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公开(公告)号：US6103204A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-15
申请号：US989180
申请日：1997-12-11
CPC分类号： C01G9/00 , C22B19/22 , C22B3/18 , Y02P10/234
摘要： A method of selectively leaching zinc from a source material containing zinc in sulphide form and iron, comprises the steps of subjecting the source material to bioleaching with a strict sulphur oxidizing micro organism or a mixed culture of sulphur oxidizing and iron oxidizing micro organisms, in the presence of a nutrient solution containing less than about 15 mg/L phosphate ions. In another embodiment, the source material is in the form of a slurry having a solids concentration of at least about 25% on a weight per volume basis and a nutrient solution containing from about 1 mg/L to less than about 100 mg/L ammonium ions, from about 0.5 mg/L to less than about 40 mg/L magnesium ions and from about 2 mg/L to less than about 60 mg/L phosphate ions.
摘要翻译： 从含有硫化锌和铁的锌的源材料中选择性浸出锌的方法包括以下步骤：用严格的硫氧化微生物或硫氧化和氧化铁微生物的混合培养物对源材进行生物浸出， 含有少于约15mg / L磷酸根离子的营养液的存在。 在另一个实施方案中，源材料为浆料形式，其固体浓度为每体积重量至少约25％，含有约1mg / L至小于约100mg / L铵的营养液 离子，约0.5mg / L至小于约40mg / L的镁离子和约2mg / L至小于约60mg / L的磷酸根离子。
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公开(公告)号：US5833830A
公开(公告)日：1998-11-10
申请号：US751790
申请日：1996-11-18
摘要： In one embodiment, a method of electrowinning a metal from an electrolyte comprises the steps of measuring the redox potential of the electrolyte to obtain a measured value, comparing the measured value with a predetermined optimum value and adding a redox agent to the electrolyte to adjust the redox potential of the electrolyte to the optimum value. One embodiment of apparatus (10) for carrying out the method comprises a redox potential measuring device (20) having a housing for the flow of electrolyte therethrough and including a pair of electrodes (22, 24) for measuring the redox potential of an electrolyte flowing through the housing to produce an output measurement value and a redox controller (26) responsive to the output measurement value for controlling the addition of redox agent to the electrolyte of an electrolysis cell (12).
摘要翻译： 在一个实施方案中，从电解质中电解金属的方法包括以下步骤：测量电解质的氧化还原电位以获得测量值，将测量值与预定的最佳值进行比较，并向电解质中加入氧化还原剂以调节 电解质的氧化还原电位达到最佳值。 用于执行该方法的设备（10）的一个实施例包括具有用于电解质流过其中的壳体的氧化还原电位测量装置（20），并且包括一对电极（22,24），用于测量电解液的氧化还原电位 通过壳体产生输出测量值和响应于输出测量值的氧化还原控制器（26），用于控制向电解槽（12）的电解质添加氧化还原剂。
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公开(公告)号：US5462109A
公开(公告)日：1995-10-31
申请号：US956212
申请日：1992-10-05
申请人： Albert M. Vincze , Theodore J. Seymour , Patrick Culkeen , Nai-Yong Tang , Gerald P. Lewis , Paul Niessen , John V. Marlow
发明人： Albert M. Vincze , Theodore J. Seymour , Patrick Culkeen , Nai-Yong Tang , Gerald P. Lewis , Paul Niessen , John V. Marlow
CPC分类号： B22D11/0611 , B22D25/04
摘要： The strip is cast on a chilled casting surface of a rotating drum from a pool of the molten metal contained in a tundish having a graphite lip insert seated therein cooperating with, the casting surface adjacent to the tundish to form and contain the pool of the molten metal. The tundish preferably contains a feed chamber, a return chamber, and a diverting chamber, the feed chamber and the diverting chamber effectively removing turbulence from the molten feed and the return chamber having a vertically adjustable weir dividing the return chamber from the diverting chamber for controlling the surface level of the pool of molten metal in the diverting chamber and the lip insert and for diverting a flow of molten metal to the return chamber. A preferred lead alloy is a low antimony-lead alloy which is cast into strip and is subjected to a heat treatment to permit expansion and shaping in subsequent production of expanded mesh battery grids. The battery grids produced by the method have improved electrochemical properties such as corrosion resistance and resistance to growth.
