Abstract:
An optical packet header identifier having a simplified configuration and being superior in reliability, stability, and economical efficiency, an optical router incorporating the identifier therein, and a routing method using the optical router are provided. The optical packet header identifier includes an optical waveguide, optical focusing elements, and a photo receiver. Tilted gratings for diffracting an incident optical beam and emitting the beams as diffracted optical beams to the outside of the waveguide are formed within the optical waveguide. The tilted gratings are not formed uniformly in a longitudinal direction of a core of the optical waveguide, but are arranged at intervals. The length of a portion containing a set of gratings and the length of a portion containing no gratings can be defined in increments of length “L”. “L” equals to the spatial length which 1 bit in an optical signal occupies.
Abstract:
An image recorded on a photo film is projected through an imaging lens onto an image sensor. In accordance with a selected mode, set values are read out from a data ROM and are applied to a band pass filter having programmable digital filters. Pixel signals from the image sensor are converted into evaluation signals that are correlative with spatial frequencies of the image, and are filtered through the band pass filter with the frequency band determined by the set values. The evaluation signals are integrated, and a peak value of integration values obtained at different focusing positions is determined to be an in-focus position.
Abstract:
An electromagnetic sound generator is proposed that can be easily and inexpensively fabricated for producing an indicating sound to enable use in an automobile or other similar environment. A spool (2) on which a coil (3) has been wound, a core (4) that is movable up and down, and a round spring (5) are installed inside a cup-shaped yoke (1); whereby supplying or cutting off the supply of current to the coil (3) causes the core (4) to strike, in single beats in accordance with drive, against the yoke (1) itself or on the side of spring (5) to produce a sound. The yoke (1), which is the magnetic circuit for driving, also serves as a sound generator, and the provision of openings such as slits in the upper surface and side surfaces of the cup-shaped yoke (1) enhances sound effects such as the tone, volume and direction of emission of the generated sound. When converting a directional indicator for an automobile to electronic circuits, the present invention enables the production of a sound for checking operation of the directional indicator that resembles the sound of a relay-type directional indicator.
Abstract:
An image recorded on photo film is projected through an imaging lens onto an image sensor. In accordance with a selected mode, set values are read out from a data ROM and are applied to a band pass filter consisting of programmable digital filters. Pixel signals from the image sensor are converted into evaluation signals which are correlative with spatial frequencies of the image, and are filtered through the band pass filter with the frequency band determined by the set values. The evaluation signals are integrated, and a peak value of integration values obtained at different focusing positions is determined to be an in-focus position.
Abstract:
An optical waveguide apparatus comprising a substrate made of material the refractive index of which is changed by an electric effect, and an optical waveguide which is formed on a portion of the substrate and allows passage of guided light. In the apparatus, the optical waveguide includes an optical path changing section for periodically producing an electromotive force under the control of one of control light and guided light.
Abstract:
A solid state image pick-up device with a shutter function including a number of charge coupled devices of vertical overflow domain type is disclosed. A light receiving portion comprises a p.sup.- epitaxial layer arranged on a main surface of an n.sup.+ substrate and an n.sup.+ diffusion surface region is provided in a surface of the p.sup.- layer. A p.sup.+ control gate for controlling a potential barrier between the n.sup.+ diffusion surface region and the p.sup.- epitaxial layer is formed in the epitaxial layer adjacent to the light receiving portion, and a p well region is formed in the epitaxial layer adjacent to the light receiving portion. During a shutter close period, i.e. before a signal charge storing operation, a control voltage applied to the control gate and a reverse bias voltage applied across the n.sup.+ substrate and p.sup.- epitaxial layer are so adjusted that a potential barrier between the epitaxial layer and surface region is made sufficiently small to completely discharge all the charge stored in the light receiving portion into the substrate serving as the overflow drain.
Abstract:
An acoustooptic modulator is provided with an electroacoustic transducer which generates a non-uniform acoustic wave distribution. The distribution of the acoustic wave excitation varies along the direction of light passage through the acoustooptic medium.