摘要:
A system (9) of the invention is a system for detecting deterioration of a catalyst (8) provided in an exhaust passage (12) of an internal combustion engine (11), the system including: means (5) that detects a temperature of an exhaust on an upstream side of the catalyst (8); means (6) that detects a temperature of the exhaust on a downstream side of the catalyst (8); a recognition unit (10) that recognizes, both upstream and downstream of the catalyst (8), a change point at which the temperature changes from temperature fall or constant temperature to temperature rise during acceleration operation, or a change point at which the temperature changes from temperature rise or constant temperature to temperature fall during deceleration operation; and a determination unit (10) that determines that the catalyst (8) has deteriorated when a difference (ΔT or ΔT′) between the upstream and downstream change points becomes equal to or longer than a predetermined time.
摘要:
An improved thermocouple includes a drawn coaxial thermocouple wire pair having a more precise “hot” junction at which a first and second metallic material electrically connect with each other for measuring temperature. Adapted for use with an electrophysiologic catheter, the improved thermocouple comprising an elongated body having a proximal end and a distal end. The body includes a core of a first metallic material, a first coaxial layer of ceramic material, and a second coaxial layer of a second metallic material. The thermocouple further includes a solder cap on the distal end, the solder cap electrically connecting the core and the second layer at the distal end. A method of manufacturing includes drawing the body through a die, and applying solder on a distal end of the body to electrically connect the two metallic materials at the distal end.
摘要:
The invention provides a temperature sensor on the basis of a thermocouple constituted by two different metals. The first metal is provided in the form of an electrically insulated wire, having a blank uninsulated portion. The second metal is constituted by a jacket member enclosing the insulated wire. The jacket member is in electrical contact with the insulated wire via the blank uninsulated portion to thereby form a measuring junction. As a feed line, an electrically insulated copper wire is provided whose free end has a blank portion. The first wire is wound around the copper wire and projects over the free end thereof. The jacket member extends over the blank uninsulated portion of the carrier wire and is in electrical contact therewith. Due to the fact that the same material is chosen for the jacket member and for the carrier wire, i.e. copper, the carrier wire can be used as electrical feed line. The coaxial jacket member is provided, at least in the region of the measuring junction, with a reflective coating.
摘要:
A renewable, elongated thermocouple probe having a first elongated thermocouple element and a second elongated thermocouple element surrounding the first element. Electrical insulation material is positioned between opposed surfaces of the first and second thermocouple elements to electrically insulate the elements from each other. A temperature sensing tip is provided at one end of the probe by grinding the end of the probe with an abrasive material to provide an electrically conductive connection in the form of metallic particles to define a conduction path between the first and second thermocouple elements and over the insulating material. The opposite end of the probe can be connected with a thermocouple reference junction in a conventional manner.
摘要:
A thermocouple made of the silicon carbide and carbon. A carbon rod extends within a silicon carbide tube. The tube is closed at one end, and one end of the rod is fixed in a blind hole in the tube end to define the hot junction of the thermocouple, the hot junction thereby being located within the tube. An electrical insulator sealing ring closes off the opposite end of the tube. The tube is made by sintering a preform, the rod being within the tube, with one end in the blind hole, during sintering, so that the hole wall shrinks around the rod end.
摘要:
An improved hot junction construction for thermocouples is provided by means of a tight fitting internal tube positioned over the outer end of the thermocouple wire prior to its fusion with the tip tube. The internal tube is formed of an alloy, such as an iron alloy containing chromium and nickel, such that the components thereof form a metal solution with the components of the thermocouple wire, which may be of a nickel-containing alloy such as copper-nickel alloy, and the external tube formed, for example, of an iron-chromium alloy. When the outer ends of the wire, internal tube and tip tube are fused, a hot junction is produced which is substantially free of pores, gaseous inclusions and stresses.
摘要:
A LENGTH OF TUBE MADE FROM ONE METAL HAS AN EXTREMITY WITH A SMALLER DIAMETER AND WALL THICKNESS THAN ITS BASE. A LENGTH OF WIRE MADE FROM A DISSIMILAR METAL EXTENDS INSIDE THE TUBE IN AXIAL ALIGNMENT THEREWITH FROM A POINT SPACED FROM THE END OF THE EXTREMITY OF THE TUBE TO ITS BASE. A HOT THERMOCOUPLE JUNCTION IS FORMED IN A CYLINDRICAL AREA BETWEEN A PORTION OF THE EXTREMITY THE TUBE AND THE ADJACENT PORTION OF THE LENGTH OF THE WIRE. A TIP IS FORMED INTEGRAL WITH THE END OF THE EXTREMITY OF THE TUBE AND IS SPACED FROM THE ADJACENT END OF THE WIRE SO AS TO SEAL THE END OF THE TUBE FROM THE ATMOSPHERE WITHOUT ELECTRICAL CONTACT WITH THE END OF THE WIRE. A CONNECTOR HAVING A MALE MEMBER AND A FEMALE MEMBER ADAPTED TO MATE WITH EACH OTHER HAS TWO MUTUALLY INSULATED ELECTRICAL PATHS CONNECTING A PAIR OF LEADS TO THE TUBE AND THE WIRE, RESPECTIVELY. AT LEAST ONE COLD JUNCTION IS FORMED IN ONE OF THE ELECTRICAL PATHS. THE FORMATION OF THE TIP IS FACILITATED BY REDUCING THE OPEN AREA AT THE END OF THE TUBE PRIOR TO THE SEALING OPERATION.