摘要:
An apparatus (10) for forming the outer layers of a glass laminate sheet comprises a reservoir (12), individual first (14a) and second (14b) distributors extending below and in fluid communication with the reservoir, and first (30a) and second (30b) slots positioned respectively at the bottom of the first and second distributors. The slots have a length, the distributors have sides and a middle, and the length of the slots on the sides of the distributors is desirably decreased relative to the length of the slots in the middle of the distributors. The apparatus is useful with a trough or isopipe (100) to provide clad glass streams to contact an over-flowing core glass on respective sides of the trough or isopipe.
摘要:
A split loading funnel includes two or more individual funnel segments, each of which includes an interior guide surface. The two or more individual funnel segments are arranged relative to one another so that interior guide surfaces of the individual funnel segments cooperate to define a guide passage having a longitudinal axis. An apparatus that includes a split loading funnel and a process for delivering a gob of molten glass from a gob delivery system into a blank mold using a split loading funnel are also disclosed.
摘要:
A split loading funnel includes two or more individual funnel segments, each of which includes an interior guide surface. The two or more individual funnel segments are arranged relative to one another so that interior guide surfaces of the individual funnel segments cooperate to define a guide passage having a longitudinal axis. An apparatus that includes a split loading funnel and a process for delivering a gob of molten glass from a gob delivery system into a blank mold using a split loading funnel are also disclosed.
摘要:
In order, inter alia, to provide an apparatus and a process for melting inorganic substances which allow a high product quality to be obtained and the technological outlay to be reduced, the invention provides a process and an apparatus in which the volumetric ratios between a melting region and a refining region can be flexibly adapted. The process comprises the steps of adding a batch into at least one first region (12) on the feed side (10) of a scull crucible (1), heating the crucible contents (30), melting down the crucible contents (30) in the at least one first region (12) of the scull crucible (1), entry into at least one second region (22) on the discharge side (20) of the scull crucible (1), melting down and/or refining the crucible contents (30) in the at least one second region (22) of the scull crucible (1), and removing the melted-down crucible contents through at least one removal apparatus (25), with the volume on the feed side (10) and/or the discharge side (20) of the scull crucible (1) being set variably.
摘要:
A glass bottle forming system is described in which a main glass melter is connected to a forehearth with a fairly conventional feeder provided at the delivery end of the forehearth. The feeder opening in the bottom of the forehearth is closed by a first orifice member through which a molten core glass will flow. Beneath the first orifice there is positioned a second orifice member that has an orifice that is slightly larger than the orifice in the first orifice member. A small melter contains a glass of essentially the same composition as that in the main melter, but with a coefficient of expansion slightly less than that of the core glass. This lower expansion glass is fed to the second orifice member so that it can flow out of the orifice with the core glass in surrounding relationship with respect thereto. The skin glass melter is connected to the second orifice member by a gravity feed system in which the connection is thermally controlled so that the viscosity of the two glasses are maintained essentially the same. Two embodiments of the skin melter and the second orifice are disclosed. In one embodiment the second orifice is vertically adjustable so as to vary the volume of skin glass flow relative to the core glass flow. The second embodiment has the second orifice supporting an annular bushing that is vertically adjustable and it cooperates with the bottom of the upper orifice member to regulate the flow of glass into surrounding relationship to the core glass coming through the first orifice member.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for periodically discharging batches of a glass melt from a ceramic glass melting furnace in which localized heating energy limitable in time is supplied to the glass melt by means of electrodes in the furnace, the furnace being provided at its bottom with an induction heatable outlet member of ceramic material presenting a vertically oriented outlet passage for discharge of such batches, the furnace being operated to cause the outlet passage to be closed by a plug of the glass when no discharge is to take place, in which such plug is melted for discharging a batch of the glass melt via the outlet passage by preheating the outlet member and the glass plug by induction heating up to a preheating temperature which is below the melting temperature of the glass and above which the rate of increase of the electrical conductivity of the glass plug as a function of increasing temperature is greater than that of the ceramic material of the outlet member, and then further heating the plug, while retaining the induction heating power by means of resistance heating in which only the glass plug and the melt in the furnace serve as resistances, until the plug becomes almost liquid and molten and is suddenly pushed out of the outlet passage by the hydrostatic pressure of the glass melt thereabove.
摘要:
An electrically heated melting furnace for the melting of mineral materials, such as frits, (vitreous) enamels and the like, wherein a bath of molten material contained in a tank is heated by means of electrodes contacting the molten material and having a current flowing therethrough which heats the molten material by Joule's heat, wherein a batch is fed onto the melt or molten bath, and the molten product is withdrawn from the bottom of the tank wherein the furnace space or tank having the molten bath has a square or almost square cross-section or the cross-section of a regular polygon; that the depth of the furnace space or tank having the molten material therein corresponds almost to the diameter of the tank; and that a plurality of radiator heating rods are arranged above the batch material and said heating electrodes are positioned in the lower portion of the molten bath above the tank bottom and comprising a bottom outlet including a cylindrical portion or element and a further underlying, concentrically disposed, circular disc-shaped or annular portion or element of a refractory material being conductive at high temperature and acting as an electrical conductor, which elements are conductively coupled to a current supply line.