公开(公告)号：US20160188390A1

公开(公告)日：2016-06-30

申请号：US14968865

申请日：2015-12-14

Applicant: VMware, Inc.

Inventor： Michael NELSON

IPC: G06F9/54 ,  G06F9/455

CPC classification number: G06F9/544 ,  G06F9/455 ,  G06F9/45504 ,  G06F9/45533 ,  G06F9/45558 ,  G06F9/4812 ,  G06F9/542 ,  G06F9/546 ,  G06F13/24 ,  G06F2009/45595

Abstract: A virtual machine (VM) runs on system hardware, which includes a physical network interface device that enables transfer of packets between the VM and a destination over a network. A virtual machine monitor (VMM) exports a hardware interface to the VM and runs on a kernel, which forms a system software layer between the VMM and the system hardware. Pending packets (both transmit and receive) issued by the VM are stored in a memory region that is shared by, that is, addressable by, the VM, the VMM, and the kernel. Rather than always transferring each packet as it is issued, packets are clustered in the shared memory region until a trigger event occurs, whereupon the cluster of packets is passed as a group to the physical network interface device. Optional mechanisms are included to prevent packets from waiting too long in the shared memory space before being transferred to the network. An interrupt offloading mechanism is also disclosed for use in multiprocessor systems such that it is in most cases unnecessary to interrupt the VM in order to request a VMM action, and the need for VMM-to-kernel context transitions is reduced.

Abstract translation: 虚拟机（VM）在系统硬件上运行，其中包括物理网络接口设备，能够通过网络在虚拟机和目的地之间传输数据包。 虚拟机监视器（VMM）将硬件接口导出到虚拟机并在内核上运行，内核在VMM和系统硬件之间形成系统软件层。 由VM发出的等待发送的数据包（发送和接收）都存储在由VM，VMM和内核可共享的存储区域中。 在发送每个数据包之前，不要总是传输数据包，而是将数据包聚集在共享存储器区域中，直到发生触发事件，然后将数据包集群作为一组传递到物理网络接口设备。 包括可选的机制，以防止数据包在传输到网络之前在共享内存空间中等待太久。 还公开了用于多处理器系统的中断卸载机制，使得在大多数情况下大多数情况下不必中断VM以便请求VMM动作，并且减少对VMM到内核上下文转换的需要。

公开(公告)号：US20150019827A1

公开(公告)日：2015-01-15

申请号：US14262686

申请日：2014-04-25

Applicant: VMware, Inc.

Inventor： Carl A. WALDSPURGER ,  Michael NELSON ,  Daniel J. SCALES ,  Pratap SUBRAHMANYAM

IPC: G06F11/14

CPC classification number: G06F11/1407 ,  G06F11/1435 ,  G06F11/1438 ,  G06F11/1458 ,  G06F11/1471 ,  G06F11/1482 ,  G06F11/1484 ,  G06F12/16 ,  G06F2201/815 ,  G06F2201/84

Abstract: To generate a checkpoint for a virtual machine (VM), first, while the VM is still running, a copy-on-write (COW) disk file is created pointing to a parent disk file that the VM is using. Next, the VM is stopped, the VM's memory is marked COW, the device state of the VM is saved to memory, the VM is switched to use the COW disk file, and the VM begins running again for substantially the remainder of the checkpoint generation. Next, the device state that was stored in memory and the unmodified VM memory pages are saved to a checkpoint file. Also, a copy may be made of the parent disk file for retention as part of the checkpoint, or the original parent disk file may be retained as part of the checkpoint. If a copy of the parent disk file was made, then the COW disk file may be committed to the original parent disk file.

Abstract translation: 要为虚拟机（VM）生成检查点，首先，当VM仍在运行时，会创建指向VM所使用的父磁盘文件的写时复制（COW）磁盘文件。 接下来，VM停止，VM的内存被标记为COW，VM的设备状态被保存到内存，VM被切换为使用COW磁盘文件，并且VM再次开始运行，大部分剩下的检查点生成 。 接下来，将存储在存储器中的设备状态和未修改的VM内存页保存到检查点文件。 另外，作为检查点的一部分，可以将父磁盘文件作为副本作为保留，也可以将原始的父磁盘文件作为检查点的一部分进行保留。 如果生成了父磁盘文件的副本，则COW磁盘文件可能会提交到原始的父磁盘文件。

公开(公告)号：US20140149792A1

公开(公告)日：2014-05-29

申请号：US14170016

申请日：2014-01-31

Applicant: VMware, Inc.

