机和主虚拟机从相同的状态开始。 为了在一个实施例中实现这一点，主VM被暂停并且主VM的状态被复制到备份VM。 一旦备份虚拟机已经接收到所有主虚拟机的状态，则主VM将被恢复。 主虚拟机的后续状态更改将被缓存，直到备份虚拟机恢复，连接到主虚拟机，并开始消耗缓冲的内容。 此后，主虚拟机将相关状态更改写入日志并维护备份虚拟机的读取，从日志中读取相关状态。

公开(公告)号：US20180045431A1

公开(公告)日：2018-02-15

申请号：US15662071

申请日：2017-07-27

Applicant: VMware, Inc.

Inventor： Carl A. WALDSPURGER ,  Michael NELSON ,  Daniel J. SCALES ,  Pratap SUBRAHMANYAM

IPC: F24H1/14

CPC classification number: F24H1/142 ,  F16L53/32

Abstract: To generate a checkpoint for a virtual machine (VM), first, while the VM is still running, a copy-on-write (COW) disk file is created pointing to a parent disk file that the VM is using. Next, the VM is stopped, the VM's memory is marked COW, the device state of the VM is saved to memory, the VM is switched to use the COW disk file, and the VM begins running again for substantially the remainder of the checkpoint generation. Next, the device state that was stored in memory and the unmodified VM memory pages are saved to a checkpoint file. Also, a copy may be made of the parent disk file for retention as part of the checkpoint, or the original parent disk file may be retained as part of the checkpoint. If a copy of the parent disk file was made, then the COW disk file may be committed to the original parent disk file.

公开(公告)号：US20150160884A1

公开(公告)日：2015-06-11

申请号：US14517301

申请日：2014-10-17

Applicant: VMWARE, INC.

Inventor： Daniel J. SCALES ,  Tariq MAGDON-ISMAIL ,  Razvan CHEVERESAN ,  Michael NELSON ,  Richard MCDOUGALL

IPC: G06F3/06

CPC classification number: G06F3/0644 ,  G06F3/0608 ,  G06F3/0665 ,  G06F3/0667 ,  G06F3/067 ,  G06F17/30144 ,  G06F17/30233

Abstract: An elastic filesystem for temporary data provides storage space for virtual machines (VMs) in a distributed computing system. The filesystem redirects accesses to virtual disks in VMs to a common pool file. The system provides performance and storage efficiency at least on par with local, direct attached virtual disks, while providing a single pool of shared storage that is provisioned and managed independently of the VMs. The system provides storage isolation between VMs storing temporary data in that shared pool. Also, storage space for temporary data may be allocated on demand and reclaimed when no longer needed, thereby supporting a wide variety of temporary space requirements for different Hadoop jobs.

Abstract translation: 用于临时数据的弹性文件系统为分布式计算系统中的虚拟机（VM）提供了存储空间。 文件系统将对VM中的虚拟磁盘的访问重定向到公共池文件。 该系统至少与本地直接连接的虚拟磁盘相提并论，提供性能和存储效率，同时提供独立于虚拟机配置和管理的单个共享存储池。 该系统提供在该共享池中存储临时数据的虚拟机之间的存储隔离。 此外，临时数据的存储空间可以根据需要分配，并在不再需要时进行回收，从而支持不同Hadoop作业的各种临时空间要求。

公开(公告)号：US20150019827A1

公开(公告)日：2015-01-15

申请号：US14262686

申请日：2014-04-25

Applicant: VMware, Inc.

Inventor： Carl A. WALDSPURGER ,  Michael NELSON ,  Daniel J. SCALES ,  Pratap SUBRAHMANYAM

IPC: G06F11/14

CPC classification number: G06F11/1407 ,  G06F11/1435 ,  G06F11/1438 ,  G06F11/1458 ,  G06F11/1471 ,  G06F11/1482 ,  G06F11/1484 ,  G06F12/16 ,  G06F2201/815 ,  G06F2201/84

Abstract: To generate a checkpoint for a virtual machine (VM), first, while the VM is still running, a copy-on-write (COW) disk file is created pointing to a parent disk file that the VM is using. Next, the VM is stopped, the VM's memory is marked COW, the device state of the VM is saved to memory, the VM is switched to use the COW disk file, and the VM begins running again for substantially the remainder of the checkpoint generation. Next, the device state that was stored in memory and the unmodified VM memory pages are saved to a checkpoint file. Also, a copy may be made of the parent disk file for retention as part of the checkpoint, or the original parent disk file may be retained as part of the checkpoint. If a copy of the parent disk file was made, then the COW disk file may be committed to the original parent disk file.

Abstract translation: 要为虚拟机（VM）生成检查点，首先，当VM仍在运行时，会创建指向VM所使用的父磁盘文件的写时复制（COW）磁盘文件。 接下来，VM停止，VM的内存被标记为COW，VM的设备状态被保存到内存，VM被切换为使用COW磁盘文件，并且VM再次开始运行，大部分剩下的检查点生成 。 接下来，将存储在存储器中的设备状态和未修改的VM内存页保存到检查点文件。 另外，作为检查点的一部分，可以将父磁盘文件作为副本作为保留，也可以将原始的父磁盘文件作为检查点的一部分进行保留。 如果生成了父磁盘文件的副本，则COW磁盘文件可能会提交到原始的父磁盘文件。

公开(公告)号：US20140149792A1

公开(公告)日：2014-05-29

申请号：US14170016

申请日：2014-01-31

Applicant: VMware, Inc.

