公开(公告)号：US10081847B2

公开(公告)日：2018-09-25

申请号：US14435864

申请日：2013-10-17

申请人： University of Bradford

发明人： Jeya Kumari ,  Raj Patel

IPC分类号： C22B3/04 ,  C22B1/02 ,  C22B5/04 ,  C22B34/00 ,  C22B34/12 ,  C22B34/10 ,  C22B34/14 ,  C22B34/20 ,  C22B59/00

CPC分类号： C22B3/04 ,  C22B1/02 ,  C22B5/04 ,  C22B34/00 ,  C22B34/10 ,  C22B34/1236 ,  C22B34/1268 ,  C22B34/14 ,  C22B34/20 ,  C22B59/00

摘要： The invention provides a method for the production of a metal, the method comprising the steps of mixing an oxide of the metal with a reducing agent comprising a Group II metal or a hydride thereof in the presence of water and/or an organic solvent, heating the mixture of oxide and reducing agent, leaching the resulting material with water; and washing the leached material with a dilute aqueous acid. Typically, the metal is a transition or rare earth metal, the oxide of the metal is an oxide of a transition or rare earth metal, and the reducing agent is selected from calcium or magnesium or the hydrides of calcium and magnesium. The metal is generally obtained at a purity of around 98.5-99.1%, and the method is much quicker than the methods of the prior art and has a much lower carbon footprint, thereby providing an option which is more sustainable, environmentally friendly, and accommodative for industries. Particularly good results are observed in the production of transition metals such as titanium, tantalum and niobium.

公开(公告)号：US09416431B2

公开(公告)日：2016-08-16

申请号：US13395267

申请日：2010-09-09

申请人： Willem Liebenberg Retief ,  Nelius Dempers Retief ,  Johannes Theodorus Nel ,  Wilhelmina Du Plessis ,  Philippus Lodewyk Crouse ,  Johannes Petrus Le Roux

发明人： Willem Liebenberg Retief ,  Johannes Theodorus Nel ,  Wilhelmina Du Plessis ,  Philippus Lodewyk Crouse ,  Johannes Petrus Le Roux

IPC分类号： C01B7/00 ,  C01C1/16 ,  C22B3/10 ,  C22B34/10 ,  C22B34/12 ,  C22B34/14 ,  C22B34/24

CPC分类号： C22B3/10 ,  C22B34/10 ,  C22B34/1213 ,  C22B34/14 ,  C22B34/24 ,  Y02P10/234

摘要： A process for treating a feedstock is provided. The feedstock comprises a mineral and/or a metal oxide/silicate derived from or associated with a mineral. The process comprises treating the feedstock by reacting, in a reaction step, the mineral and/or the metal oxide/silicate derived from or associated with a mineral, with an ammonium acid fluoride having the generic formula NH4F.xHF, wherein 1

摘要翻译： 提供了一种处理原料的方法。 原料包含衍生自或与矿物相关的矿物和/或金属氧化物/硅酸盐。 该方法包括通过在反应步骤中将衍生自或与矿物相关的矿物和/或与矿物相关的金属氧化物/硅酸盐与具有通式NH 4 F x H F的铵酸氟化物反应来处理原料，其中1

公开(公告)号：US07632769B2

公开(公告)日：2009-12-15

申请号：US12187285

申请日：2008-08-06

申请人： Hiroshi Okamoto

发明人： Hiroshi Okamoto

IPC分类号： C01G23/00 ,  C01G25/00 ,  C01G27/00 ,  C22B34/10 ,  C01G23/02 ,  C01G25/04 ,  C01G25/06 ,  C01G27/02 ,  C04B35/48 ,  C04B35/49 ,  B01J21/00 ,  B01J23/02 ,  B01J23/06

