Abstract:
In one embodiment, the integrity of forwarding paths within a packet switching device is investigated. A packet switching device creates a probe packet. The packet switching device then communicates the probe packet within the packet switching device in a normal forwarding manner, while monitoring at multiple positions along forwarding paths through the packet switching device for the appearance of the probe packet. The traveling within the packet switching device of the probe packet, including as identified by the monitored positions, is analyzed to identify whether or not the probe packet was correctly forwarded at one or more locations within the packet switching device.
Abstract:
In one embodiment, the integrity of forwarding paths within a packet switching device is investigated. A packet switching device creates a probe packet. The packet switching device then communicates the probe packet within the packet switching device in a normal forwarding manner, while monitoring at multiple positions along forwarding paths through the packet switching device for the appearance of the probe packet. The traveling within the packet switching device of the probe packet, including as identified by the monitored positions, is analyzed to identify whether or not the probe packet was correctly forwarded at one or more locations within the packet switching device.
Abstract:
In an OTN (Optical Transport Network), an OTN interface of a network element may receive a BDI (Backwards Defect Indicator) signal from a far end network element to which OTN frames are being transmitted. A BDI signal indicates the occurrence of a unidirectional failure in the transmission of OTN frames to which the far end network element responds by switching its routing to the network element. The OTN interface generates an AIS (Alarm Indication Signal) for its network element so that the network element switches network communication channels to the far end network element to ensure bidirectional switching upon a unidirectional failure.
Abstract translation:在OTN(Optical Transport Network,光传输网络)中,网元的OTN接口可以从正在发送OTN帧的远端网元接收BDI(后向缺陷指示符)信号。 BDI信号表示远端网元通过将其路由切换到网络单元来响应的OTN帧的传输中出现单向故障。 OTN接口为其网元生成AIS(告警指示信号),使得网元将网络通信信道切换到远端网元,确保单向故障双向切换。
Abstract:
Disclosed is a shape memory alloy wire subjected to a cold drawing work, which comprises a shape memory alloy in a martensitic phase which assumes an austenitic phase or a martensitic phase through phase transformation temperatures, has a diameter of 60 μm or less, and has a reverse transformation termination temperature of at least 250° C. By using the alloy wire, a composite material having the alloy wire embedded in a resin having a molding temperature as high as 180° C., such as a glass fiber reinforced resin or a carbon fire reinforced resin, without fixing of both wire ends.
Abstract:
A methanol-reforming catalyst containing a Ni3Al intermetallic compound as a main component that is superior in heat resistance and abrasion resistance and has a high activity and selectivity even at a high temperature.
Abstract:
Enhancements of the user experience are provided when a user returns to a previously viewed page, such as a previously viewed page of search results. When a user returns to a previously viewed page, additional context information from a user's actions since the initial view of a page can be used to modify the previously viewed page and/or obtain a new version of the previously viewed page. In situations where the previously viewed page corresponds to a page of responsive results from a search engine, the modified and/or new version of the search engine results page can include an expanded or reduced group of results, different types of results, different rankings for existing results, or a combination thereof.
Abstract:
In an OTN (Optical Transport Network), an OTN interface of a network element may receive a BDI (Backwards Defect Indicator) signal from a far end network element to which OTN frames are being transmitted. A BDI signal indicates the occurrence of a unidirectional failure in the transmission of OTN frames to which the far end network element responds by switching its routing to the network element. The OTN interface generates an AIS (Alarm Indication Signal) for its network element so that the network element switches network communication channels to the far end network element to ensure bidirectional switching upon a unidirectional failure.
Abstract translation:在OTN(Optical Transport Network,光传输网络)中,网元的OTN接口可以从正在发送OTN帧的远端网元接收BDI(后向缺陷指示符)信号。 BDI信号表示远端网元通过将其路由切换到网络单元来响应的OTN帧的传输中出现单向故障。 OTN接口为其网元生成AIS(告警指示信号),使得网元将网络通信信道切换到远端网元,确保单向故障双向切换。
Abstract:
Enhancements of the user experience are provided when a user returns to a previously viewed page, such as a previously viewed page of search results. When a user returns to a previously viewed page, additional context information from a user's actions since the initial view of a page can be used to modify the previously viewed page and/or obtain a new version of the previously viewed page. In situations where the previously viewed page corresponds to a page of responsive results from a search engine, the modified and/or new version of the search engine results page can include an expanded or reduced group of results, different types of results, different rankings for existing results, or a combination thereof.
Abstract:
A methanol-reforming catalyst containing a Ni3Al intermetallic compound as a main component that is superior in heat resistance and abrasion resistance and has a high activity and selectivity even at a high temperature.
Abstract:
Disclosed are methods for treating pain in a subject. The method includes upregulating expression of opioid receptors in the subject's dorsal root ganglion neurons. Also disclosed are methods of treating neuropathic and/or chronic pain in a subject. The method includes upregulating expression of μ-opioid receptors in the subject's large dorsal root ganglion neurons.