摘要:
An electronic timepiece having an acoustic hour information function in which a photosensitive switch mechanism essentially comprising a photosensitive element is provided to detect a quantity of light below a predetermined value in the surrounding environment where the timepiece is placed and control the acoustic hour information function of the timepiece depending upon the detected result.
摘要:
An electronic timepiece equipped with an alarm system whereby an external control member is actuated a desired number of times or for a desired time duration causing a count to be set into a first counter. Subsequently, when an alarm is generated, an identical count value must be set into a second counter by actuating an external control member for the same number of times or for an appropriate time duration in order to shut off the alarm. Possibility of the user shutting off the alarm signal and then falling asleep again is thus greatly reduced. A snooze switch control function can also be easily incorporated.
摘要:
This invention provides a process for producing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, the process comprising: (1) a first reaction step of reacting hydrogen fluoride with at least one chlorine-containing compound selected from the group consisting of a chloropropane represented by Formula (1): CClX2CHClCH2Cl, wherein each X is the same or different and is CI or F, a chloropropene represented by Formula (2): CClY2CCl═CH2, wherein each Y is the same or different and is CI or F, and a chloropropene represented by Formula (3): CZ2═CClCH2Cl, wherein each Z is the same or different and is CI or F in a gas phase in the absence of a catalyst while heating; and (2) a second reaction step of reacting hydrogen fluoride with a reaction product obtained in the first reaction step in a gas phase in the presence of a fluorination catalyst while heating. According to the process of this invention, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf) can be obtained with high selectivity, and catalyst deterioration can be suppressed.
摘要:
The present invention provides a process for preparing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene comprising the steps of: (a) reacting 3,3,3-trifluoropropyne with hydrogen fluoride while heating to obtain a product containing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene; (b) separating the product obtained in Step (a) into Component A containing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 3,3,3-trifluoropropyne, and Component B containing 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene; (c) separating 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 3,3,3-trifluoropropyne contained in Component A obtained in Step (b) into each compound; (d) conducting a dehydrofluorination reaction by heating Component B obtained in Step (b) in the presence of a catalyst; (e) separating the product obtained in Step (d) into Component C containing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 3,3,3-trifluoropropyne, and Component D containing 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene; (f) separating 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 3,3,3-trifluoropropyne contained in Component C obtained in Step (e) into each compound; and (g) conducting a dehydrofluorination reaction by heating Component D obtained in Step (e) in the presence of a catalyst. The present invention provides an effective and industrially applicable process for preparing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.
摘要:
This invention provides a cyclic ether copolymer such as a cyclic ether copolymer excellent in solubility in solvents and easy to form uniform thin films therefrom. The present invention relates to a cyclic ether copolymer obtained from a 1,3-dioxole ring structure-containing compound represented by the following general formula (I) and an ethylenically unsaturated monomer: (wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different and each represents F, H, Cl or a perfluoroalkyl group containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms and X1 and X2 are the same or different and each represents F, H, Cl or —OR3, and R3 represents a perfluoroalkyl group containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms, provided that at least one of R1 and R2 is F or a perfluoroalkyl group containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms), which compolymer has a glass transition point of 100 to 135° C. and an intrinsic viscosity of 0.01 to 0.4 dl/g as determined at 35° C. in perfluoro-2-butyltetrahydrofuran.
摘要:
Provided is a process for the production of a fluorine-containing block copolymer, which suppresses the formation of a homopolymer as a by-product and which, regardless of whether the chain transfer constant of the iodine end is large or small, achieves nearly 100% conversion into a block copolymer. The process is characterized by reacting (A) a fluorine-containing polymer which has an iodine atom or a bromine atom at either or both terminals of the backbone chain and/or at a side-chain terminal with (M) a radical-polymerizable monomer in the presence of (C) a sulfur compound represented by general formula (2): (Y1)nH2-nS2O4 (wherein Y1 is a mono- or di-valent metal ion or an ammonium ion; and n is an integer of 0 to 2).
摘要:
This invention provides a process for producing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, the process comprising: (1) a first reaction step of reacting hydrogen fluoride with at least one chlorine-containing compound selected from the group consisting of a chloropropane represented by Formula (1): CClX2CHClCH2Cl, wherein each X is the same or different and is CI or F, a chloropropene represented by Formula (2): CClY2CCl═CH2, wherein each Y is the same or different and is CI or F, and a chloropropene represented by Formula (3): CZ2═CClCH2Cl, wherein each Z is the same or different and is CI or F in a gas phase in the absence of a catalyst while heating; and (2) a second reaction step of reacting hydrogen fluoride with a reaction product obtained in the first reaction step in a gas phase in the presence of a fluorination catalyst while heating. According to the process of this invention, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf) can be obtained with high selectivity, and catalyst deterioration can be suppressed.
摘要:
The present invention provides a process for producing a fluorine-containing alkene of the general formula CF3(CX2)nCF═CH2, wherein X each independently represents F or Cl, and n is an integer of 0 to 2. The process includes a first reaction step of allowing a specific chlorine-containing compound to react with a fluorinating agent under increased pressure in a gas phase in the presence of at least one fluorination catalyst selected from the group consisting of chromium oxide and fluorinated chromium oxide, and a second reaction step of heating the product of the first reaction step in a gas phase under a pressure lower than the pressure in the first reaction step. The process of the present invention can produce a fluorine-containing alkene with a high selectivity with the use of a catalyst that can be easily handled, while suppressing production of by-products that cannot be easily converted into the target or separated.
摘要:
The present invention provides a method for efficiently preparing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf) by a simple and economically advantageous method that is suitable for implementation on an industrial scale. The present invention provides a process for preparing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, comprising the step of: (1) in a reactor, (1-1) reacting 1,1,1,2,3-penta-chloropropane with hydrogen fluoride in an amount of 10 to 100 mol per mole of the 1,1,1,2,3-pentachloropropane 1; (1-2) in the presence of chromic oxide represented by composition formula: CrOm (1.5
摘要:
The present invention provides a process for producing fluorine-containing alkene represented by Formula (2): Rf1C(Rf2)═CH2 wherein Rf1 and Rf2 are the same or different, and are F, H, F(CF2)n- wherein n is an integer of 1 to 5, or H(CF2)m- wherein m is an integer of 1 to 5, with the proviso that Rf1 and Rf2 are not simultaneously H, by heating fluorine-containing alkane represented by Formula (1): Rf1CF(Rf2))CH3 wherein Rf1 and Rf2 are as defined above, in a gas phase to perform a dehydrofluorination reaction, the dehydrofluorination reaction being carried out in the presence of 5 mol or more of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride per mol of the fluorine-containing alkane. The process of the present invention can significantly enhance the selectivity of fluorine-containing alkene without reducing conversion in the production of fluorine-containing alkene from fluorine-containing alkane, such as fluorine-containing propane.