摘要翻译： 带材在一个旋转鼓的冷却铸造表面上被浇铸在中间包中的熔融金属池中，该中间包具有与之配合的石墨唇形插入件，该浇注表面与中间包相邻的铸造表面形成并容纳熔融的 金属。 中间包优选地包含进料室，回流室和转向室，进料室和转向室有效地从熔融进料中除去湍流，并且返回室具有垂直可调节的堰，将返回室与转向室分隔开，以便控制 转向室和唇形插入件中的熔融金属池的表面水平和用于将熔融金属流转向回流室。 一种优选的铅合金是一种低锑铅合金，它被铸成条状，并进行热处理，以允许膨胀和成形，随后生产膨胀网状电池网格。 通过该方法生产的电池栅极具有改善的电化学性能，例如耐腐蚀性和耐生长性。
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公开(公告)号：US5002748A
公开(公告)日：1991-03-26
申请号：US239897
申请日：1988-09-02
IPC分类号： C01G28/02
CPC分类号： C01G28/02 , C01P2006/80 , C01P2006/82
摘要： Copper arsenate, substantially free from impurities that form sludge in wood preservatives such as chromated copper arsenate, is prepared by adding a solution of soluble arsenate to copper sulfate solution, either or both solutions containing sludge-forming impurities, to form a copper and arsenic-containing solution without precipitating copper arsenate. The pH during the adding is controlled at a value in the range of 1.8 to 2.2 to precipitate impurities. Precipitated impurities are removed, and the copper and arsenic-containing solution is neutralized with a suitable alkaline substance to pH 3.5 to 5.0 to precipitate copper arsenate. Arsenate solution is derived from arsenic oxides, soluble arsenic salts and compounds and metallurgical materials capable of yielding water-soluble arsenate. Copper sulfate solution is derived from crystals and compounds and metallurgical materials cable of yielding copper sulfate. In a preferred embodiment, sodium arsenate is derived by aqueous caustic oxidative pressure leaching of flue dusts and copper sulfate is derived by aqueous acid oxidative pressure leaching of copper matte.
摘要翻译： 通过将可溶性砷酸盐溶液加入到硫酸铜溶液中，或者是含有污泥形成杂质的两种溶液或两种溶液形成铜和砷 - 砷化合物，制备基本上不含木质防腐剂如铬酸铜的砷形成污泥的砷酸铜， 含有溶液而不沉淀砷酸铜。 加入过程中的pH控制在1.8至2.2的范围内以沉淀杂质。 除去沉淀的杂质，用合适的碱性物质将含铜和砷的溶液中和至pH 3.5至5.0以沉淀砷酸铜。 砷酸盐溶液源自能够产生水溶性砷酸盐的砷氧化物，可溶性砷盐和化合物以及冶金材料。 硫酸铜溶液衍生自晶体和化合物以及冶金材料产生硫酸铜的电缆。 在一个优选的实施方案中，砷酸钠是通过苛性碱氧化浸出烟道粉而衍生的，硫酸铜是通过酸性氧化浸出铜锍得到的。
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公开(公告)号：US4888051A
公开(公告)日：1989-12-19
申请号：US233710
申请日：1988-08-19
摘要： Gallium is zone refined in a stationary, vertical, double annulus refiner. Impure gallium is contained between walls of a first annulus that are made of a material that does not impart impurities to the gallium. At least one of the walls is made of a flexible material. A cooling fluid is circulated through a second annulus enveloping the first annulus. The gallium is zone refined by moving through the gallium ingot one or more molten zones formed by radio frequency waves from at least one reciprocating radio frequency heating induction coil. After the necessary number of passes, the ingot is cropped without introducing contaminants and refined gallium with purities between 79 and 89 is recovered. LEC single crystal GaAs made with the so refined gallium has very uniform electrical characteristics.