Inventor： Daniel J. SCALES ,  Pratap SUBRAHMANYAM ,  Ganesh VENKITACHALAM ,  Michael NELSON

IPC: G06F11/14

CPC classification number: G06F11/1407 ,  G06F9/45558 ,  G06F11/1484 ,  G06F11/2038 ,  G06F11/2048 ,  G06F11/2097 ,  G06F2009/45583

Abstract: A virtualization platform provides fault tolerance for a primary virtual machine by continuously transmitting checkpoint information of the primary virtual machine to a collector process, such as a backup virtual machine. When implemented on a hardware platform comprising a multi-processor that supports nested page tables, the virtualization platform leverages the nested page table support to quickly identify memory pages that have been modified between checkpoints. The backup virtual machine provides feedback information to assist the virtualization platform in identifying candidate memory pages for transmitting actual modifications to the memory pages rather than the entire memory page as part of the checkpoint information. The virtualization platform further maintains a modification history data structure to identify memory pages that can be transmitted simultaneous with the execution of the primary virtual machine rather than while the primary virtual machine has been stunned.

Abstract translation: 虚拟化平台通过将主虚拟机的检查点信息连续传送到诸如备份虚拟机的收集器进程来为主虚拟机提供容错。 当在包含支持嵌套页表的多处理器的硬件平台上实现时，虚拟化平台利用嵌套页表支持来快速识别在检查点之间已经被修改的内存页。 备份虚拟机提供反馈信息，以帮助虚拟化平台识别用于发送对存储器页的实际修改的候选存储器页，而不是作为检查点信息的一部分的整个存储器页。 虚拟化平台还维护修改历史数据结构，以识别可以与主虚拟机的执行同时发送的存储器页面，而不是在主虚拟机被击晕时。

公开(公告)号：US20140032767A1

公开(公告)日：2014-01-30

申请号：US14044195

申请日：2013-10-02

Applicant: VMware, Inc.

Inventor： Michael NELSON

IPC: H04L12/911

CPC classification number: G06F9/45558 ,  G06F3/0604 ,  G06F3/0647 ,  G06F3/0683 ,  G06F9/4856 ,  G06F2009/4557 ,  G06F2009/45583 ,  G06F2009/45595 ,  H04L47/783 ,  H04L67/148

Abstract: A source virtual machine (VM) hosted on a source server is migrated to a destination VM on a destination server without first powering down the source VM. After optional pre-copying of the source VM's memory to the destination VM, the source VM is suspended and its non-memory state is transferred to the destination VM; the destination VM is then resumed from the transferred state. The source VM memory is either paged into the destination VM on demand, or is transferred asynchronously by pre-copying and write-protecting the source VM memory, and then later transferring only the modified pages after the destination VM is resumed. The source and destination servers preferably share common storage, in which the source VM's virtual disk is stored; this avoids the need to transfer the virtual disk contents.

Abstract translation: 托管在源服务器上的源虚拟机（VM）将迁移到目标服务器上的目标VM，而无需首先关闭源虚拟机。 在将源虚拟机的内存可选地预先复制到目标虚拟机之后，源虚拟机被暂停，其非内存状态被传送到目标虚拟机; 目的地VM然后从转移状态恢复。 根据需要，将源虚拟机内存分派到目标虚拟机中，或通过预源复制和写保护源虚拟机内存异步传输，然后在目标虚拟机恢复之后稍后传输修改的页面。 源服务器和目标服务器优选地共享存储源虚拟机的虚拟盘的公共存储器; 这避免了传输虚拟磁盘内容的需要。

公开(公告)号：US20180045431A1

公开(公告)日：2018-02-15

申请号：US15662071

申请日：2017-07-27

Applicant: VMware, Inc.

