Abstract:
Acetic acid is produced by oxidation of methane with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of an acid selected from an acid selected from concentrated sulfuric acid and fuming sulfuric acid, a palladium-containing catalyst and a promoter, preferably a copper or iron salt. The addition of a promoter and O 2 to a system that includes a palladium-containing catalyst such as PdCl 2 increases the rate of acetic acid formation from methane by more than an order of magnitude as compared with prior art and, in addition, inhibits the precipitation of Pd black.
Abstract:
Acetyl anhydrides such as acetyl sulfate are produced by a process for comprising contacting methane and carbon dioxide in an anhydrous environment in the presence of effective amounts of a transition metal catalyst and a reaction promoter, and an acid anhydride compound, and optionally an acid. The acetyl anhydride can be contacted with water to produce acetic acid or with an alcohol to produce a product comprising an acetate ester and that may also comprise acetic acid. Optionally, water in stoichiometric amounts or less, with respect to the acetic anhydride, may be fed to a continuous process of this type to produce some acetic acid in situ.
Abstract:
A method for identifying an optimal time for mechanically removing a substrate from a lower electrode in a processing chamber of a plasma processing system is provided. The method includes employing a set of sensors to monitor a set of electrical characteristics of a plasma, wherein the plasma is formed over the substrate during a dechuck event. The method also includes sending processing data about the set of electrical characteristics to a data collection device. The method further includes comparing the processing data against a set of threshold values. The method yet also includes, if the processing data traverses the threshold values, removing the substrate from the lower electrode since a substrate-released event has occurred.
Abstract:
Acetyl anhydrides such as acetyl sulfate are produced by a process for comprising contacting methane and carbon dioxide in an anhydrous environment in the presence of effective amounts of a transition metal catalyst and a reaction promoter, and an acid anhydride compound, and optionally an acid. The acetyl anhydride can be contacted with water to produce acetic acid or with an alcohol to produce a product comprising an acetate ester and that may also comprise acetic acid. Optionally, water in stoichiometric amounts or less, with respect to the acetic anhydride, may be fed to a continuous process of this type to produce some acetic acid in situ.
Abstract:
A method for identifying an optimal time for mechanically removing a substrate from a lower electrode in a processing chamber of a plasma processing system is provided. The method includes employing a set of sensors to monitor a set of electrical characteristics of a plasma, wherein the plasma is formed over the substrate during a dechuck event. The method also includes sending processing data about the set of electrical characteristics to a data collection device. The method further includes comparing the processing data against a set of threshold values. The method yet also includes, if the processing data traverses the threshold values, removing the substrate from the lower electrode since a substrate-released event has occurred.
Abstract:
Acetic acid is produced by oxidation of methane with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of an acid selected from an acid selected from concentrated sulfuric acid and fuming sulfuric acid, a palladium-containing catalyst and a promoter, preferably a copper or iron salt. The addition of a promoter and O 2 to a system that includes a palladium-containing catalyst such as PdCl 2 increases the rate of acetic acid formation from methane by more than an order of magnitude as compared with prior art and, in addition, inhibits the precipitation of Pd black.