摘要翻译： 镓是在固定的，垂直的双环形精炼机中进行区域精制。 不规则的镓包含在由不向镓赋予杂质的材料制成的第一环的壁之间。 至少一个壁由柔性材料制成。 冷却流体通过包围第一环的第二环带循环。 镓通过从至少一个往复式射频加热感应线圈通过镓锭移动通过射频波形成的一个或多个熔融区域进行区域精制。 经过必要的通过次数后，晶锭被切割而不引入污染物，精炼的镓的纯度在79和89之间被回收。 由精炼的镓制成的LEC单晶GaAs具有非常均匀的电气特性。
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公开(公告)号：US4743428A
公开(公告)日：1988-05-10
申请号：US893843
申请日：1986-08-06
CPC分类号： F27D27/00 , B01F7/285 , F27D3/0026
摘要： Method and apparatus for the agitation of base metal on alloy melts, and for the agitation and alloying of base metal melts with at least one alloying metal. A rotatable device is suspended in a melt of base metal and the device is rotated to draw at least a partial vortex in the melt. The device comprises a hollow cylinder having an open top and a closed bottom. An array of openings in the cylinder side wall is adapted to allow melt of the base metal to pass through. In the agitation of a base metal or alloy melt, the amount of dross formed on the melt is reduced. In alloying, the at least one alloying metal may be added directly to the melt or may be added in particulate form into the vortex in the device, the latter being particularly useful when the melting point of the alloying metal is higher than that of the base metal or alloy. When added into the device, the openings in the cylindrical wall are adapted to retain the particulates in the device to be washed with base metal until the particulates are substantially dissolved. Alloys produced using the device have narrow standard deviations from their specification. The alloying proceeds more efficiently with formation of less dross and less off-specification material, proceeds faster and in less time than heretofore possible, and allows production on a continuous basis.
摘要翻译： 用于在合金熔体上搅拌贱金属以及用于使贱金属熔体与至少一种合金金属的搅拌和合金化的方法和装置。 可旋转装置悬挂在贱金属的熔体中，并且使装置旋转以在熔体中至少抽取部分涡流。 该装置包括具有开口顶部和封闭底部的中空圆柱体。 气缸侧壁中的开口阵列适于允许贱金属的熔体通过。 在贱金属或合金熔体的搅拌中，熔体上形成的浮渣的量减少。 在合金化中，可以将至少一种合金金属直接加入到熔体中，或者可以以颗粒形式加入到装置中的涡流中，后者在合金金属的熔点高于基体的熔点时特别有用 金属或合金。 当加入到装置中时，圆柱形壁中的开口适于将微粒保留在待用基体金属洗涤的装置中，直到颗粒基本上溶解。 使用该设备生产的合金与其规格的标准偏差较窄。 合金化更有效地进行，形成较少的浮渣和较少的脱离规格的材料，更快地进行并且在比以前更少的时间内进行，并且允许连续生产。
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7.发明授权Controlling metal electro-deposition using electrolyte containing two polarizing agents 失效使用含有两种偏振剂的电解质控制金属电沉积
公开(公告)号：US4443301A
公开(公告)日：1984-04-17
申请号：US422438
申请日：1982-09-23
申请人： Robert C. Kerby
发明人： Robert C. Kerby
摘要： A method for controlling the electro-deposition of metal from an aqueous electrolyte containing two organic polarizing agents is disclosed. The method requires measuring the nucleation overpotential, the plating overpotential, and the difference between these potentials. By relating these measurements to predetermined values, optimum process control can be obtained by changing the concentration of the various organic polarizing agents in the process electrolyte.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种从含有两种有机偏振剂的含水电解质中控制金属电沉积的方法。 该方法需要测量成核过电位，电镀过电位以及这些电位之间的差异。 通过将这些测量值与预定值相关联，可以通过改变处理电解质中各种有机极化剂的浓度来获得最佳的工艺控制。
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公开(公告)号：US4374684A
公开(公告)日：1983-02-22
申请号：US226291
申请日：1981-01-19
CPC分类号： C01B19/007 , C30B29/48 , C30B33/00
摘要： A method for the heat treatment of cadmium mercury telluride homogeneous single crystals is disclosed wherein the crystals are heated and maintained at a temperature in the range of from about 300 K to below the solidus temperature of the composition treated in the presence of mercury, the vapor pressure of mercury being less than the saturation vapor pressure of mercury.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于热处理碲化镉均匀单晶的方法，其中将晶体加热并保持在约300K至低于在汞存在下处理的组合物的固相线温度范围内的温度，蒸汽 汞的压力小于汞的饱和蒸气压。