Inventor： Carl A. WALDSPURGER ,  Michael NELSON ,  Daniel J. SCALES ,  Pratap SUBRAHMANYAM

IPC: F24H1/14

CPC classification number: F24H1/142 ,  F16L53/32

Abstract: To generate a checkpoint for a virtual machine (VM), first, while the VM is still running, a copy-on-write (COW) disk file is created pointing to a parent disk file that the VM is using. Next, the VM is stopped, the VM's memory is marked COW, the device state of the VM is saved to memory, the VM is switched to use the COW disk file, and the VM begins running again for substantially the remainder of the checkpoint generation. Next, the device state that was stored in memory and the unmodified VM memory pages are saved to a checkpoint file. Also, a copy may be made of the parent disk file for retention as part of the checkpoint, or the original parent disk file may be retained as part of the checkpoint. If a copy of the parent disk file was made, then the COW disk file may be committed to the original parent disk file.

公开(公告)号：US20150160884A1

公开(公告)日：2015-06-11

申请号：US14517301

申请日：2014-10-17

Applicant: VMWARE, INC.

Inventor： Daniel J. SCALES ,  Tariq MAGDON-ISMAIL ,  Razvan CHEVERESAN ,  Michael NELSON ,  Richard MCDOUGALL

IPC: G06F3/06

CPC classification number: G06F3/0644 ,  G06F3/0608 ,  G06F3/0665 ,  G06F3/0667 ,  G06F3/067 ,  G06F17/30144 ,  G06F17/30233

Abstract: An elastic filesystem for temporary data provides storage space for virtual machines (VMs) in a distributed computing system. The filesystem redirects accesses to virtual disks in VMs to a common pool file. The system provides performance and storage efficiency at least on par with local, direct attached virtual disks, while providing a single pool of shared storage that is provisioned and managed independently of the VMs. The system provides storage isolation between VMs storing temporary data in that shared pool. Also, storage space for temporary data may be allocated on demand and reclaimed when no longer needed, thereby supporting a wide variety of temporary space requirements for different Hadoop jobs.

Abstract translation: 用于临时数据的弹性文件系统为分布式计算系统中的虚拟机（VM）提供了存储空间。 文件系统将对VM中的虚拟磁盘的访问重定向到公共池文件。 该系统至少与本地直接连接的虚拟磁盘相提并论，提供性能和存储效率，同时提供独立于虚拟机配置和管理的单个共享存储池。 该系统提供在该共享池中存储临时数据的虚拟机之间的存储隔离。 此外，临时数据的存储空间可以根据需要分配，并在不再需要时进行回收，从而支持不同Hadoop作业的各种临时空间要求。

公开(公告)号：US20160274934A1

公开(公告)日：2016-09-22

申请号：US15167941

申请日：2016-05-27

Applicant: VMware, Inc.

Inventor： Michael NELSON

IPC: G06F9/455 ,  G06F3/06

CPC classification number: G06F9/45558 ,  G06F3/0604 ,  G06F3/0647 ,  G06F3/0683 ,  G06F9/4856 ,  G06F2009/4557 ,  G06F2009/45583 ,  G06F2009/45595 ,  H04L47/783 ,  H04L67/148

Abstract: A source virtual machine (VM) hosted on a source server is migrated to a destination VM on a destination server without first powering down the source VM. After optional pre-copying of the source VM's memory to the destination VM, the source VM is suspended and its non-memory state is transferred to the destination VM; the destination VM is then resumed from the transferred state. In one embodiment, the source VM memory is either paged into the destination VM on demand, or is transferred asynchronously by pre-copying and write-protecting the source VM memory, and then later transferring only the modified pages after the destination VM is resumed. In one embodiment, the source and destination servers share common storage, in which the source VM's virtual disk is stored; this avoids the need to transfer the virtual disk contents.

公开(公告)号：US20150160964A1

公开(公告)日：2015-06-11

申请号：US14624009

申请日：2015-02-17

Applicant: VMware, Inc.

Inventor： Michael NELSON

IPC: G06F9/455

CPC classification number: G06F9/45558 ,  G06F3/0604 ,  G06F3/0647 ,  G06F3/0683 ,  G06F9/4856 ,  G06F2009/4557 ,  G06F2009/45583 ,  G06F2009/45595 ,  H04L47/783 ,  H04L67/148

Abstract: A source virtual machine (VM) hosted on a source server is migrated to a destination VM on a destination server without first powering down the source VM. After optional pre-copying of the source VM's memory to the destination VM, the source VM is suspended and its non-memory state is transferred to the destination VM; the destination VM is then resumed from the transferred state. In one embodiment, the source VM memory is either paged into the destination VM on demand, or is transferred asynchronously by pre-copying and write-protecting the source VM memory, and then later transferring only the modified pages after the destination VM is resumed. In one embodiment, the source and destination servers share common storage, in which the source VM's virtual disk is stored; this avoids the need to transfer the virtual disk contents.