Inventor： Daniel J. SCALES ,  Pratap SUBRAHMANYAM ,  Ganesh VENKITACHALAM ,  Michael NELSON

IPC: G06F11/14

CPC classification number: G06F11/1407 ,  G06F9/45558 ,  G06F11/1484 ,  G06F11/2038 ,  G06F11/2048 ,  G06F11/2097 ,  G06F2009/45583

Abstract: A virtualization platform provides fault tolerance for a primary virtual machine by continuously transmitting checkpoint information of the primary virtual machine to a collector process, such as a backup virtual machine. When implemented on a hardware platform comprising a multi-processor that supports nested page tables, the virtualization platform leverages the nested page table support to quickly identify memory pages that have been modified between checkpoints. The backup virtual machine provides feedback information to assist the virtualization platform in identifying candidate memory pages for transmitting actual modifications to the memory pages rather than the entire memory page as part of the checkpoint information. The virtualization platform further maintains a modification history data structure to identify memory pages that can be transmitted simultaneous with the execution of the primary virtual machine rather than while the primary virtual machine has been stunned.

Abstract translation: 虚拟化平台通过将主虚拟机的检查点信息连续传送到诸如备份虚拟机的收集器进程来为主虚拟机提供容错。 当在包含支持嵌套页表的多处理器的硬件平台上实现时，虚拟化平台利用嵌套页表支持来快速识别在检查点之间已经被修改的内存页。 备份虚拟机提供反馈信息，以帮助虚拟化平台识别用于发送对存储器页的实际修改的候选存储器页，而不是作为检查点信息的一部分的整个存储器页。 虚拟化平台还维护修改历史数据结构，以识别可以与主虚拟机的执行同时发送的存储器页面，而不是在主虚拟机被击晕时。

公开(公告)号：US20140025820A1

公开(公告)日：2014-01-23

申请号：US14034171

申请日：2013-09-23

Applicant: VMware, Inc.

Inventor： Mayank RAWAT ,  Jinyuan LI ,  Murali VILAYANNUR ,  Daniel J. SCALES

IPC: H04L12/24

CPC classification number: H04L41/00 ,  G06F17/30171

Abstract: A method of acquiring a lock by a node, on a shared resource in a system of a plurality of interconnected nodes, is disclosed. Each node that competes for a lock on the shared resource maintains a list of locks currently owned by the node. A lock metadata is maintained on a shared storage that is accessible to all nodes that may compete for locks on shared resources. A heartbeat region is maintained on a shared resource corresponding to each node so nodes can register their liveness. A lock state is maintained in the lock metadata in the shared storage. A lock state may indicate lock held exclusively, lock free or lock in managed mode. If the lock is held in the managed mode, the ownership of the lock can be transferred to another node without a use of a mutual exclusion primitive such as the SCSI reservation.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种在多个互连节点的系统中的共享资源上获取节点锁定的方法。 竞争共享资源上的锁的每个节点维护节点当前拥有的锁的列表。 锁定元数据被维护在可以在共享资源上竞争锁定的所有节点可访问的共享存储器上。 心跳区域保持在对应于每个节点的共享资源上，所以节点可以注册其活动。 在共享存储器中的锁元数据中保持锁定状态。 锁定状态可以指示专门锁定，锁定或锁定在托管模式。 如果锁定在托管模式下，则锁的所有权可以传输到另一个节点，而不使用互斥原语，如SCSI保留。

公开(公告)号：US20130290782A1

公开(公告)日：2013-10-31

申请号：US13926821

申请日：2013-06-25

Applicant: VMware, Inc.

Inventor： Peter M. CHEN ,  Daniel J. SCALES ,  Min Xu ,  Matthew D. GINZTON

IPC: G06F11/14

CPC classification number: G06F11/14 ,  G06F11/1438 ,  G06F11/1446 ,  G06F11/1458 ,  G06F11/1471 ,  G06F11/1484 ,  G06F11/2023 ,  G06F11/2028 ,  G06F11/203 ,  G06F11/2038 ,  G06F17/30233

Abstract: A virtualized computer system provides fault tolerant operation of a primary virtual machine. In one embodiment, this system includes a backup computer system that stores a snapshot of the primary virtual machine and a log file containing non-deterministic events occuring in the instruction stream of the primary virtual machine. The primary virtual machine periodically updates the snapshot and the log file. Upon a failure of the primary virtual machine, the backup computer can instantiate a failover backup virtual machine by consuming the stored snapshot and log file.

Abstract translation: 虚拟化计算机系统提供主虚拟机的容错操作。 在一个实施例中，该系统包括存储主虚拟机的快照的备份计算机系统和包含在主虚拟机的指令流中发生的非确定性事件的日志文件。 主虚拟机会定期更新快照和日志文件。 在主虚拟机发生故障后，备份计算机可以通过使用存储的快照和日志文件实例化故障转移备份虚拟机。

公开(公告)号：US20130290781A1

公开(公告)日：2013-10-31

申请号：US13926777

申请日：2013-06-25

Applicant: VMware, Inc.

Inventor： Peter M. CHEN ,  Daniel J. SCALES ,  Min Xu ,  Matthew D. GINZTON

IPC: G06F11/14

CPC classification number: G06F11/14 ,  G06F11/1438 ,  G06F11/1446 ,  G06F11/1458 ,  G06F11/1471 ,  G06F11/1484 ,  G06F11/2023 ,  G06F11/2028 ,  G06F11/203 ,  G06F11/2038 ,  G06F17/30233

Abstract: A virtualized computer system provides fault tolerant operation of a primary virtual machine. In one embodiment, this system includes a backup computer system that stores a snapshot of the primary virtual machine and a log file containing non-deterministic events occuring in the instruction stream of the primary virtual machine. The primary virtual machine periodically updates the snapshot and the log file. Upon a failure of the primary virtual machine, the backup computer can instantiate a failover backup virtual machine by consuming the stored snapshot and log file.