CPC分类号： C04B35/486 ,  B01D53/885 ,  B01J21/066 ,  B01J23/10 ,  B01J23/63 ,  B01J23/745 ,  B01J27/053 ,  B01J35/002 ,  B01J35/10 ,  B01J35/1014 ,  B01J35/1019 ,  B01J35/1038 ,  B01J35/1042 ,  B01J35/1061 ,  B01J35/108 ,  B01J35/109 ,  B01J37/033 ,  C01G25/02 ,  C01P2002/60 ,  C01P2006/12 ,  C01P2006/13 ,  C01P2006/14 ,  C01P2006/16 ,  C01P2006/17 ,  C04B38/0064 ,  C04B2235/3217 ,  C04B2235/3224 ,  C04B2235/3227 ,  C04B2235/3229 ,  C04B2235/3232 ,  C04B2235/3272 ,  C04B2235/448 ,  C04B35/48 ,  C04B38/0054

摘要： A zirconia porous body with excellent stability of heat resistance is manufactured. This relates to a zirconia porous body having peaks at pore diameters of 8 to 20 nm and 30 to 100 nm in a pore distribution based on the BJH method, with a total pore volume of 0.4 cc/g or more, and to a zirconia porous body having a peak at a pore diameters of 20 to 110 nm in a pore distribution based on the BJH method, with a total pore volume of 0.4 cc/g or more.

摘要翻译： 制造具有优异的耐热稳定性的氧化锆多孔体。 本发明涉及一种氧化锆多孔体，其孔径分布为8〜20nm，孔径分布为30〜100nm，基于BJH法，总孔体积为0.4cc / g以上，氧化锆多孔体 基于BJH法在孔分布中具有孔径为20〜110nm的峰，其总孔体积为0.4cc / g以上。

公开(公告)号：US07455713B1

公开(公告)日：2008-11-25

申请号：US11465174

申请日：2006-08-17

申请人： Ion C. Halalay ,  Michael P. Balogh

发明人： Ion C. Halalay ,  Michael P. Balogh

IPC分类号： B22F9/24 ,  B22F9/30 ,  B01J19/08 ,  B01J19/10 ,  C22B34/10 ,  C22B34/12 ,  B01D47/02 ,  C01G23/02 ,  B06B1/20

CPC分类号： B22F9/24 ,  Y10S423/12

摘要： A titanium halide and, optionally, other precursor halides compound are reduced to a predetermined titanium product, suitably at or near ambient conditions. Titanium tetrachloride, for example, is added to an anhydrous liquid reaction medium containing one or more alkali metals or alkaline earth metals as reductants. The metal reductants are dispersed as very small globules in the liquid by cavitation of the liquid reaction medium, such as by application of high intensity ultrasonic vibrations or high-shear mixing to the reaction vessel. Continued cavitation of the liquid medium affects relatively low temperature reduction of the precursor halide(s) to produce a titanium-containing product such as titanium metal, a titanium alloy or compound, or a titanium matrix-ceramic composite material, or the like.

摘要翻译： 卤化钛和任选的其它前体卤化物化合物在适合于或接近环境条件下还原成预定的钛产品。 例如，将四氯化钛加入到含有一种或多种碱金属或碱土金属作为还原剂的无水液体反应介质中。 金属还原剂通过液体反应介质的空化作为非常小的小球分散在液体中，例如通过对反应容器施加高强度超声振动或高剪切混合。 液体介质的持续气穴影响前体卤化物的相对低的温度降低以产生含钛产物如钛金属，钛合金或化合物，或钛基陶瓷复合材料等。

公开(公告)号：US07442351B2

公开(公告)日：2008-10-28

申请号：US10528626

申请日：2003-09-15

申请人： Michel Langlet ,  Christophe Vautey ,  Alexei Kim

发明人： Michel Langlet ,  Christophe Vautey ,  Alexei Kim

IPC分类号： C22B34/10 ,  C01G23/047 ,  C01G23/053

CPC分类号： B82Y30/00 ,  B01J21/063 ,  B01J35/004 ,  B01J37/0215 ,  B01J37/038 ,  C01G23/047 ,  C01P2002/82 ,  C01P2002/84 ,  C01P2004/64 ,  C01P2004/86