Abstract translation: 托管在源服务器上的源虚拟机（VM）将迁移到目标服务器上的目标VM，而无需首先关闭源虚拟机。 在将源虚拟机的内存可选地预先复制到目标虚拟机之后，源虚拟机被暂停，其非内存状态被传送到目标虚拟机; 目的地VM然后从转移状态恢复。 在一个实施例中，根据需要将源VM存储器分页到目标VM中，或者通过预复制和写保护源VM存储器异步地传送，然后在目的地VM恢复之后稍后传送修改的页面。 在一个实施例中，源服务器和目的地服务器共享共享存储器，其中存储源虚拟机的虚拟盘; 这避免了传输虚拟磁盘内容的需要。

公开(公告)号：US20150120928A1

公开(公告)日：2015-04-30

申请号：US14062660

申请日：2013-10-24

Applicant: VMware, Inc.

Inventor： Jayanth GUMMARAJU ,  Richard MCDOUGALL ,  Michael NELSON ,  Rean GRIFFITH ,  Tariq MAGDON-ISMAIL ,  Razvan CHEVERESAN ,  Junping DU

IPC: H04L29/08 ,  G06F9/50

CPC classification number: H04L67/1008 ,  G06F9/5072 ,  G06F17/30194 ,  G06F2209/5011

Abstract: A distributed computing application is described that provides a highly elastic and multi-tenant platform for Hadoop applications and other workloads running in a virtualized environment. Data and compute nodes are separated into different virtual machines (VM). Compute VMs are used to launch containers from different tenants. Compute VMs are organized in pools of hot spare VMs that are immediately available for launching a container and executing a task, and pools of cold spare VMs. Each compute VM may include a mounted network filesystem provided by a node manager to share intermediate outputs across VMs executing on the same host.

Abstract translation: 描述了一种分布式计算应用程序，为Hadoop应用程序和在虚拟化环境中运行的其他工作负载提供了高弹性和多租户平台。 数据和计算节点分为不同的虚拟机（VM）。 计算虚拟机用于从不同的租户启动容器。 计算虚拟机组织在可以立即可用于启动容器和执行任务的热备用虚拟机池以及冷备用虚拟机池中。 每个计算VM可以包括由节点管理器提供的安装的网络文件系统，以跨越在同一主机上执行的VM共享中间输出。

公开(公告)号：US20130246355A1

公开(公告)日：2013-09-19

申请号：US13847956

申请日：2013-03-20

Applicant: VMWARE, INC.

Inventor： Michael NELSON ,  Daniel J. SCALES ,  Andrew TUCKER

IPC: G06F17/30

CPC classification number: G06F17/30575 ,  G06F9/45533 ,  G06F11/1484 ,  G06F11/203 ,  G06F11/2046 ,  G06F11/2097 ,  G06F2201/815

Abstract: Techniques for creating a fault tolerant system in a virtual machine environment utilize a primary VM and a backup VM. To initialize the fault tolerant system, the backup VM and primary VM start from the same state. To achieve this in one embodiment, the primary VM is suspended and the state of the primary VM is copied to the backup VM. Once the backup VM has received all the primary VM's state, the primary VM is resumed. Subsequent state changes of the primary VM are buffered until the backup VM resumes, connects to the primary VM, and starts consuming the buffered content. Thereafter, synchronization is maintained by the primary VM's writing relevant state changes to a log and the backup VM's reading such relevant state changes from the log.

Abstract translation: 在虚拟机环境中创建容错系统的技术使用主虚拟机和备份虚拟机。 要初始化容错系统，备份虚拟机和主虚拟机从相同的状态开始。 为了在一个实施例中实现这一点，主VM被暂停并且主VM的状态被复制到备份VM。 一旦备份虚拟机已经接收到所有主虚拟机的状态，则主VM将被恢复。 主虚拟机的后续状态更改将被缓存，直到备份虚拟机恢复，连接到主虚拟机，并开始消耗缓冲的内容。 此后，主虚拟机将相关状态更改写入日志并维护备份虚拟机的读取，从日志中读取相关状态。