摘要:
Provided are non-volatile memory devices and methods of fabricating the same, including improved bit line and contact formation that may reduce resistance and parasitic capacitance, thereby reducing manufacturing costs and improving device performance. The non-volatile memory devices may include a substrate; a plurality of field regions formed on the substrate, each of the field regions including a homogeneous first field and a second field that is divided into two sub regions via a bridge region; an active region formed on the substrate and defined as having a string structure by the field regions, where at least two strings may be connected via one of the bridge regions; and a plurality of shared bit lines may be formed on the field regions and connected to the active region via bit line contacts, where the bit line contacts may be direct contacts.
摘要:
Provided are non-volatile memory devices and methods of fabricating the same, including improved bit line and contact formation that may reduce resistance and parasitic capacitance, thereby reducing manufacturing costs and improving device performance. The non-volatile memory devices may include a substrate; a plurality of field regions formed on the substrate, each of the field regions including a homogeneous first field and a second field that is divided into two sub regions via a bridge region; an active region formed on the substrate and defined as having a string structure by the field regions, where at least two strings may be connected via one of the bridge regions; and a plurality of shared bit lines may be formed on the field regions and connected to the active region via bit line contacts, where the bit line contacts may be direct contacts.
摘要:
Provided are non-volatile memory devices and methods of fabricating the same, including improved bit line and contact formation that may reduce resistance and parasitic capacitance, thereby reducing manufacturing costs and improving device performance. The non-volatile memory devices may include a substrate; a plurality of field regions formed on the substrate, each of the field regions including a homogeneous first field and a second field that is divided into two sub regions via a bridge region; an active region formed on the substrate and defined as having a string structure by the field regions, where at least two strings may be connected via one of the bridge regions; and a plurality of shared bit lines may be formed on the field regions and connected to the active region via bit line contacts, where the bit line contacts may be direct contacts.
摘要:
A porous membrane with pores that includes a polymerization product of a polyazole-based material, an electrolyte membrane including the porous membrane with a proton-conductive polymer provided in pores of the porous membrane, methods of manufacturing the porous membrane and the electrolyte membrane, and a fuel cell employing at least one of the porous membrane and the electrolyte membrane.
摘要:
A porous membrane with pores that includes a polymerization product of a polyazole-based material, an electrolyte membrane including the porous membrane with a proton-conductive polymer provided in pores of the porous membrane, methods of manufacturing the porous membrane and the electrolyte membrane, and a fuel cell employing at least one of the porous membrane and the electrolyte membrane.
摘要:
A method of generating and allocating codewords includes allocating one of two selectable codewords b1 and b2 as codeword “b” when a preceding codeword “a” and a following codeword “b” form a code stream X, in which the codewords b1 and b2 have opposite INV values which are parameters indicating whether the number of ‘1s’ contained in a codeword is an odd number or an even number. When the code stream of the preceding codeword “a” and the following codeword b1 is X1, and when the code stream of the preceding codeword “a” and the following codeword b2 is X2, the codewords are allocated such that the INV values of X1 and X2 are maintained to be opposite when the preceding codeword “a” or the following codeword b1 (b2) (b1 or b2) should be replaced by another codeword in compliance with a predetermined boundary condition given between codewords. The codewords are allocated so that a DC suppression capability of the code stream can be maintained.
摘要:
A soft demodulation method and apparatus including calculating partial sums for a unit of each predetermined number of bits of a codeword received from a channel; calculating a value of each entry of the decoding table by referring to the partial sums; and detecting a maximum among values of all entries of the decoding table and calculating a log-likelihood ratio (LLR) using the detected maximum. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce the amount of computation required to perform a soft demodulation process using run-length limited (RLL) codes and to simplify the soft demodulation process.
摘要:
A method of converting a parity check matrix for low density parity check coding comprising moving rows and columns of the parity check matrix such that the parity check matrix includes a lower triangular submatrix. A calculation load for creating parity information can be reduced by using the converted parity check matrix including the lower triangular submatrix.
摘要:
A stage apparatus may include a first stage, a second stage movable with respect to the first stage, at least one flexure hinge to connect the first stage with the second stage, a plurality of actuators provided between the first stage and the second stage to push the first stage and the second stage and to be symmetric with respect to a center of the first stage and the second stage, and a controller to control the plurality of actuators to move one of the first stage and the second stage with respect to the other one of the first stage and the second stage. Thus, a position error of the stage can be reduced, which enables an ultra precision position control. Further, a piezoelectric driver using piezoelectric elements may be used as the actuator to decrease the position error more than a conventional driver such as a motor. The position error may be decreased to ±10 nm.
摘要:
A clock signal generating system using a wobble signal and a data reproducing apparatus, has a first block to detect a frequency error signal or a phase error signal from the RF signals on the recording medium and to output the detected frequency error signal or the detected phase error signal. A second block detects a wobble error signal from the wobble signals on the recording medium and outputs the detected wobble error signal. A clock generating unit generates a clock signal using the detected frequency error signal or the detected phase error signal of the second block when the RF signals have an error, and using the detected wobble error signal of the first block when the wobble signals have an error.