摘要:
It has been unexpectedly discovered that the addition of a natural or other pozzolan to non-spec coal ash significantly improves the properties of the non-spec coal ash to the extent it can be certified under ASTM C618 and AASHTO 295, as either a Class F or Class C coal ash. The natural pozzolan may be a volcanic ejecta, such as pumice or perlite. Other pozzolans may also be used for this beneficiation process. Many pozzolans are experimentally tested and may be used to beneficiate non-spec coal ash into certifiable Class F coal ash. Additionally, this disclosure provides a method of converting a Class C coal ash to a more valuable Class F coal ash. This discovery will extend diminishing Class F coal ash supplies and turn non-spec coal ash waste streams into valuable, certified coal ash pozzolan which will protect and enhance concrete, mortars and grouts.
摘要:
It has been unexpectedly discovered that the addition of a natural or other pozzolan to non-spec fly ash significantly improves the properties of the non-spec fly ash to the extent it can be certified under ASTM C618 and AASHTO 295, as either a Class F or Class C fly ash. The natural pozzolan may be a volcanic ejecta, such as pumice or perlite. Other pozzolans may also be used for this beneficiation process. Many pozzolans are experimentally tested and may be used to beneficiate non-spec fly ash into certifiable Class F fly ash. Additionally, this disclosure provides a method of converting a Class C fly ash to a more valuable Class F fly ash. This discovery will extend diminishing Class F fly ash supplies and turn non-spec fly ash waste streams into valuable, certified fly ash pozzolan which will protect and enhance concrete, mortars and grouts.
摘要:
An expanded lightweight aggregate has compositional ranges (Wt. % Range) of about: (a) 40 to 60% ground glass or pumice, 40 to 60% water, 3 to 15% sodium silicate, and 0.1 to 5% NaNO3 for the slurry; and (b) 50 to 85% ground glass or pumice, and 15 to 50% slurry for the granulator.
摘要:
Build-up granulation and compaction granulation methods are generally known for producing granules from porous inorganic material. In order to allow a cost-efficient yet also reproducible production of porous granules having a more pronounced hierarchical pore structure, the invention relates to a method comprising the following steps: (a) supplying a feedstock flow to a reaction zone in which the feedstock is converted to material particles by means of pyrolysis or hydrolysis, (b) depositing the material particles on a deposition surface (1a) forming a soot layer (5), (c) thermally hardening the soot layer (5) to form a porous soot plate (5a), and (d) comminuting the soot plate (5a) to form porous granules (13).
摘要:
The invention relates to a hydraulic binder, comprising K, Ca, aluminosilicates, as well as optionally Li, Na, and Mg, wherein the binder comprises the following components: a) a latently hydraulic aluminosilicate glass with a ratio of (CaO+MgO+Al2O3)/SiO2>1 and b) an alkali activator of the empirical formula (I) a(M2O)*x(SiO2)*y(H2O) (I) wherein M=Li, Na, K, a=0-4, and x=0-5 and y=3-20, wherein the molar ratio of Ca/Si is 0.1. Furthermore, it relates to binder matrices, mortars, concrete adhesives, and metal anodes made of such binder.
摘要:
The invention relates to a hydraulic binder, comprising K, Ca, aluminosilicates, as well as optionally Li, Na, and Mg, wherein the binder comprises the following components: a) a latently hydraulic aluminosilicate glass with a ratio of (CaO+MgO+Al2O3)/SiO2>1 and b) an alkali activator of the empirical formula (I) a(M2O)*x(SiO2)*y(H2O) (I) wherein M=Li, Na, K, a=0-4, and x=0-5 and y=3-20, wherein the molar ratio of Ca/Si is 0.1. Furthermore, it relates to binder matrices, mortars, concrete adhesives, and metal anodes made of such binder.
摘要:
In one example of an embodiment of the invention, a method for producing an aggregate is disclosed comprising mixing sewage sludge from a waste water treatment facility with a non-coal combustion ash silicoaluminous waste material, agglomerating the mixture to form an agglomerate, and pyroprocessing the agglomerate to form an aggregate. The waste material may comprise municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash, incinerator fly ash, incinerator filter dusts, cement kiln dusts, waste glass, blast furnace slag, kiln dusts, and/or granite sawing residues, for example. The method may further comprise milling the waste material prior to mixing. Preferably, the milling is wet milling. Pyroprocessing of the agglomerate may take place in a rotary kiln. The resulting aggregate may be a lightweight or a normal weight, sintered or vitrified aggregate. Aggregates and methods for making aggregates of high and low calcium silicoaluminous materials are also disclosed.
摘要:
In accordance with an embodiment, a method for producing an aggregate is disclosed comprising mixing incinerator bottom ash (“IBA”) from a municipal solid waste incinerator and pulverized fuel ash (“PFA”) from coal combustion. The method further comprises agglomerating the mixture, such as by pelletizing, and pyroprocessing the agglomerates, such as by sintering or vitrification, to form the aggregate. The addition of PFA to IBA has been found to facilitate production of lightweight and normal weight aggregates. Preferably, the IBA or the mixture of IBA and PFA is wet milled prior to agglomerating. A preferred proportion of IBA to PFA is 40%/60%. The agglomerates may be coated with an inorganic material to create a surface layer on the aggregate. Organic material may be included in the mixture to increase the porosity of the aggregate. A lightweight sintered aggregate comprising IBA and PFA and an aggregate comprising IBA and PFA are also disclosed.
摘要:
The invention relates to an anti-abrasion layer, comprising a mixture of irregular particles of hard material and round particles essentially free of cutting edges embedded in a matrix material and the use thereof for the production of anti-abrasion surfaces on wood materials, decorative paper, or wood fibre sheets printed with patterns for the production of parquet floors, floor laminates, furniture surfaces or work boards and for the production of wear-resistant surface layers on support materials made from metal, glass, ceramics, plastic concrete or other materials.
摘要:
A protective inorganic composition that includes: (a) a liquid composition portion that includes by weight percent of the liquid composition portion: from about 54% to about 58% by weight water, from about 22% to about 26% by weight of an alkali metal oxide component that includes potassium oxide, wherein up to about 30% by weight of the alkali metal oxide component includes sodium oxide, and from about 18% to about 22% by weight amorphous silica; and (b) a powder composition portion that includes by weight percent of the powder composition portion: up to about 65% by weight amorphous silica and one or more components selected from calcined clay, a Group II metal oxide powder, high-temperature resistant fillers, microfibers, and discrete fibers. Also provided are methods for coating a substrate and articles prepared therefrom.