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公开(公告)号：US4274389A
公开(公告)日：1981-06-23
申请号：US130933
申请日：1980-03-17
申请人： Arnold G. White , James K. Tarbet , Dennis A. Vanness , Gordon J. Woods , William F. H. Micklethwaite
发明人： Arnold G. White , James K. Tarbet , Dennis A. Vanness , Gordon J. Woods , William F. H. Micklethwaite
CPC分类号： B28D5/045 , B28D5/0088 , Y10T83/242 , Y10T83/7264
摘要： A cutting apparatus for slicing semiconductor materials into wafers is disclosed.The cutting apparatus broadly comprises a pair of spaced-apart co-planar rotatable wheels, a continuous metallic band passing over said wheels, means for driving one of said wheels to move said band unidirectionally through a path encompassing said wheels and through a linear cutting region, means for moving the other wheel towards and away from the driven wheel for tensioning the metallic band, workpiece support means stationed in the cutting region adapted to raise a workpiece to the metallic band at a controlled speed, means for supplying an abrasive slurry to said metallic band in the cutting region upstream of the workpiece, and guide-wipers upstream and downstream of the cutting region each comprising a pair of opposed, laterally and linearly offset wipers for dampening lateral motion of the metallic band, maintaining the band in alignment across the workpiece and wiping the band of abrasive slurry before the band passes over the driven wheel.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于将半导体材料切割成晶片的切割装置。 切割装置广泛地包括一对间隔开的共面可旋转轮，穿过所述轮的连续金属带，用于驱动所述轮之一的装置，以将所述带单向移动通过包围所述轮的路径并通过线性切割区 用于将另一个车轮朝向和远离所述从动轮移动以用于张紧所述金属带的装置，驻留在所述切割区域中的工件支撑装置，其适于以受控的速度将工件升高到所述金属带;用于将磨料浆料供应到所述 金属带在工件上游的切割区域中，以及在切割区域的上游和下游的引导擦拭器，每个包括一对相对的，横向和线性偏移的擦拭器，用于抑制金属带的横向运动， 工件，并在带通过从动轮之前擦拭磨料浆料带。
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公开(公告)号：US4231981A
公开(公告)日：1980-11-04
申请号：US960198
申请日：1978-11-13
申请人： Horst E. Hirsch , Robert W. Smyth
发明人： Horst E. Hirsch , Robert W. Smyth
CPC分类号： C23C14/3414 , C01B19/007 , C23C14/0629 , C01P2004/61 , C01P2006/10
摘要： Embodiments of a method are disclosed for producing large size cadmium mercury telluride (CMT) sputtering targets of a homogeneous composition. Sputtering targets of CMT having a general formula Cd.sub.x Hg.sub.1-x Te wherein x has values in the range of about 0.14 to 0.60 are prepared by compacting finely divided CMT of a particle size smaller than 150.mu. in a die into a coherent compact having a density of at least 97% theoretical density. CMT with an x value of about 0.14 to about 0.20 preferably is compacted at a die preheat temperature of about 100 to 300.degree. C. and at a compacting pressure of at least about 400 MPa. CMT having an x value of about 0.20 to about 0.60 preferably is compacted at a die preheat temperature of about 300.degree. C. and a compacting pressure of about 160 to 275 MPa. The die may be evacuated to a pressure of less than about 133 Pa absolute prior to compacting.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于生产均匀组合物的大尺寸碲化汞镉（CMT）溅射靶的方法的实施方案。 具有通式Cd x Hg 1-x Te的CMT的溅射靶，其中x具有在约0.14至0.60范围内的值，通过将模具中的小于150μm的粒度的细碎CMT压实成密度为 至少97％的理论密度。 具有约0.14至约0.20的x值的CMT优选在约100至300℃的模具预热温度和至少约400MPa的压实压力下压实。 具有约0.20至约0.60的x值的CMT优选在约300℃的模具预热温度和约160至275MPa的压实压力下压实。 在压实之前，模具可以被抽真空至小于约133Pa绝对压力。
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