摘要： The invention relates to a process for producing a stable solution containing Anatase titanium oxide intended to be deposited on a substrate in order to obtain a transparent photo-catalytic coating. Such a process includes the preparation of an initial stabilized peptized solution including a titanium precursor material, an organic solvent, an acid agent, the mixing of said initial solution with a large amount of water, the pH of the obtained intermediate solution being less then 3, subjecting said intermediate solution and its dispersion to a heat-treatment, the exchange of water by an organic solvent with low surface tension to obtain a final solution that is finally dispersed. The invention particularly allows to coat thermally sensitive and/or transparent substrates with photo-catalytic films of high optical quality.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种制备含有锐钛矿型氧化钛的稳定溶液的方法，该方法旨在沉积在基材上以获得透明的光催化涂层。 这种方法包括制备初始稳定的胶溶溶液，其包括钛前体材料，有机溶剂，酸剂，所述初始溶液与大量水的混合，所得中间体溶液的pH小于3 对所述中间溶液及其分散体进行热处理，通过低表面张力的有机溶剂进行水的交换，得到最终分散的最终溶液。 本发明特别允许用高光学质量的光催化膜涂覆热敏和/或透明基材。

公开(公告)号：US20060292049A1

公开(公告)日：2006-12-28

申请号：US10570728

申请日：2004-03-02

申请人： Tetsuya Nagasaka ,  Satoshi Itoh

发明人： Tetsuya Nagasaka ,  Satoshi Itoh

IPC分类号： C22B34/10 ,  C01G27/00

CPC分类号： G11B27/105 ,  G11B27/329

摘要： Ilmenite ores are thermally oxidized to form a stable crystal state type intermediate product consisting of two phases (pseudobrookite+rutile) in a stable crystal phase, and the resultant intermediate product can be subjected to a magnetic separation procedure to selectively collect the rutile phase.

摘要翻译： 钛铁矿矿石被热氧化以形成在稳定的结晶相中由两相（假挥发岩+金红石）组成的稳定的晶体型中间产物，并且所得到的中间产物可以进行磁选分离过程以选择性收集金红石相。

公开(公告)号：US20050081682A1

公开(公告)日：2005-04-21

申请号：US10654142

申请日：2003-09-03

申请人： Donn Armstrong ,  Richard Anderson ,  Lance Jacobsen

发明人： Donn Armstrong ,  Richard Anderson ,  Lance Jacobsen

IPC分类号： B22F9/28 ,  C22B5/04 ,  C22B34/12 ,  C22B34/10

CPC分类号： C22B5/04 ,  B22F9/28 ,  C22B34/1268 ,  C22B34/1272

摘要： A needle valve is disclosed for controlling the quantity of a halide vapor to be injected into a liquid metal. The needle valve may seat in a supersonic nozzle from which the halide vapor exits. Various products made with the apparatus of the invention are disclosed.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于控制要注入液态金属的卤化物蒸气的量的针阀。 针阀可以位于超音速喷嘴中，卤素蒸气从该喷嘴出口。 公开了用本发明的装置制成的各种产品。

公开(公告)号：US5460642A

公开(公告)日：1995-10-24

申请号：US210491

申请日：1994-03-21

申请人： John D. Leland

发明人： John D. Leland

IPC分类号： C22B5/04 ,  C22B34/10 ,  C22B34/20 ,  F27B14/06 ,  C22B34/00

CPC分类号： C22B5/04 ,  C22B34/10 ,  C22B34/20 ,  F27B14/063 ,  Y02P10/253 ,  Y10S266/905

摘要： A method and apparatus for continuously producing metals such as zirconium, hafnium, titanium, niobium, vanadium, silicon and tantalum. The corresponding metal halide is reacted with a metallic reducing agent such as aluminum, calcium, magnesium and sodium in a reactor where the reaction takes place at a temperature where the metal reducing agent is below its vaporization temperature and where the metal halide is above its vaporization temperature. The metal formed by the reaction is recovered from the reactor by collecting it in a pool of molten product metal contained in a cold wall induction heated receptacle in the reactor from which the metal product is removed.

摘要翻译： 用于连续生产诸如锆，铪，钛，铌，钒，硅和钽的金属的方法和设备。 相应的金属卤化物与金属还原剂如铝，钙，镁和钠在反应器中反应，其中反应在金属还原剂低于其蒸发温度的温度下进行，并且金属卤化物高于其蒸发 温度。 通过将反应器形成的金属从反应器中回收，将其收集在反应器中的冷壁感应加热容器中包含的熔融产物金属池中，从该金属产物中除去金属产物。

公开(公告)号：US5458697A

公开(公告)日：1995-10-17

申请号：US351542

申请日：1994-12-07

申请人： Takashi Ishigami ,  Minoru Obata ,  Mituo Kawai ,  Michio Satou ,  Takashi Yamanobe ,  Toshihiro Maki ,  Noriaki Yagi ,  Shigeru Ando

发明人： Takashi Ishigami ,  Minoru Obata ,  Mituo Kawai ,  Michio Satou ,  Takashi Yamanobe ,  Toshihiro Maki ,  Noriaki Yagi ,  Shigeru Ando

IPC分类号： C22B9/22 ,  C22B34/10 ,  C22B34/12 ,  C23C14/34 ,  H01L21/285 ,  H01L21/768 ,  H01L23/532 ,  H01L21/477

CPC分类号： C22B34/1272 ,  C22B34/10 ,  C22B34/129 ,  C22B34/1295 ,  C22B9/22 ,  C23C14/3414 ,  H01L21/28518 ,  H01L21/2855 ,  H01L21/76841 ,  H01L23/53257 ,  H01L2924/0002

摘要： This is a highly purified metal comprising one metal selected from the group consisted of titanium, zirconium and hafnium. The highly purified metal has an Al content of not more than 10 ppm. It also has an oxygen content of more than 250 ppm, each of Fe, Ni and Cr contents not more than 10 ppm and each of Na and K contents not more than 0.1 ppm. The highly purified metal is obtained by either purifying crude metal by the iodide process or surface treating crude metal to remove a contaminated layer existing on the surface thereof and then melting The surface treated material with electron bean in a high vacuum.

摘要翻译： 这是一种高纯度金属，其包含选自钛，锆和铪中的一种金属。 高纯度金属的Al含量不大于10ppm。 氧含量大于250ppm，Fe，Ni和Cr的含量不大于10ppm，Na和K的含量不超过0.1ppm。 高纯度金属是通过用碘化法纯化粗金属或用粗金属表面处理去除存在于其表面上的污染层，然后在高真空中熔化具有电子束的表面处理材料而获得的。

公开(公告)号：US4718477A

公开(公告)日：1988-01-12

申请号：US892068

申请日：1986-07-30

申请人： Salvador L. Camacho

发明人： Salvador L. Camacho

IPC分类号： C22B9/20 ,  B22D27/15 ,  C22B9/21 ,  C22B9/22 ,  C22B34/10 ,  H05H1/32 ,  B22D27/02

CPC分类号： C22B9/226 ,  B22D27/15

摘要： An apparatus and method is disclosed which is adapted to consolidate and melt reactive metallic materials, and to produce a "first ingot" which is suitable for subsequent evaluation and qualification under existing specifications for such materials in the aerospace industry. The apparatus comprises an enclosed heating chamber adapted to be substantially evacuated of air, and a hearth is positioned within the chamber for supporting the metallic material to be melted. Also, a plasma arc torch is mounted to the heating chamber, which is operable in the transfer arc mode wherein an arc extends from the rear electrode of the torch to the hearth. The rear electrode of the torch is of elongate tubular configuration, which permits a major portion of the length of the arc to be located within the torch itself, which permits the torch to deliver a high level of power in the vacuum environment within the heating chamber.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种适用于固化和熔化反应性金属材料的装置和方法，并且生产适用于航空航天工业中这种材料的现有规范的后续评估和鉴定的“第一锭”。 该装置包括适于基本抽空的空气的封闭式加热室，并且炉底位于室内，用于支撑待熔化的金属材料。 此外，等离子体电弧焊炬安装到加热室，该加热室可以以转移弧模式操作，其中弧从火炬的后电极延伸到炉膛。 手电筒的后电极具有细长的管状构造，其允许电弧长度的大部分位于焊炬本身内，这允许手电筒在加热室内的真空环境中输送高水平的功率 。